it all about jute and jete based products. How the jute fiber can be the productive and value-adding product, here that is described.

1. 1
Jute Reinforced Corrugated Sheet (Jutin)
and it’s Challenges
Dr. Mubarak Ahmad Khan
Chief Scientific Officer
Director
Radiation and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
Date: 20th June 2010

2. INTRODUCTION
 Environmental concern, over the years has raised the issue of
environment friendly material. Recent discussion about the preservation of
natural resources and recycling has led to renewed interest in biomaterials,
focusing on renewable raw materials.
 Owing to this environmental consciousness and new restrictions from
legislative authorities, the use and disposal of traditional composite
material is now seen critically.
 Modern polymer has come to the fore with the great hope attached to it
that it will meet the growing demand of environment friendly material.
 Having in mind the more recent target that production as well as
consumption should remain sustainable, natural fibers such as jute, sisal,
coir, hemp, flux etc. can be identified as potential substitutes for commonly
applied manmade fibers such as glass, carbon, etc.

3. Classification of fibers
Vegetable fibre Animal fibre
Mineral fibre
Seed fibre
Cotton
Coir
Kapok
Bast fibre
Flax
Hemp
Jute
Kenaf
Ramie
Leaf fiber
Sisal
Pineapple
Leaf
Abaca
Oil palm
Wool
Angora
Horse
hair
Silks
Silk
Wild silk
Hard Soft
Fibers
Natural fibreWood fibre

4. 4
Natural Fiber Polymer Composites,
Why??
Technical Advantages:
 Light weight
 Higher specific stiffness
 Better damping
 Lower splitting
 Lower machine corrosion
 Various processing facilities
Environmental Advantages:
 Renewable resource
 Provided CO2 and energy balance
 Problemless thermal processing
 Comfortable working atmosphere
Economical Advantages:
 Low cost raw material
 Long term production advantages
 Alternative income from agricultural field

5. 5
Comparative properties of some natural fibers
with conventional man-made fibers
Fiber Density
(g/cm3)
Tensile
Strength (MPa)
Young’s
modulus
(GPa)
Elongation at
break (%)
Cotton
Jute
Flax
Hemp
Ramie
Sisal
PALF
Coir
E-Glass
S-Glass
Aramid
Carbon
1.5 – 1.6
1.3 – 1.45
1.50
---
1.50
1.45
---
1.15
2.5
2.5
1.4
1.7
287 - 800
287 - 800
345 – 1100
690
400 - 938
468 - 640
413 – 1627
131 - 175
2000 – 3500
4570
3000 – 3150
4000
5.5 - 12.6
13 – 26.5
27.6
---
61.4 - 128
9.4 – 22.0
34.5 - 82.51
4-6
70
86
63 – 67
230 – 240
7.0 - 7.8
1.16 - 1.5
2.7 - 3.2
1.6
1.2 – 3.8
3 – 7
1.6
15 – 40
2.5
2.8
3.3 – 3.7
1.4 – 1.8

6. 6
Comparison of the price of synthetic and natural fibers
Fiber Carbon Steel Glass Sisal Jute Coir
Cost (US$/kg) 200 30 3.25 0.36 0.20 0.30

7. Production of Natural Fibers in comparison to glass fibers
Fiber Price in comparison
to glass fibers (%)
Production
(1000 tons)
Jute 18 3600
E- glass 100 1200
Flax 130 800
Sisal 21 500
Banana 40 100
Coir 17 100

8. Cost of waste management options in Germany, Belgium
and The Netherlands
Option Germany Belgium The
Netherlands
Composting 151 80 60
Incineration 486 110 135
Land filling 402 75 105

9. 9
Processing
Thermoplastics Thermoset
 Injection moulding
 Extrusion
 Compression moulding
 Mixer
 Express
 Pultrusion
 RTM
 SMC
 BMC
Hand lay up

10. Two stage Process - compound &
shaping
Two Extruders in tandem Twin screw
Compounding and shaping
Extrusion of NFCs

11. Extrusion:
Lathe machineTwin-screw Haake extruder

12. Compression moulding:
Cylinder compression mouldingCompression moulding for foaming

13. Machinery For NF PP Composites
For Industrial Production

14. Manufacturing NF / PP Composites
Extruder

15. 15
Applications
 Automotive applications
 Building applications
 Furniture & Panels
 Aeroplane applications
 Others

