Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
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Green and intelligent Buildings.pptx
1. What makes a
Building Green and
Intelligent
Jit Kumar Gupta
Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter, IGBC, Chandigarh
jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
2. Buildings- Role and Importance
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
Buildings -- would continue to define future journey of
human growth
Buildings-- constitute manmade environment-
Buildings-- remain vital for human growth
Buildings – are living organism
Buildings – cater to all human activities
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
3. Buildings- Role and Importance
Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings -- 80% human life spent in buildings
Buildings -- vital for – human beings & ecology
Buildings- needs to be made Sustainable
Buildings- must add value to resources, environment
Studies revealed —
A Green School-- makes learning easy and more
meaningful
A Green House--- makes people happy and healthy
A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall-- can increase sale / profits
Intelligent Buildings- improve operational efficiency of
green Buildings and improves productivity
4. Buildings- Built Environment
Architects & Engineers – Create Built Environment using;
--Siting
-- planning/ designing,
--construction,
--operation,
-- maintenance
--Demolition and
--Reconstruction
--Professionals play-critical role/ responsibility in making value
addition to;
-resources ,
--environment ,
--ecology by
-- creating sustainable built environment.
Opting for Green and intelligent Buildings - will ensure;
–- Reduced energy consumption, Reduced water consumption
Reduced resource consumption ; Reduced –waste generation
Making making buildings/ tomorrow more Sustainable
-Each building remains unique, --requires different options to make it
green and intelligent
6. Population Scenario- India-2011
Population of India reached
2011- 1210 million
2023- 1410 million
2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50% in
Urban India.
During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4 times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
Increased population requires
--More cities,
-More Buildings
More housing,
• More educational/ healthcare/ institutions
8. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming-- buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Annual addition of- 700-900msqmts
•-energy/ environment implications can be critical.
•Buildings -- designed /constructed/ operated
•- considering--- energy/ sustainability/resources
10. Need for Green Buildings
Looking at major implications of built environment
Buildings needs to be made;
- Sustainable/Energy efficient/Eco-friendly/ Water efficient
dynamic. operationally efficient --
Providers of;-- maximum
comfort, convenience, security, productivity, efficiency
For making buildings sustainable --new fields - “Green &
Intelligent Building" -- gaining momentum
large Reduction of Energy consumption/ Resources/ Green
house gas emission possible by;
Adopting integrated approach to creating built environment.
Evolving climatic responsive building designs
Using Energy efficient- low energy--Materials / Equipment/
Technologies.
Retro fitting of existing buildings
Using state of art soft and hard technologies; IoT; Cloud
Computing
--SDGs also calls for
- -Promoting Energy efficient buildings,
-Net Zero energy buildings and
- Green Rated & Intelligent Buildings
- should also include ;Making Building intelligent
19. Green Buildings – Definition
A Green Building is one which;
Uses less
Water
Optimizes
Energy
Efficiency
Conserves
natural
resources
Generates
less
waste
Provides
healthier
spaces
20. Green Building- Characteristics
Energy focused-efficiency in energy- Besides consuming
less Energy Buildings also produce Energy
Water focused—Ensures Conservation of water
Resource focused—Ensuring optimum use of Resources
Material-focused -Using materials that minimize
environmental impact .
Sustainability focused- Sustainability remains theme
while Designing buildings; undertaking Construction
Designed Focused- minimizes impact on environment.
Indoor air quality focused- Provide best possible indoor
air quality
Human focused- promote good health and promote
happiness for users
Site Focused- Causing minimum site disturbance
Durability focused- Remains durable.
