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April 2021
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
PERILS OF
PERCEPTION
Environmental Perils
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
2
These are the latest findings from Ipsos’ Perils of
Perception survey. The survey was conducted in 30
markets and asked people about what individuals can
do to tackle climate change.
For the purpose of this study, the main sources of ‘actual’ data
for impacts of individual actions on climate change can be
found at the end of the report.
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
3
Despite high concern and high confidence that we know what to do in our
own lives to combat climate change, misperceptions are rife and many often
just don’t know.
Summary
Across markets, people
on average
underestimate the most
impactful climate actions
they can take, and
overestimate the least
impactful ones
Awareness of the
climate change impacts
we are already seeing is
low. Few knew how
warm recent years have
been, or how many lives
are already impacted by
climate change
Climate action
messaging can confuse:
many think it’s better to
eat local meat rather
than imported plants,
when the reverse is true:
vegetarianism is far
more impactful
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
A Global Market Average of 7 in 10 agree:
“I understand what action I need to take to
play my part in tackling climate change.”
But do we really?
4
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 5
To what extent do you agree
or disagree with the
following:
I understand what action I
need to take to play my part
in tackling climate change
In almost every market, a
majority agree they
understand what action they
need to take to tackle climate
change.
But do we really?
69%
85%
83%
82%
82%
77%
76%
76%
76%
75%
73%
72%
71%
71%
71%
70%
69%
69%
69%
68%
67%
66%
66%
65%
65%
64%
63%
63%
53%
41%
40%
8%
7%
4%
7%
5%
7%
6%
8%
7%
9%
11%
7%
9%
6%
4%
6%
10%
10%
8%
6%
10%
8%
8%
9%
8%
8%
6%
9%
11%
18%
17%
Global Market Average
Peru
Colombia
Mexico
Chile
South Africa
Hungary
Sweden
Argentina
Turkey
India
France
Great Britain
Spain
Malaysia
Belgium
Italy
Switzerland
Netherlands
Brazil
Poland
Australia
Germany
Canada
United States
China
South Korea
Hong Kong
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Japan
Market
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
Agree Disagree
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Behavioural
perceptions
6
How do we reduce our
climate change
impact?
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Looking at well-know ‘green’ actions, how
does the public rank potential greenhouse
gas savings from each?
7
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
59%
49%
41%
36%
26%
21%
17%
14%
11%
Recycling as much as possible
Buying energy only from renewable sources (e.g. wind power, hydro-
electric)
Replacing a typical car with an electric car or hybrid
Replacing traditional incandescent lightbulbs with low energy
compact fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs
Hang-drying their clothes, instead of using an electric or gas dryer
Avoiding one long-distance flight (lasting six hours or more)
Not having a car
Eating a plant-based diet
Having one fewer child
8
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available here:
https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html
NB: Emissions saved from having one fewer child is calculated by quantifying future emissions of descendants based on historical rates, based on heredity
From this list of options,
which three do you think
would most reduce the
greenhouse gas emissions
of an individual living in one
of the world’s richer
countries?
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
While all actions can make a
difference, the most
impactful actions are ranked
too low, and the least
impactful actions ranked too
high in the public’s
estimations of carbon
savings.
Actual
rank
CO2
saved
(tonnes)
7 0.2
4 1.5
6 1.1
9 0.1
8 0.2
3 1.6
2 2.4
5 0.8
1 58.6*
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
11%
17%
21%
49%
14%
41%
59%
26%
36%
Having one fewer child
Not having a car
Avoiding one long-distance flight (lasting six hours or more)
Buying energy only from renewable sources (e.g. wind power, hydro-
electric)
Eating a plant-based diet
Replacing a typical car with an electric car or hybrid
Recycling as much as possible
Hang-drying their clothes, instead of using an electric or gas dryer
Replacing traditional incandescent lightbulbs with low energy
compact fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs
9
From this list of options,
which three do you think
would most reduce the
greenhouse gas emissions
of an individual living in one
of the world’s richer
countries?