16. 16
Applications (automotive)
Automotive instrument panel, door in-liner

17. Sound resistance
Roofing
Water resistance
Siding/Clading

18. 18

19. 19
Chemical structure of Cellulose

20. Methods of Surface modifications
Physical method
 Corona treatment
 Cold plasma treatment
 Stretching
 Calendaring
 Thermo treatment
Chemical method
 Change of surface tension
 Impregnation of fibre
 Mercerisation
 Chemical coupling

21. Methods of Surface modifications
Physical method
 Corona treatment
 Cold plasma treatment
 Stretching
 Calendaring
 Thermo treatment
Chemical method
 Change of surface tension
 Impregnation of fibre
 Mercerisation
 Chemical coupling

22. Coupling Agent (reaction)

23. Methods of modifications

24. Reaction with MAH-PP

25. Mechanism

26. 26

27. Cellulose bond scission due to gamma radiation

28. 28
Radical and peroxide formation during gamma radiation

29. 29
Reaction between Jute and PP with the effect of gamma radiation

30. 30
Effect of gamma radiation on polypropylene

31. 31
SEM Pictures of Irradiate and
Un -irradiate jute

32.  Jute/Polymer corrugated sheet (Jutin)
 False sealing, Roof tile, kitchen sink
 Durable chair, table etc.
 Sanitary latrine accessories like slab, ring etc.
 Decorating materials
 Helmet, chest guard, leg guard etc.
Wide Range of Products Can be Made by Jute
Reinforced Polymer Composite

33. 33
Jute Reinforced Corrugated Sheet (JUTIN)
Jutin is an ideal material for roofing, and wall cladding.
Although the main application of these sheets in Bangladesh
is the covering of industrial buildings, they are equally
suitable for roofing residential houses, bungalows,
commercial buildings and godown sheds since of their
wonderful qualities.
These sheets could be used for hut making in coastal area
because of their saline resistant property.
Jutin may last as long as 100 years with normal conditions
provided fixing accessories match with the quality of the
sheets.

34. 34
Materials
 Resin
 Diluents
 Initiator
 Anti-bubbling agent
 Curing Agent
 Coupling Agent
 Pigment
 Hessian Cloth
Preparation

35. 35
Jutin Fabrication
R Resin
Diluents Anti-bubbling agent Pigment
Initiator
Curing Agent
Coupling Agent
Jute (Hessian Cloth)
JUTIN

36. 36
Flow Chart
→ →
↓
←←

37. 37
→ → →
→ → →
↓
←←←
↓

38. 38
→ →
Cutting

39. Effect of jute content on strength and modulus of untreated Jutin
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Jute content (%wt)
Strength(MPa)
TS BS
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Jute content (%wt)Modulus(GPa)
TM BM
Mechanical Properties

40. Effect of coupling and Curing agents on strength and modulus of Jutin
Treatment of jute fabrics :
• Curing Agents = Cobalt naphtha ate
• Coupling Agent = I
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Concentrations of I1
Strength(MPa)
TS BS
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Concentrations of I1
Modulus(GPa)
TM BM

41. Effect of UV - radiation on strength and modulus of untreated Jutin
20
30
40
50
60
0 100 200 300 400
Number of passes
Strength(MPa)
TS BS
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 100 200 300 400
Number of passes
Modulus(GPa)
TM BM
UV lamp = 2kW
Conveyer Speed = 4 m/min

42. Effect of UV – radiation + coupling agent on strength and modulus of
Jutin
80
100
120
140
160
0 100 200 300 400
Number of passes
Strength(MPa)
TS BS
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
0 100 200 300 400
Number of passes
Modulus(GPa)
TM BM

43. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
unt jute comp UV- tr jute comp (I+PO) tr jute comp UV + (I+PO) tr jute
comp
Types of sample
Charpyimpactstrength(kJ/m
2
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
UN UV CA UV+CA
Composites
Strengths(MPa)
TS BS
TS and BS of Jutin
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UN UV CA UV+CA
Composites
IS of Jutin
TM and BM

44. 44
Properties
Mechanical Properties:
 Tensile Strength:150 MPa
 Bending Strength: 165 MPa
 Impact Strength: 68 kJm-2
 Bending Modulus: 5.2 GPa
 Tensile Modulus: 6.5 GPa

45. Thermal Aging
Jutin Tensile Strength MPa
Normal 0 ºC
(15 days)
4 ºC
(15 days)
50ºC
(15 days)
70 ºC
(15 days)
3L
Jute
117 155
(21%)
122
(4%)
113
(-3%)
97
(-19%)
There is very negligible water up take (<1%) within 3 months
There is no change in Mechanical Properties within 3 months
Water Aging
Normal weathering Aging
The mechanical properties increased up to 7-10 % within 6
months and remain unchanged up to 12 months.