Land Focused-- Remains Compact-saves/conserves land
25. In-tangible Benefits of
Environmental benefits
◦ Reduce impact on environment-- Reduce destruction of
natural areas, habitats, biodiversity
Health and Safety benefits
◦ Enhance occupant comfort-- Improve Productivity of
occupants
ISRO-NRSC, Shadnagar, Hyderabad
26. •i. Green Building helps in :
• ii. Up to 50% --saving in Energy
•iii. Up to 40%-- saving in Water consumption
•iv. 35% -- Reduction in carbon emission
•v Reduction of 8000-12000 Tons of Co2-- per million Sq. ft. of building
• vi saving of 3 MW --in connected electric load / million Sq ft building
• vii Reduction of 70% waste -- facilitate easy handling
•viii Reduced load-- on municipal water handling plants
•ix Enhance brand image--attracting national/international companies
•x Better returns due to higher rents
•xi Benefits to State :
•Reduction of electric demand– less production capacity
•- saving 21000- 27000 MW for new construction to be added
•Reduction in solid waste- less waste to be carried/dumped
•Reduction in water requirement- less water sourced/supplied/smaller
network – lower development cost Reduction in waste water
•Financial benefits, Environmental benefits, Social benefits
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS
29. Building Year
awarded
Built-in Area
(sq.ft)
Rating
Achieved
%
Increase
in cost
Payback
(Yrs)
CII-Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
ITC Green Centre,
Gurgaon
2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8 % 5 years
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years
Spectral Services
Consultants Office, Noida
2007 15,000 Platinum 8% 4 years
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Cost of Green Buildings-Indian Experience
Cost showing a decreasing trend over the years
Incremental Cost lower-- if base design has already factored normal Green features
30. Green Buildings- life cycle
costs
Operating Cost 89%
Maintenance/
Consumables 1%
Initial Cost
10%
33. Designing GreenBuildings
1--Adopting integrated approach to building design
2.--Design based on Climate
Macro Climate – Regional climate;
Meso Climate– local climate
Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
3.--Orientation -- to optimize natural light and heat gain/heat loss
4-- Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
5.--Wind direction---using movement of air for ventilation/ cooling
6. --Planning of Building-- to optimize site, shape of building, planning spaces,
allocating uses, placing of rooms, circulation, promoting building efficiency,
promoting natural sunlight, air /ventilation
7. --Designing Building Envelop--–positioning of openings & projections,
planning for shading devices, determining height/ shape of building, natural
lighting& ventilations etc
8.--Materials- Materials to be used for buildings- low embodied materials locally
available and in natural form, lightweight – reduce self load
9.--Technology- cost- effective, material efficient, speedier construction, energy
efficient
10.-Indoor Air Quality- Creating optimum living conditions for residents
34. Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)-
Supported by Technology
Prithvi (Earth) Site Selection and Planning
Jal (Water) Water Conservation
Agni (Fire) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight, Night Sky Pollution
Daylighting
Views
Water Body Local materials
37. Cost effective strategy for energy efficiency
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering
41. Water Efficiency- 4Rs- Refuse, Reduce, Recycle,
Reuse
Adopting Strategies for – Using efficient technogies for
Slow the flow/ breaking water /water conservation/RW
Harvesting/Ground water charging/ multiple use of water
Designing for dual plumbing-- using recycled water for
toilet flushing / gray water system that recovers
rainwater or other non-potable water for site irrigation.
Minimizing wastewater-- use ultra low-flush toilets, low-
flow shower heads/ water conserving fixtures.
Using Re-circulating systems for centralized hot water
distribution.- using technology
Installing point-of-use hot water heating systems-- for
more distant locations.
Metering water use – both for domestic/ landscape
separately- Monitoring water consumption level
-- Promoting micro-irrigation /sprinklers / high-pressure
sprayer-- to supply water in non-turf areas.
Involving communities --Through education /incentives
Promoting Green /intelligent Buildings as a Brand
44. Green Materials
Materials --for green building are ;
--obtained from natural, renewable sources
--managed / harvested in a sustainable way;
-- obtained locally-- to reduce embedded
energy costs of transportation; or
-- salvaged from reclaimed materials at
nearby sites.
