It is the presentation explaining the era of education from 712-AD to on wards in sub continent and also highlighting the education period from 1947 to till today in Pakistan.

1. Welcome to my
presentation

2. Submitted to: Mam Faiza Abdul Hafeez
Submitted by : Laiba Arshad
Roll no : 95
Subject: Fundamentals of Education
Topic
Historical development of education in Pakistan

3. Content :
 Historical development of education in Pakistan
 Pre Pakistan period from 712 A.D to onwards
 Period from 1947 to 1956
 Period from 1956 to 1971
 Period from 1972 to till today
 Implementation of policies
 Steps to improve educational system

4. Pre Pakistan period
 Early Periods (712 A.D. - 1206 A.D.):
Arab Influence: With the arrival ofArabs in Sindh in the early 8th century, Islamic
teachings and schools (madrasas) began to emerge, contributing to the spread of Arabic
language and Islamic education in the region.
Persian and Islamic Scholarship: During the Ghaznavid and Ghurid periods, Persian
language and literature gained prominence, fostering centers of learning and attracting
scholars to the region.
 Mughal Period (1526 A.D. - 1707 A.D.)
Mughal Patronage: The Mughal rulers, particularly Akbar, promoted education and
established centers of learning (madrasas and educational institutions), encouraging Persian
and Arabic studies, mathematics, astronomy, and religious studies.
Development of Persian Literature: Flourishing of Persian literature and arts, with
significant contributions by poets and scholars.

5. Pre Pakistan period:
 Colonials era
British introduced Western-styleeducation through the establishment of modern
schools, colleges, and universities based on British educational models.
- Wood's Despatch (1854): The Wood's Despatch aimed to reformeducation in
India by emphasizing the need for primary education, female education, and
English language instruction.
- Role of Missionaries and PrivateInstitutions: Missionary schools and private
institutions played a role in education,providing English-medium education and
promoting Western knowledge.
All-India Muslim EducationalConference:Theconference,established in the late
19th century, advocated for Muslim education and led to the establishment of
Aligarh Muslim University in 1875, promotingmodern education among Muslims

6. Per Pakistan period:
 Impact of Partition (1947)
- The partition of British India in 1947 led to the creation of Pakistan as an independent
nation, resulting in the reformation of educational systems and institutions to align with
the new nation's educational policies and cultural identity.
Throughout these historical periods, education in the region witnessed diverse
influences—Arab, Persian, Mughal, and British—that shaped its development and laid the
groundwork for the educational system in Pakistan as it exists today.

7. Period from 1947 to 1956
 First Educational conference 1947:
The first national educational conference was held at Karachi from
November 27th to December 1st , 1947 . In the supervision of
Quaid e Azam .
 Education conference was presided by Fazal ur Rehman

8. Period from 1947 to 1956:

9. Period from 1947 to 1956
1947-1949 Education Policy: The governmentformulated the Education Policy
of 1947-49, which aimed to establish a uniform system of education and
introduced measures for expandingeducational facilities.
1950 Education Conference: The Second Education Conferencein 1950
focused on the importance of universal primary education and vocational training.
1952 Education Policy: The Education Policy of 1952 emphasized the need for
educational reform,including the improvementof primary and secondary
education, curriculum development,and teacher training.
1956 Constitution: The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan recognized education as
a provincial subject, giving provincesmore controlover education policies and
implementation

10. Period from 1956 to 1972
 National educational commission 1959:
 The commission was addressed by president of
Pakistan General MohammadAyub Khan on January
5 , 1959..
 In this commission compulsory education of 10
Years was made .
 Religious education was
Made compulsory.

11. Period from 1956 to 1972 :
1957 Commission on National Education: A commission was formed in
1957 to recommend measures for improving education in Pakistan. The
commission's report highlighted the importanceof improvingaccess to
education, teacher training, and curriculum development.
Role of PrivateSector: During this period, the private sector also played a
significant role in expanding educational opportunities, especially at the
higher education level.
1958 Education Policy The Education Policy of 1958 was aimed at developinga
national system of education that integrated religious and modern education. It
proposed reformsin curriculum developmentand teacher training.
It's important to note that while these policies and efforts aimed to improve
education in Pakistan, many challenges remained, such as disparities in access to
education, the quality of education, and the rural-urban divide.

12. Period from 1956 to 1972

 Military Rule (1958-1971) In 1958, GeneralAyubKhanseized power in a militarycoup,
leadingto a decadeof militaryrule in Pakistan.Thisperiodsaw centralizedauthority,which
affected variousaspectsof governance,includingeducation.
 1962 Constitution: Pakistanadopteda new constitution in 1962,whichfurther
centralizedpower.Thefederal governmentgainedmorecontrolover educationpoliciesand
funding,leadingto a more centralizededucationsystem.
 Education Reforms: The governmentunderAyubKhanimplemented variouseducation
reforms. These included the"BasicDemocracies"system,whichaimed to decentralizesome
aspectsof educationadministration,andthe "ObjectiveResolution" thatemphasizedthe
importance ofIslamic education.
 1967 Education Commission : The CommissiononNational Education(alsoknownas
the SharifCommission)wasestablishedin1967. It recommendedseveralreforms,including
the promotionof vocationalandtechnicaleducation.