46. Effect of UV and Gamma Radiations
Items TS BS TM BM IS
UV GA UV GA UV GA UV GA UV GA
Resin 17 27 12 23 15 25 23 68
Jutin 13 16 9 12 22 44 19 38 14 53
Increase of Mechanical Properties (%)
Tensile Strength : 117 MPa
Bending Strength : 96 MPa
Impact Strength : 44 kJm-2
Bending Modulus : 4.5 GPa
Tensile Modulus : 4 GPa

47. Accelerated weathering aging
 To study the weathering effect on the mechanical
properties Jutin was exposed under simulated
weathering tester from Q-panel Co. (model QUV,
USA). The weathering testing was performed in
alternating cycles of sunshine over 4h (65º±2ºC)
and condensation for 2h (45º±2ºC). This aging test
was carried out for 600 h.
 Owing to this test the losses of mechanical
properties more or less zero up to 300 hours
and about 10% up to 600 h.

48. 48
Thermal conductivity of Jutin
 Jutin =0.05-0.07 W/(mK)
 Brick = 0.86 W/(mK)
 Concrete = 1.51 W/(mK)
 Iron = 58.15 W/(mK)
 Aluminum 250 W/(mK)
 Natural Fiber 0.13-0.17 W/(mK)
 USP = 0.17 W/(mK)
 It means that under the same conditions of
thickness and temperature, the transfer of hot air
through aluminum will be more than 5000 times
faster than through Jutin.
 For Iron 1200 times

49. 49
Applications
A model hut is being constructed with Jutin in AERE

50. 50
Screwing and Nailing

51. Components of Sanitary Latrine for Rural Areas
AERE- UNICEF
Partners
1. DPHE
2. DANIDA
3. WATER AID
4. AHASANIA MISSION
5. UNICEF
Total cost is about Ten to Twelve thousand Taka
Light
Durable
Easy transportation
Easy fabrication
Cost Effective
Hygienic
Environmental friendly

52. Ring for sanitary Latrine
Die
Casting
RingHalf ring

53. 53
Slab (Face and Rear Sides)
Slab (Face Side) Slab (Rear Side)

54. 54
Fixing of siphon in
Slab
Setting up Stab on Ring

55. View of complete latrine
Roof, fences and door shatter
of latrine will be made by Jutin

56. Other Products
kitchen sink made of jute/polymer composite
Roof tile
False sealing
Chair
School bench

57. 57
Cost Analysis
It is not easy to assess
the cost of Jutin at
presently state (lab-scale
production).
The estimate cost of
Jutin depends on
various factors, such as
thickness, mechanical
properties, fire resistant
etc.
Mechanical properties
depend on quality of
Hessian cloth and resin.
Cost of Jutin could be estimated
for 6’ X 2.5’ X 3mm (15sft) sheets
(3 layers of Hessian cloth).
Items Price (BDT)
Polymer 775.00
Jute 140.00
Other
Chemicals
100.00
Total A 1035.00
Labor 140.00
Utility 10.00
Total B 150.00
Total (A+B) 1185.00

58. 58
 Material cost per sft = 1035.00/15sft = 69.00
 Labor and utility cost per sft =150.00/15sft = 10.00
 Total cost per sft 3mm thick (3 layers) = 69.00+10.00
= 79.00
The cost is calculated on the MRP (market retail price) of
polymers, chemicals , jute. The price of bulk quantity would be
less and lesser.
Example:
 The price of resin 220.00/kg up to 20kg;
 155.00/kg (one drum 225 kg);
 135.00 /kg (>20 drums)
 International price = $/kg
 For Industrials scale production, cost will be Tk 35-40/sft

59. 59
Comparison of Prices (Approximately )
Price per sft in taka.
Metal Metal
color
Glass Fiber
3mm, color
PVC/ PP
2mm color
Jutin 3mm
color
52-67 65-80 130-220 >90.00 79.00
Tensile Strength MPa
Metal Metal
color
Glass Fiber
3mm, color
PVC/ PP
2mm color
Jutin 3mm
color
90-100 8-25 140-150>
Comparison of TS (Approximately )