-- Materials assessed using green
specifications
-- looking at Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
--- embodied energy, durability, recycled
contents , waste minimisation, and
51. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants –
Air Purifiers
54. Intelligent Buildings- definition
Intelligent buildings are defined as;
-- buildings which use
--technology /complex automated systems for;
- Making informed decisions regarding;
- Reducing Energy Consumption/
- Reducing usage of water
- Consuming less resources
-Generating less waste
-Optimising operational efficiency of building
-- Improving well-being of occupants
– making working /living better & easier
-Help- create efficient / sustainable workplaces
-- Bringing flexibility in built environment;
-Optimising Available Spaces
Optimising -- available resources
- Improving; -- human Comfort, Convenience,
- promoting-- safety /Security Productivity of occupants
- Provide powerful resource for creating efficient/
sustainable workplaces
55. Context of Intelligent Buildings
An intelligent building ;
- creates digital environment
-- combining technologies -- IoT, cloud
computing, AI, augmented reality-,
brings other systems into one platform
which makes buildings
--thinks for itself
-- does things before you ask,
-- anticipates your needs
-- helping what is required to be done
- Creating efficient workplaces
56. Context of Intelligent Buildings
--Creating sustainable Workplaces
- Creating supportive Environment
--where building reacts to occupants
--rather than occupants reacting to Building.
-Minimising human involvement with
buildings
--Each intelligent building remains unique
– Countless applications exist
- based on technology.
--Most designers focus on;
- energy efficiency , safety,Security or
-- employee productivity.
63. Elements of smart building infrastructure
:
1.Sensors-- IoT Smart building sensors- to collect data
Sensors collects /aggregates details of -- use of space; energy ;‘ resources;
internal / external temperatures, light levels, room occupancy /air quality;
levels of carbon monoxide, humidity or particle pollution within workplace.-
2. Analytics --for intelligent building systems
Analytics enable facility managers to monitor--- sensor data -- helpful in
identifying abnormal behavior/ long-term trends or changes.
3. Smart building products and devices
physical hardware/ software-- used in smart buildings for --monitoring
heating, lighting, air quality or ventilation, security and safety systems;
access control systems or fire alarms.
4. Processors and servers
for automate changes in intelligent building components- hosted on servers
in building / cloud. A cloud-enabled system offers greater flexibility- manage
system via mobile devices from any location
5. Intelligent building networks
-Because IoT devices use the Internet to transmit data,
- need Reliable, high-speed / strong network - key to smart building design
/ implementation. connect /transmit data and processors to send signals that
trigger changes in building spaces without interruption or delay.
64. Intelligent Buildings Essentials
Intelligent buildings require;--Reliable internet connectivity;
-- to leverage IoT capabilities
-- Architect need to ensure maximize coverage within
building,
-- Avoid too many small sub-division of internal space-
hampering internet connectivity
--avoid using building materials which block signals
- Integrating various building systems- security, safety,
energy, lighting, HVAC, mechanical mobility
Include an innovative wiring system
-Optimized maintenance
-have contingencies - for meeting emergencies.
Using – most reliable infrastructure --for bringing various
systems together.
For Upgrading building/ designing a facility - extensive
wiring plans remain intelligent choice
66. Intelligent Buildings- Benefits
Smart technologies / systems not free.
-Involve significant investment,
Provide enormous cost savings by:
• -Decreasing inefficiencies
• Reducing energy use
• Saving time/ manpower for maintenance staff
• Ensuring repairs before- become problems
• Decreasing wear / tear on systems
• Lengthening lifetime of all automated systems
• Increased facility management /productivity
• Data-driven maintenance contracts/decision making
• Creating ability- to validate work / making
payment
• making occupants Happy,
• Attract high-quality tenants.
• Makes assets more invaluable
67. Intelligent Buildings- Advantages
Intelligent Buildings helps in; - Making Buildings more Sustainable/ livable
-Improving further operational efficiency of buildings
Making buildings more cost-effective
--Promoting higher order of energy efficiency--- by adjusting climate controls based
on occupants in a given space.