13. Period from 1972 to onwards
 New education policy
The revised proposal were reviewed by the committee of the cabinet in the light
of implications of the announcement by president in his address to the nation on
November 28 , 1969.
 The new education policy was finally adopted by the cabinet on March 26
,1970

14. Period from 1972 to onwards
 The new education policy has following salient features :
 Emphasis on ideological orientation
 Emphasis on science and technology education
 Decentralizations of education administration
 Eradication of illiteracy
 Formation of national educational units
The other main events of historical development of education in
Pakistan in this period are
 Education Policy 1979 This policy aimed to promoteIslamic education and
introduced measures to Islamize the curriculum, particularly in higher
education institutions. It emphasized moral and ethical values aligned with
Islamic teachings.

15. Period from 1972 to onwards
Education Policy 1992: Focused on improving the quality of education,
modernizing curriculum content, and expanding access to higher education. It
aimed to address issues related to equity, quality, and relevance of education.
National Education Policy 1998-2010 This policy focused on decentralization of
education, improving curriculum standards, promoting technical and vocational
education, and enhancing female education and gender equity.
Education Sector Reforms 2001 Introduced to address challenges in the education
system, these reforms aimed at improving governance, teacher training,
curriculum development, and assessment practices.
National Education Policy 2009 Emphasized the importance of education for
national development, aimed at achieving the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), and focused on improving access, quality, and relevance of education at
all levels.

16. Period from 1972 to onwards
National educational policy 1992
 A national conference was held at Islamabad in April , 1991 under
this chairmanship of Federal Education minister
 In this conference scholars , writers , newspapers editors , scientists ,
Teachers , and lawyers , proposal for preparing the educational policy.
 The policy frameworks was discussed by the Education Minister with
the education committees of the Senate and the National Assembly.
 The policy was announced in December 1992 .
 The major aspects, aims and goals of educational policy are
1. Promotion of Islamic values through education
2. Improvement in women education.

17. Period from 1972 to onwards
 Range of general and technology education at secondary level .
 Demand oriented curriculum
 Expanded span of graduation and post graduation
 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of
literacy
National Education policy 1998 to 2010 :
 Prime Minister advised the Ministry of education to design a new
education policy in January 1998
 The first revised drafts was submitted to cabinet on 18 February,
1998
 The policy was announced in March 1998 .

18. Implementation of policies:
.
 Implementation Issues Despite the formulation of comprehensive
policies, their effective implementation often fell short due to various
reasons such as lack of funding, insufficient administrative capacity,
and inadequate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
 Resource Constraints Inadequate allocation of funds and resources
hindered the execution of policies. Insufficient budgets affected
infrastructure development, teacher training, and the provision of
educational materials, impacting the quality of education.
 . Political Instability Periods of political instability and changes in
government often resulted in disruptions to educational policies,
leading to inconsistency and lack of continuity in implementation

19. Implementation of policies:
 Quality of Education: While policies aimed at expanding access, the
quality of education remained a significant challenge. Overcrowded
classrooms, a shortage of qualified teachers, outdated curriculum,
and inadequate facilities affected the learning outcomes
 Socio-cultural Challenges: Societal norms, cultural barriers, and
disparities based on gender and socio-economic status continued to
hinder educational reforms. These barriers sometimes conflicted with
policy objectives, making implementation difficult
 .Inequities and Disparities: Disparities between rural and urban areas
persisted, with rural regions often having less access to quality
education, further exacerbating social ineqinequalitie.

20. Steps to improve educational
system
 Increased Investment: Allocate more resources and funding to
education. Prioritize education in national budgets to improve
infrastructure, teacher training, and access to quality materials.
 Quality Teacher Training: Enhance teacher training programs to ensure
educators are well-equipped with modern teaching methods, content
knowledge, and pedagogical skills.
 Curriculum Reforms:Regularly update and modernize the curriculum
to make it more relevant, inclusive, and aligned with global
standards. Ensure a balance between traditional teachings and
modern education.
 *Focus on Quality Education:Emphasize quality over quantity. Improve
learning outcomes by addressing issues related to overcrowded
classrooms, outdated teaching methods, and lack of resources..

21. Steps to improve educational
system
. Technology Integration Integrate technology into education to enhance
learning experiences. Provide access to digital resources and tools,
especially in underserved areas.
Addressing Socio-Cultural Barriers:Address societal norms and barriers
that hinder education, particularly for marginalized groups. Encourage
inclusivity and equal opportunities for all, irrespective of gender, socio-
economic status, or location
Empower Local Communities Encourage community involvement in
education. Foster partnerships between communities, schools, and local
authorities to ensure better governance and support for schools.
Focus on Early Childhood EducationInvest in early childhood education to
lay a strong foundation for learning and development.

22. Thank you