Module 7- First Aid

1. Module 7
Bones, Joints, Muscle
Injuries
TR 7-1

2. Module 7
Bones, Joints, Muscle injuries
Objectives:
Knowledge objectives:
After completing this module, participants will be able to -
2. Identify the different injuries related to bones, joint & muscle.
3. Enumerate & explain the First Aid Management of each injury
1. Discussed the Musculoskeletal System and its functions.
TR 7-2

3. Skill Objective:
Demonstrate the proper application of immobilization with
the use of wooden / improvised splints and triangular
bandage
TR 7-3
4. Enumerate and discuss the principles of immobilization

4. TR 7-4
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries
The human body is a well designed system in which form,
upright posture, and Movement are provided by the
musculoskeletal system.
This system also protects the vital internal organs of
the body.

5. Bones – Is a living tissue containing large amount of
calcium and phosphorus; these minerals make it hard,
rigid and strong.
Joints - A joint is a place at which one bone meets
another. In a few joints (immovable joints), the bone
edges firmly together or are fused.
TR 7-5
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

6. Muscles
Three types of Muscles
1. Skeletal Muscles
2. Smooth Muscles
3. Cardiac Muscles
TR 7-7
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

7. TR 7-8
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

8. Muscle Injuries
• Muscle Cramps
• Muscle Strain
• Sprain
TR 7-9
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

9. 1. Muscle cramp or spasm
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries
TR 7-10
Is the sudden, painful tightening of a muscle due to
prolong use, are common in legs, abdomen, back, or any
muscle that is over used.
First Aid
1. Have the patient stretch out he affected muscle to
counteract the cramp.
2. Massage the cramped muscle firmly but gently.
3. Cold application over affected muscle
4. Get medical help if cramps persist.

10. TR 7-11
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

11. 2. Muscle strain or pulled muscle
Is a painful tearing of muscle fiber due to stretching
Beyond its normal range or when cold/tight muscle is
suddenly exerted
First Aid
1. Apply cold compresses at once.
2. Elevate the limb to reduce swelling and
bleeding with in the muscle. Rest the pulled
muscle for 24 hours.
3. Get medical help.
TR 7-12
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

12. 3. Sprain
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries
TR 7-13
Is an injury in which ligaments are stretched and partially
or completely torn. Usually from the sudden twisting of the
Joint beyond its normal range of motion.
First Aid
1. Remove any clothing or jewelry from around the joint.
2. Apply cold compresses at once.
3. Elevate the affected joint with pillow or clothing.
4. Immobilize or splint the affected part.

13. 5. The patient’s physician may recommend an over
the counter anti-inflammatory medication
(aspirin, ibuprofen) appropriates for the victim’s
general health.
TR 7-14
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

14. Bones and Joints Injuries
• Dislocation
• Broken Bones
• Fractures
TR 7-15
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

15. Signs and symptoms
1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Misshapen Appearance
4. Loss of Function
TR 7-16
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries
4. Dislocation and Broken Bones or
Fracture
Dislocation is the displacement of a bone from its normal
position at a joint. While Broken bone is a break or disruption
in bone tissue.

16. First Aid Management
1. Stabilize the patient’s ABC.
2. Check the patient’s Pulse, Motor, and Sensory
before and after immobilization.
3. Keep the patient still.
4. Cover the wound with dressing to control bleeding
and prevent infection before immobilizing an
open fracture.
TR 7-17
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

17. 5. Immobilize the injury in the position which you
found it before applying cold compress for closed
fracture except for open fracture.
6. Take steps to prevent shock.
7. Get medical help.
TR 7-18
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries

18. TR 7-19
First Aid Visual Aids
Bones, Joints, and Muscle Injuries