- Workspace lighting may activate when a desk is in use and
-- switch off once everyone leaves.
--Promoting greater water conservation
-Reducing generation of waste
- Further Reducing Carbon footprints
-- Creating more Healthy Environment
--Creating better workplace experience --Empowering employees- Tracking occupancy
-- Increasing productivity-- Driving business success.
--Streamlining facilities management--Automating day-to-day operations
--Reducing operational costs – promoting remote maintenance
increase property value
-- Predict maintenance issues---Navigate social distancing
Provide new tenant experience
68. Opportunities / Benefits - intelligent
building
• Efficient buildings more sustainable.
• - 40% of world’s carbon emissions come from buildings.
• - IoT sensors, help save 800 tonnes of carbon dioxide/ year; on
HVAC alone.
• Healthy employees are more productive and more loyal.
• - Covid, Infogrid research- show 61% employees feel more
comfortable; if quality of indoor air monitored / maintained.
• employees feel safe /supported/work better, too.
• - improved air quality can improve employee productivity by as much
as 8%
• --Employees feel healthy -- more loyal,
• Do away with manual maintenance processes.
• - eliminate manual maintenance
• -- Control all services aspects of building requiring maintenance,
• - help to free up your staff -- saves both time and money.
• - In London, smart solutions saved a theatre 2,000 labour hours in a
year.
• Efficient buildings are most cost effective. Smart solutions;
• - save you money over time.
• - make building more efficient,
70. Factors driving intelligent building
Facto increasing adoption of IoT smart building solutions;
1.Rising energy costs
2 Changing occupancy levels — remote / hybrid working –
varying occupancy levels – help managers using technology to
minimize use of resources / spaces -when not occupied.
3. Demand for healthy building environments — Occupants of
Buildings-- expect safe, healthy environment.
• - ensure air quality/ temperatures at optimum level,
4. Extreme/fast changing weather conditions —- buildings
need to adapt internal environment to changing temperatures /
extreme weather conditions - using energy more efficiently.
5. Availability of smart building products — artificial
intelligence helps analyze building sensor data/ provide faster/
more accurate response to specific events
6 Open systems — - smart infrastructure integrates intelligent
building components-. easier for smart building designers to
integrate components- for a seamless solution managed on
a single dashboard.
72. intelligent building-- capabilities
Each intelligent building - unique in its own right,-Have
countless possible applications for technology
Setting smart thermostat to turn on A/C- when temp.
rises above 72°F for optimizing heating / cooling cost
Using motion sensors - for trigger lights in less-
trafficked hallways to save energy;
Installing access control system-- to improve building
security and restrict access;
Managing connected facilities-- through a Building
Information Modeling (BIM) system;
Promoting Efficiency metric in facilities management;
Evaluating efficiency of space utilization
Motion sensor can promote lights efficiency
73. Intelligent Buildings-capability
Intelligent Buildings Known to provide; -
comfort, convenience, security, productivity,
efficiency
• Make you Warm- when cold outside or Cool -
when hot
• Provide lighting- to complete tasks /move safely
around building
• Have sufficient power; for using devices
• Have acceptable network connectivity-- for
accessing internet/ corporate system
• Providing comfortable/safe surroundings- for
work
• Providing secure environment in building /while
traveling
• Increasing Productivity
74. Intelligent Buildings-capability
intelligent buildings empower occupants
/owners/tenants
Adjusting lighting / temperature of a room- Using
smartphone app
Finding convenient parking spot,
Locating workspace –matching personal
preferences
Making workspaces-healthier, safer, more
functional.”
Improving indoor quality in rooms – monitoring
CO2- controlled ventilation,.
--Increasing rental price
-Generating more profit for building owners.
