digestive hormones and its importance

1. ROLE OF HORMONES IN
DIGESTION
BY,
D.IRENE
16PGZ001
M.Sc. Zoology (spl in biotechnology)
Lady Doak College,
Madurai

2. Digestive system

3. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- activities of gastrointestinal tract
NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Coordinated by

4. Hormones in digestion

5. THE HORMONES ARE:
Gastrin
Enterogastrone
Cholecystokinin pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Secritin
Enterocrininn
Gastric inhibitory peptide
Motilin
Duocrinin
Villikrinin

6. http://www.zuniv.net/physiology/book/chapter22.html

7. Secretion of gastrin
Proteins in food
stimulates the G cells to secrete gastrin
stimulates the release to histamine into the oxyntic cells
histamine stimulates the secretion hydrochloric acid

8. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/duodenum-
function.html

9. Hormonal control of the
gastrointestinal tract. Gastrin is
secreted by the mucosa of the stomach
and stimulates the secretion of
pepsinogen (which is converted into
pepsin) and HCl. The duodenum
secretes three hormones:
cholecystokinin (CCK), which
stimulates
contraction of the gallbladder and
secretion of pancreatic enzymes;
secretin, which stimulates secretion of
pancreatic bicarbonate; and an
enterogastrone, which inhibits stomach
emptying.

10. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=crypts+of+lieberkuhn&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=667&
tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwj92tCP8MLNAhXEP48KHc7xDS8
QsAQILw#tbm=isch&q=+brunner%27s+glands&imgrc=KzKN4pZ6177mFM%3A

11. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~anatomy/Histo/lab_5/GI/DMS131/popup.html
Brunner’s glands

12. For intestinal motility
 Gastrin
 Cholecystokinin
 Insulin
 Motilin
 serotonin
For inhibition of motility
 Secretin
 glucagon
For inhibition of gastric secretion
 Gastric inhibitory peptide
 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
 Somatostatin
 GLP-1
To know
 Hunger hormone- Ghrelin
 Satiety hormone- Leptin

13. Gut hormones in therapeutics
 Attractive novel targets for the development of obesity therapies.
 Administration of gut hormones might provide a novel and physiological
approach in anti-obesity therapy.[Caroline et al.,2004]
 Peptide YY (PYY) has a potent inhibitory effect on food intake in both rodents
and humans, as well as reducing body weight [Batterham et al., 2002].
 PYY infusion has also been shown to reduce ghrelin levels, ghrelin being well
characterized as an orexigenic hormone [Batterham et al., 2003b]
 Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is known to reduce food intake in rodents
[Asakawa et al., 2003b]and in normal weight human subjects [Asakawa et al.,
2006; Batterham et al., 2003a; Jesudason et al., 2007]
 In addition to reducing food intake, PP also reduces gastric emptying
[Asakawa et al., 2003b; Schmidt et al., 2005], potentially providing feedback
to central satiety centres via the vagus nerve.
 GLP-1 delaying gastric emptying [Schirra et al., 2006], and suppression of
appetite [Punjabi et al., 2011].
 GLP-1 is currently the most successful gut hormone to be exploited for
therapeutic purposes in humans. It is used for treatment of type 2 diabetes
due to its incretin effect.

14.  Oxyntomodulin (OXM ) has been shown to inhibit both gastric acid secretion and
pancreatic enzyme secretion, in addition to delaying gastric emptying following
intravenous administration [Schjoldager et al., 1989]
 ghrelin antagonists and receptor blockers are therefore a group of molecules
which have received some interest for development as anti-obesity targets
[Schellekens et al., 2010].
 “..In conclusion, continued research into the potential to pharmacologically
exploit endogenously occurring appetite-regulating gut hormones in an effort
to regulate energy homeostasis is required, but certainly holds great promise
to lead to the development of safe and effective anti-obesity treatments, and
to contribute to the effort of combating the rampant global rise in obesity. The
evidence presented herein strongly indicates that obesity research and the
development of weight loss or weight management products should focus on
the release and function of gut hormones, in connection to their association
with receptors in the CNS, in particular the hypothalamus” –B.Perry and Y.
Wang.

16. References:
 Rachel C. Troke, Tricia M. Tan, and Steve R. Bloom., The future role of gut
hormones in the treatment of obesity., Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014 Jan; 5(1):
4–14. doi: 10.1177/2040622313506730
 Batterham R., Cowley M., Small C., Herzog H., Cohen M., Dakin C. (2002) Gut
hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature 418: 650–654.
 Batterham R., Le Roux C., Cohen M., Park A., Ellis S., Patterson M.,. (2003a)
Pancreatic polypeptide reduces appetite and food intake in humans. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 88: 3989–3992.
 Batterham R., Cohen M., Ellis S., Le Roux C., Withers D., Frost G., (2003b)
Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med
349: 941–948 .
 Jesudason D., Monteiro M., McGowan B., Neary N., Park A., Philippou E.,
(2007) Low-dose pancreatic polypeptide inhibits food intake in man. Br J Nutr
97: 426–429.
 Asakawa A., Inui A., Yuzuriha H., Ueno N., Katsuura G., Fujimiya M., (2003b)
Characterization of the effects of pancreatic polypeptide in the regulation of
energy balance. Gastroenterology 124(5): 1325–1336

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bih=667&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwj92tCP8MLN
AhXEP48KHc7xDS8QsAQILw#tbm=isch&q=+brunner%27s+glands&imgrc=KzKN4pZ
6177mFM%3A.
 http://www.slideshare.net/dhanushanand2011/small-intestine-physiology
 http://www.yoursurgery.com/ProcedureDetails.cfm?BR=1&Proc=66
 https://sites.google.com/a/d219.org/ms-pauley-s-website/class-
materials/chapter-23-digestive-system
 Raven and Johnson., Biology., 7th edition
 Arthur.C Guyton.,Textbook of medical physiology., 11th edition.,Elsevier inc.,
2006., Philadelphia., pg-776-778, 785-786, 795-805.
 Shirra J., Nicolaus M., Roggel R., Katschinski M., Storr M., Woerle H., (2006)
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 controls endocrine pancreatic secretion
and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in Humans. Gut 55: 243–251.
 Punjabi M., Arnold M., Geary N., Langhans W., Pacheco-Lopez G.
(2011) Peripheral Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Satiation. Physiol Behav.
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.2,038.
 B.Perry and Y. Wang., Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut
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Published online 16 January 2012