60. 60
For metal corrugated sheets:
 all the components are imported
 Use of huge amount of foreign currency
 High initial investment for land, infrastructure,
machineries electricity, water and gas
connection
 Needs skilled manpower (Engineers, Machine
man) as well as non skilled ones.
 Needs maintainining
 Process is not environmental friendly

61. 61
For Jutin
 35-40 % jute is used, Use of jute will be increased
 Very low initial investment
 Even no need of permanent infrastructure, it could be
prepared at the side of demand
 No machineries are required
 Water and gas supply are not required
 Electricity and water for daily life.
 No skilled manpower required, even rural women can
make Jutin
 Process is environmental friendly

62. 62
Qualities & Advantages
 Durable
 Rust proof
 Saline resistant
 Higher mechanical properties
 Light weight
 Heat resistant
 Sound proof
 Environmental friendly
 Easy process for preparation
 even rural men/women can prepare
 preparation process is also environmental friendly
 Need no extra equipment
 Economic impact for the country

63. Economic growth will be increased
in two ways:
 Reduction of foreign currency use and
use of jute will be increased
 Job of unskilled labors (Rural women)
will be increased.

64. MoSAN, The Mobile Sanitary Latrine
64
A Joint Venture Approach of Bangladesh
Atomic Energy Commission and GIZ
It is mobile, separation based and easy to clean or reuse
Especially designed

65. 65
Very suitable for physically challenged and older women
Do not requires any infrastructure
Prepared by jute reinforced polymer composite
Environment friendly materials
Can be prepared manually
Very light weight and durable

66. PATENT

67. A glimpse of success
 Winner: Global Health Prize
 Global Social Entrepreneurship
Competition
 Foster School of School, University of
Washington
 And Microsoft Corporation, Seattle, USA
Champion: Africa-Asia Region Finals
Global Social Venture Competition
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, India
Final, University of California, Berkeley,
USA, April 2012

68. Champion
Al-Gore Sustainable Technology
Venture Competition
IIT, Madras, India
Winner
Spaandan-B Business Plan
Competition, Bangladesh
1st Runner-up
HSBC Young Entrepreneur
Award 2011, Bangladesh Region
Global Semifinalist
Global Innovation through
Science and Technology
MIT, Boston, USA, June 2012

69. Newspaper Coverage

70. Newspaper Coverage

71. Newspaper Coverage

72. Newspaper Coverage

73. A typical plant layout

74. DETERMINATION OF PRODUCT COSTS
Using a very simple formula, it is possible to estimate the cost of different blends of natural fiber-polypropylene
pellets.
$/lb = [P(X) + F(Y) + C]E
Where: $/lb is the product cost in dollars per pound,
P is the percent of plastic in composite,
X is the estimated cost of the plastic in cents per pound,
F is the percent of agro-based fiber in the composite pellet,
Y is the estimated cost of the agro-based fiber filler in cents per pound,
C is the cost of compounding in cents per pound, and
E is the efficiency of operation
If P = 70%: X = 0.50: F = 30%; Y = 0.03; C = 0.20, and E = 1
Then $/lb is $0.559
If P = 60%; X = 0.50; F = 40%; Y = 0.03; C = 0.20, and E = l
Then $/lb is $0.512
If P = 50%; X = 0.50; F = 50%; Y = 0.03; C = 0.20, and E = 1
Then $/lb is $0.465
If P = 40%: X = 0.50; F = 60%; Y = 0.03; C = 0.20, and E = 1
Then $/lb is $0.418

75. Technology Status of NFCs
Market Potential
•Global market size : 620,000MT in 2005
•Expected Volume : More than double in 2010

76. Concluding Remarks
 Both the government and industries should take initiatives to look for
new opportunities and new ventures to make the jute economy
dynamic and sustainable.
 There should be initiatives on the part of scientific communities as
well as in converting the scientific developments in business
activities.
 Assured uninterrupted supply of feedstock is an essential factor in
making investments in an industry for commercial uptake of any new
technology/process.
 In order to address the issue of repositioning of jute not only as the
natural packaging material but also as the preferred and versatile fiber
for diverse uses including industrial application, focused market
promotion with dissemination of consistent and reliable information,
properties and performance along with potential applications of jute
amongst users and producers on a global scale is essential.

77. Questions & Recommendations
Thanks for your kind attention