Acting as one “brain,”-- producing data for
measuring, recording, / analyzing building/service
performance
--using insights to improve services
operation/performance,
--lowering cost of operations /maintenance,
-- Generating higher satisfaction ratings among
tenants
75. Valuable Solutions
• 1.Smart lighting solutions-- use sensors to turn lights on or off in line with occupancy.
--integrated with automated blinds or daylight sensors to maximize levels of natural
light and reduce lighting costs-. In a commercial smart building, the intelligent lighting
solution would be programmed to minimize non-safety lighting outside normal
business hours. In a multi-unit residential smart building, lighting would only be
adjusted in public or common areas in line with ambient light conditions or safety and
security requirements. Some multi-unit buildings might also provide smart building IoT
solutions for individual units.
• 2.Smart HVAC-- systems automate control of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems--, adjusting temperatures in line with occupancy levels,--
prevailing temperatures and weather forecasts to manage energy consumption and
ensure a comfortable environment.
• 3. Smart windows lighten or darken in response to the intensity of sunlight intensity
can help reduce the load on lighting and HVAC systems and reduce glare.
• 4. Meeting room booking systems-- synchronize room management systems with
employees’ calendars, internal meeting schedules and planned customer visits to give
facility managers full visibility of space availability. Integrating booking systems with
smart environmental controls and access control ensures that light, air conditioning
and heating systems are only active when a room is occupied, and that only those who
have booked a space are able to access the building.
• 5. Desk management software is essential for hybrid offices where demand for
workspaces varies from day to day. Employees can book workspaces in advance for
planned visits or search for vacant desks if they have to make an unexpected visit.
Integrated with intelligent access control, this IoT building automation only allows entry
on the days and times of an approved reservation.
• 6.Preventative maintenance systems use powerful analytics and artificial
intelligence on system data to detect abnormal patterns in system performance and
issue maintenance alerts. Facility management staff can remediate problems before
they can cause outages or downtime, supported by smart building software and smart
building apps which can help provide additional information on system performance
77. Retrofitting a non-intelligent
building
Ask for expert advice. :
• Understand intelligent systems.
• - IoT and AI solutions aren’t complex
• - easy to use
• – requiring simple technical skill.
• Put total value to these upgrades.
• - Knowing how much smart technology will save you
over time
• -conduct cost-benefit analysis.
• Identify low-hanging fruit.
• - identify solutions - quicker / easier to implement
than others. - don’t need to do everything at once;
• - transition to an intelligent building-- can be phased
• Install small and discreet sensors.
• - sensors small and discreet,
• - unlikely to notice them at all
• -. Aesthetic unaffected affected by modern upgrades.
78. Bahrain World Trade Center -
Bahrain
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways
79. Apple Park - Cupertino
• Apple Corporate headquarters hold 12,000 employees
• one of the most energy-efficient buildings in world.
• Temperature regulated with high tech ventilation--
tubes laid in ceilings & floors for cooling
81. How to Make Intelligent Building
Adopting state of Art Building Automation Technologies -- in
Planning, Designing, Management , Automation of building
Embedding technology -in building use and operation
Integrating all ervices – bringing them on same platform –
making them operate-in collaboration and/co-operation
Adopting Technology for --Site /Site Planning
Adopting Technology for - Design Solution
Adopting Intelligent approach to-- Energy used
Safeguarding- Water resources using technology
Managing -- Waste ;
Maximising –Reuse of waste
Using Materials– local, More durable- generating less waste
Keeping Environment-- Green
Creating Structures- Lean, Smart, Resilient and flexible
Exploring-- potential of ICT
Considering building-- in terms of life-cycle cost- not initial
cost
Using technology for Lowering- environmental impacts of
buildings
82. ‘A Green and Intelligent building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More Productive,
Provides highest quality of indoor environment ;safety and security
- Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
- Minimizes Carbon Footprints
- Makes building operations simple, technology driven,
- cost effective and Energy efficient.
Makes business sense and Create win-win situation for
- owners, tenants, occupants, Community, place and environment
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’