Making a Research Report

1. by: Janet Brigida A. Catipon
MAE-Chemistry, BSU
MHS Science 9 Teacher

2. • The process of gathering data or information to solve
a particular or specific problem in a scientific manner.
(Manuel and Medel p.5)

3.  Recognizing /Selecting the problem or topic
 Forming a hypothesis
 Doing the Library search
 Designing the study
 Developing the instruments for collecting data
 Collecting the data
 Analyzing the data
 Determinign Implications and conclusions from the
findings
 Making recommendations (for further research)

4.  The problem or topic must be chosen by the researcher.
 It must be within the interest of the researcher.
 It must be within the specialization of the researcher.
 It must be within the competence of the researcher to
tackle.
 It must be within the ability of the researcher to finance.
 It is researchable and manageable.
 It can be completed w/in a reasonable period of time
unless it is a longitudinal research.
 It is significant, important, and relevant to the present
time.

5.  The results are practical and implementable.
 It requires original, critical, and reflective thinking to
solve it.
 It can be delimited to suit the resources of the
researcher.
 It must contribute to the national development goals for
the improvement of human life.
 It must contribute to the fund of human knowledge.
 It must show or pave the way for the solution of the
problem intended to be solved.
 It must not undermine the moral and spiritual values of
the people.

6.  It must not advocate any change in the present order of
things by means of violence but by peaceful means.
 There must be a return of some kind of the researcher.
 Enhance prestige and reputation.
 Satisfaction of intellectual curiosity and interest., and
being able to discover truth.
 There must be a consideration of the hazards involve.

7.  It is formulated before the start of the research work.
 It must contain the subject matter of the study, the locale of the
study, the population involved, and the period when the data
were gathered or will be gathered.
 It must be broad enough to include all aspects of the subject
matter, studied or to be studied.
 It must be as brief and concise as possible.
 Avoid using terms like “An Analysis of”, “A Study of”, An
Investigation of, and the like.
 If the title contains more than one line, it must be written like an
inverted pyramid.
EXAMPLE :
THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE 9 IN MACABEBE HIGH
SCHOOL OF PAMPANGA AS PERCEIVED BY THE SCIENCE
TEACHERS AND STUDENTS DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR
2014-2015.

8. 1. Introduction
2. Statement of the Problem
3. Hypotheses
4. Significance of the Study
5. Definition of Terms
6. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
7. Conceptual Framework

9. It covers the following:
1. Presentation of the Problem
2. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem
that needs a solution.
3. Rationale of the Study
4. Historical background of the problem.
5. A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a
situation, circumstance, or phenomenon.
6. A desire to find a better way of doing something or of
improving a product.
7. A desire to discover something.
8. Geographical conditions of the study locale.
9. A link between between the introduction and the statement of
the problem.

10.  The General Problem and the Specific Problem
Example:
General Problem:
To investigate all aspects of the teaching of Science 9 in
Macabebe High School of Pampanga during the school
year 2014-2015
Specific Problems:
 Is there any significant difference between the
perceptions of the science 9 teachers and those of the
students concerning the different aspects in the
teaching of science 9?
 How effective are the methods and strategies used by
the Science 9 teachers?

11. Hypothesis is a tentative conclusion or answer to a
specific raised at the beginning of the investigation.
 Null and Alternative (Operational) Hypotheses
Ho = Null Form ( negative form)
Ha = Alternative or Operational Form (affirmative
form)
Example:
Perceptions of the Science 9 teachers and those of the students
concerning the different aspects in the teaching Ho = There is no
significant difference between the of Science 9.

12.  Ha = There is a significant difference between the
perceptions of the Science 9 teachers and those of the
students concerning the different aspects in the teaching
of Science 9

13. 1. Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or
unique meanings in the study are defined.
2. Terms should be defined operationally, i.e, how they are
used in the study.
3. The researcher may develop his own definition from the
characteristics of the term defined.
4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books,
magazine and newspaper articles, dictionaries, and other
publications.
5. Definitions should be as brief, clear and unequivocal as
possible.
6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it
is not commonly known.

14. It should include the following:
1. A brief statement of the general purpose of the study.
2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed.
3. The locale of the study
4. The population from which the respondents selected.
5. The period of the study, time during which the data
were gathered.

15. This scheme is a tentative explanation or theoretical
explanation of the problem and serve as the basis for
the formulation of research hypotheses.
1. It becomes the central theme, the focus, the main
thrust of the study.
2. It serves as guide in conducting the investigation.
3. It is presented in Paradigm, as few researcher endeavor
to include explanation of the conceptual framework.
Paradigm is a diagrammatic representation of a
conceptual framework.

16. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
A. Characteristics of the Materials Cited – it
must be:
1. Recent as possible
2. Objective and unbiased as possible
3. Relevant to the Study
4. Not too few but not too many

17. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
B. Ways of Citing Related Literature and Studies
1. By author or writer
Example:
According to Enriquez, praise helps much in Learning, etc. Etc.¹
Footnote:
¹Pedro Enriquez. The Dynamics of Teaching & Learning. Manila:
Canlaon Publishing Company., Inc. , 1981, p.102.
2. By topic
Example:
It has been found out that praise is an important aid in the learning of the children¹
Footnote:
¹Pedro Enriquez. The Dynamics of Teaching & Learning. Manila:
Canlaon Publishing Company., Inc. , 1981, p.102 and Juan Maglaque,
“Factors Affecting Children’s Learning in Pagasa Dictrict”.
(Unpublished Master’s Thesis, San Gregorio College, San Gregorio
City, 1984). (Note: these are fictitious name)

18. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
B. Ways of Citing Related Literature and Studies
or using the commonly used APA Citation in Papers today,
It has bee found out that praise is an important aid in the learning
of children (Enriquez, 1981 and Maglaque, 1984)
3. Chronological – Materials which were written first earlier should be
cited first before those which were written later. This can be done
especially when the citation is by author or writer. If citation is by
topic, chronological citation can be done in the footnote.
C. What to cite
Only major findings, ideas, generalizations, principles, or
conclusions in related materials relevant to the problem under
investigation should be discussed in this chapter.

19. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
D. Quoting a Material
A material may be quoted if the idea conveyed is so perfectly stated
or it is controversial and it is not too long.
Example:
Suppose the following is a quotation: Said Enriquez,
Praise is an important factor in children’s ;earning. It
encouraged them to study their lessons harder. Praise, however,
should be given very appropriately.²