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
The difference is clear when
ranked by actual order –
actions like recycling, hang-
drying and using low energy
light bulbs are over-
estimated compared with not
having a car at all or
avoiding long-distance flights
Actual
rank
CO2
saved
(tonnes)
1 58.6*
2 2.4
3 1.6
4 1.5
5 1.1
6 0.8
7 0.2
8 0.2
9 0.1
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available here:
https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html
NB: Emissions saved from having one fewer child is calculated by quantifying future emissions of descendants based on historical rates, based on heredity
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
10
TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CH CHL CHN COL ESP FRA GB GER HK HUN IND ITA JAP KSA KOR MAL MEX NLD PER POL RUS SAF SE TUR USA
Recycling as much as possible 59% 66% 58% 60% 63% 59% 56% 64% 48% 64% 67% 70% 55% 49% 59% 61% 55% 64% 62% 47% 63% 61% 66% 45% 62% 56% 68% 66% 51% 59% 54%
Buying energy only from renewable
sources (e.g. wind power, hydro-
electric)
49% 70% 45% 44% 49% 40% 41% 72% 39% 64% 58% 34% 45% 42% 39% 64% 43% 49% 39% 50% 43% 48% 64% 38% 62% 59% 42% 59% 38% 47% 43%
Replacing a typical car with an electric
car or hybrid
41% 48% 31% 24% 51% 40% 29% 54% 49% 54% 45% 27% 39% 20% 39% 36% 42% 42% 42% 45% 54% 44% 44% 29% 46% 40% 50% 42% 27% 60% 42%
Replacing traditional incandescent
lightbulbs with low energy compact
fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs
36% 37% 32% 32% 43% 34% 31% 28% 39% 36% 39% 37% 21% 29% 44% 37% 40% 41% 46% 43% 42% 42% 37% 30% 43% 47% 39% 41% 25% 25% 37%
Hang-drying their clothes, instead of
using an electric or gas dryer
26% 20% 32% 25% 25% 26% 29% 23% 26% 25% 27% 40% 20% 27% 26% 14% 29% 30% 24% 26% 31% 33% 32% 21% 31% 22% 21% 25% 24% 26% 18%
Avoiding one long-distance flight
(lasting six hours or more)
21% 14% 17% 39% 13% 23% 29% 13% 19% 10% 22% 33% 29% 42% 21% 27% 21% 22% 9% 20% 14% 13% 15% 33% 14% 17% 10% 17% 42% 22% 15%
Not having a car 17% 16% 19% 23% 15% 17% 28% 12% 6% 16% 14% 16% 24% 23% 29% 21% 13% 10% 14% 11% 16% 11% 11% 25% 16% 17% 23% 14% 30% 19% 15%
Eating a plant-based diet 14% 11% 18% 16% 10% 12% 17% 9% 17% 6% 5% 7% 21% 19% 15% 13% 24% 12% 12% 20% 14% 16% 7% 23% 4% 9% 11% 16% 21% 14% 14%
Having one fewer child 11% 8% 14% 14% 8% 11% 15% 10% 5% 16% 5% 9% 19% 9% 11% 7% 18% 5% 5% 10% 6% 7% 12% 22% 14% 6% 4% 11% 21% 8% 10%
Top three actions:
#1 action in market
#2 action in market
#3 action in market
Market summary – three most effective actions for
reducing an individual’s greenhouse gas emissions
From this list of options, which three do you think would most reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of an
individual living in one of the world’s richer countries?
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Going beyond the (more) obvious, what
other actions could we take, and do we
understand what impact they would have?
11
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
52%
46%
46%
37%
36%
35%
33%
26%
13%
5%
Less packaging
Buying fewer items, or more durable items
More energy-efficient cooking equipment, using cleaner fuel or
renewable energy
Growing or producing your own food
Car pooling/sharing
Refurbishing and renovating housing for efficiency
Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g. using the correct gear, and
driving more slowly)
Green roofs - partially or completely covered with vegetation
Having smaller living spaces / or co-housing to fill empty rooms
Not having pets
12
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf
Which of the following
actions do you think appear
in the top 30 ways of
reducing our personal
climate change impact?
Please select up to five.
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
Respondents were generally
more accurate in selecting
actions in the top ways to
reduce our climate impact.
However, half believed less
packaging (52%) and buying
less (46%) were in the top
thirty, more than, for
example, renovating or
refurbishing housing for
efficiency (35%).
True rank
38th
46th
9th
23rd
27th
6th
34th
57th
31st
25th
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
35%
46%
37%
5%
36%
13%
33%
52%
46%
26%
Refurbishing and renovating housing for efficiency
More energy-efficient cooking equipment, using cleaner fuel or
renewable energy
Growing or producing your own food
Not having pets
Car pooling/sharing
Having smaller living spaces / or co-housing to fill empty rooms
Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g. using the correct gear, and
driving more slowly)
Less packaging
Buying fewer items, or more durable items
Green roofs - partially or completely covered with vegetation
13
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf
Which of the following
actions do you think appear
in the top 30 ways of
reducing our personal
climate change impact?
Please select up to five.
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
The difference is clearer
when ranked by actual order
– actions buying products
with less packaging and
buying fewer or more
durable items are over-
estimated compared with
refurbishing homes for
energy efficiency.
True rank
6th
9th
23rd
25th
27th
31st
34th
38th
46th
57th
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 countries/markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
14
TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CH CHL CHN COL ESP FRA GB GER HK HUN IND ITA JAP KSA KOR MAL MEX NLD PER POL RUS SAF SE TUR USA
Less packaging
52% 44% 51% 58% 61% 58% 65% 45% 44% 40% 59% 59% 61% 65% 72% 59% 32% 56% 55% 70% 18% 55% 32% 52% 38% 61% 48% 48% 50% 58% 40%
Buying fewer items, or more durable
items 46% 49% 41% 44% 46% 46% 51% 53% 38% 50% 37% 50% 50% 49% 68% 44% 32% 43% 50% 60% 27% 29% 42% 45% 50% 60% 37% 36% 67% 44% 39%
More energy-efficient cooking
equipment, using cleaner fuel or
renewable energy
46% 50% 44% 31% 43% 31% 24% 57% 56% 51% 44% 17% 43% 18% 64% 61% 47% 29% 48% 63% 46% 51% 46% 50% 55% 53% 48% 62% 30% 69% 37%
Growing or producing your own food
37% 61% 43% 31% 33% 43% 26% 51% 28% 57% 19% 32% 44% 25% 34% 27% 35% 30% 24% 21% 42% 48% 46% 15% 41% 36% 40% 65% 38% 44% 40%
Car pooling/sharing
36% 33% 37% 37% 21% 48% 31% 48% 39% 51% 43% 42% 39% 28% 46% 24% 39% 22% 23% 26% 25% 53% 50% 28% 34% 21% 21% 42% 53% 22% 50%
Refurbishing and renovating housing for
efficiency 35% 29% 32% 61% 21% 39% 51% 30% 9% 23% 50% 56% 40% 48% 20% 68% 33% 52% 20% 36% 23% 29% 26% 56% 26% 22% 24% 25% 20% 28% 43%
Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g.
using the correct gear, and driving more
slowly)
33% 29% 29% 25% 24% 30% 27% 31% 36% 30% 31% 31% 36% 32% 25% 30% 45% 26% 48% 53% 43% 31% 33% 26% 36% 30% 23% 44% 27% 38% 39%
Green roofs - partially or completely
covered with vegetation 26% 20% 19% 18% 27% 20% 32% 18% 34% 24% 17% 18% 17% 31% 49% 30% 42% 21% 22% 18% 55% 29% 22% 29% 23% 27% 23% 43% 11% 27% 21%
Having smaller living spaces / or co-
housing to fill empty rooms 13% 14% 17% 17% 9% 15% 12% 9% 16% 10% 8% 9% 9% 9% 12% 7% 23% 11% 11% 14% 17% 10% 13% 11% 14% 7% 9% 13% 13% 26% 14%
Not having pets
5% 2% 6% 5% 4% 5% 4% 2% 8% 3% 3% 5% 5% 5% 11% 5% 8% 7% 7% 12% 13% 5% 4% 8% 2% 4% 3% 2% 6% 4% 4%
Top three actions:
#1 action in market
#2 action in market
#3 action in market
Market summary – top three actions perceived to be
in the top thirty ways to reduce climate change impact
Which of the following actions do you think appear in the top 30 ways of reducing our personal climate change
impact?
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Impacts of
climate change
15
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Climate change already displaces more
people than conflict, but only a minority
know this.
16
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
4.8
9.8
Conflict Climate
32%
43%
25%
Internal displacement due to climate
Internal displacement due to conflict
Don't know
17
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: GRID, 2020. 2020 Mid-Year Update. Available here: https://www.internal-
displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/2020%20Mid-year%20update.pdf
In 2020, do you think more
people suffered internal
displacement as a result of
conflict (such as war,
criminal and political
violence) or as a result of
climate and weather-related
disasters (such as
hurricanes, storms and
flooding)?
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
Two in five (43%) believe
conflict to be the greater
cause of internal
displacement, while a third
(32%) chose climate and
weather-related disasters.
The true cause (climate and
weather) accounted for two
thirds (67%) of new
displacements in the first six
months of 2020.
True causes of new
displacements (million
people), first half of 2020*
14.6M
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
43%
68%
67%
58%
57%
55%
54%
51%
49%
47%
44%
44%
44%
43%
43%
43%
42%
40%
40%
39%
39%
38%
37%
37%
34%
33%
31%
31%
29%
26%
23%
32%
24%
22%
28%
27%
20%
33%
37%
31%
25%
34%
40%
38%
32%
33%
26%
39%
41%
24%
39%
32%
29%
30%
30%
31%
31%
35%
43%
39%
40%
41%
Global Market Average
Turkey
Colombia
Chile
Hong Kong
Saudi Arabia
Mexico
Peru
Hungary
Germany
Sweden
India
Malaysia
Switzerland
Argentina
Spain
South Korea
South Africa
Netherlands
Brazil
Great Britain
Italy
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Poland
Russia
United States
France
China
Japan
18
In 2020, do you think more
people suffered internal
displacement as a result of
conflict (such as war,
criminal and political
violence) or as a result of
climate and weather-related
disasters (such as
hurricanes, storms and
flooding)?
Market
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
Conflict Climate/weather-related
In most markets, respondents
perceived conflict as being
the greater cause of internal
displacement, although with
some exceptions – such as
the US, France, China and
Japan
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Feeling hot, hot, hot? Only one in
twenty-five of the public know that all of
the last six years were among the
hottest on record.
19
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
73%
1%
4%
5%
3%
9%
4%
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Don't know
20
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: The World Meteorological Organisation, 2021. 2020 was one of three warmest years on record. Available here:
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/2020-was-one-of-three-warmest-years-record
The World Meteorological
Organization collects annual
global temperatures, to see
whether they are rising or
falling across the world.
Records begin in 1850.Since
2015, how many years have
been the warmest year on
record?
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
Nearly all respondents either
underestimated (22%) or
were unsure (73%) of how
many years since 2015 have
been the warmest on record.
Only one in twenty-five (4%)
correctly stated that the 6
years since 2015 have been
the warmest on record.
96%
Average response
among those giving
an answer:
Since 2015, 4 years
have been the
warmest on record
Actual data:
Since 2015, 6 years
have been the
warmest on record
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Climate
change and
diet
21
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Going plant-based makes more of a
difference to your carbon footprint than
eating local, but the public guess this is the
other way around.
22
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
20%
57%
23% Eating a
vegetarian diet
with some
imported
products
Eating a locally
produced diet
including meat
and dairy
products
Don't know
23
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether
your food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local
And which of these two
actions do you think would
most reduce an individual's
greenhouse gas emissions?
Global Market Averages
Global Market Average
Eating local does not
necessarily mean eating
greener, as switching to a
vegetarian diet including
some imported fruit and
vegetables more effectively
reduces an individual’s
greenhouse gas emissions.*
However, three in five (57%)
perceived eating a locally
produced diet that includes
some animal foodstuffs as
being the more
environmentally friendly diet.
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
57%
77%
73%
70%
68%
66%
64%
62%
62%
62%
62%
62%
60%
60%
59%
59%
56%
56%
55%
55%
53%
52%
51%
51%
51%
50%
50%
46%
45%
44%
41%
20%
11%
15%
7%
14%
18%
14%
18%
10%
19%
22%
10%
17%
18%
14%
23%
29%
16%
24%
13%
18%
12%
11%
20%
29%
25%
26%
30%
37%
47%
31%
Global Market Average
Hungary
Switzerland
France
Belgium
Sweden
Germany
Great Britain
Canada
Mexico
South Africa
Japan
Australia
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Hong Kong
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
United States
South Korea
Russia
Poland
China
Peru
Malaysia
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
India
Brazil
24
And which of these two
actions do you think would
most reduce an individual's
greenhouse gas emissions:
Eating a diet that is mostly
locally produced, including
locally produced meat and
dairy products?
Eating a vegetarian diet,
even if some of the fruit and
vegetables have been
imported from other
countries?
Market
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
Locally produced Vegetarian
In most markets, respondents
perceived a locally produced
diet to have lower emissions
than a vegetarian one with
some imported produce.
India was the exception, with
respondents more evenly
split.
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
The true meaning of food miles? Public
understanding of relative impact of meat
and miles is low. We have little idea of how
burgers compare to carbon emissions from
driving.
25
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Q.
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
86% 10% 2% 1% 1%
Don't know 0-50 51-100 101-150 151+
26
Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021
*Source: Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether
your food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local ; IEA 2021. Tracking Transport 2020.
Available here: https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2020/rail#abstract . Quarter pounder burger patty weight of 113.4g
is assumed.
The amount of carbon
dioxide released into the
atmosphere as a result of
making one beef burger is
equivalent to driving how far
in a car?
Global Market Averages –
mean in km
Global Market Average
The majority of respondents
(86%) could not say how
many km of driving a beef
burger was equivalent to. Of
those who answered, one in
ten (10%) believed this to be
50km or less.
The true journey range is
between 38 and 119km,
depending on car efficiency.
The average answer (43km)
came at the lower end of this
range.
Mean: 43km
Range*: 38 – 119km
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
These are the findings of the Global Advisor wave 152 (GA 152)
an Ipsos survey conducted between February 19 and March 5, 2021.
27 ‒
The survey instrument is conducted
monthly in 30 markets around the world via
the Ipsos Online Panel system.
The markets reporting herein are
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, France,
Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Hong
Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico,
the Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United States of America.
For the results of the survey presented
herein, an international sample of 21,011
adults aged 18-74 in the US, Canada, Hong
Kong, Malaysia, South Africa, and Turkey,
and age 16-74 in all other markets, were
interviewed. Approximately 1000+
individuals participated on a market by
market basis via the Ipsos Online Panel
with the exception of Argentina, Chile,
Colombia, Hong Kong, Hungary, India,
Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru,
Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and
Turkey, where each have a sample
approximately 500+. The precision of Ipsos
online polls are calculated using a credibility
interval with a poll of 1,000 accurate to +/-
3.5 percentage points and of 500 accurate
to +/- 5.0 percentage points. For more
information on the Ipsos use of credibility
intervals, please visit the Ipsos website.
17 of the 30 markets surveyed online
generate nationally representative samples
in their countries (Argentina, Australia,
Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Great
Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the
Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United States).
The samples in Brazil, Chile, mainland
China, Colombia, Hong Kong, India,
Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa and Turkey are more
urban & educated, and/or more affluent
than the general population. We refer to
these respondents as “Upper Deck
Consumer Citizens”. They are not
nationally representative of their market.
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
Summary of sources for actual data
28 ‒
A range of data sources were used to derive the ‘true’ values referenced in this deck. Details of
each source and any assumptions made are included on the relevant slides. The full list of sources
is included below:
GRID, 2020. 2020 Mid-Year Update. Available here: https://www.internal-
displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/2020%20Mid-year%20update.pdf
;IEA 2021. Tracking Transport 2020. Available here: https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2020/rail#abstract
Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available
here: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html
Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf
Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your
food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local
The World Meteorological Organisation, 2021. 2020 was one of three warmest years on record. Available here:
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/2020-was-one-of-three-warmest-years-record
For more information
Gideon Skinner
Managing Director
gideon.skinner@ipsos.com
Ruth Townend
Research Manager
ruth.townend@ipsos.com
Sophie Thompson
Research Executive
sophie.thompson2@ipsos.com
© Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public
29
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
30 ‒
For more information
Gideon Skinner
Managing Director
gideon.skinner@ipsos.com
Sophie Thompson
Research Executive
sophie.thompson2@ipsos.com
Ruth Townend
Research Manager
ruth.townend@ipsos.com
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
© Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC
31 ‒
ABOUT IPSOS
Ipsos is the third largest market research company in the world,
present in 90 markets and employing more than 18,000 people.
Our research professionals, analysts and scientists have built
unique multi-specialist capabilities that provide powerful
insights into the actions, opinions and motivations of citizens,
consumers, patients, customers or employees. Our 75
business solutions are based on primary data coming from our
surveys, social media monitoring, and qualitative or
observational techniques.
“Game Changers” – our tagline – summarises our ambition to
help our 5,000 clients to navigate more easily our deeply
changing world.
Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is listed on the Euronext
Paris since July 1st, 1999. The company is part of the SBF 120
and the Mid-60 index and is eligible for the Deferred Settlement
Service (SRD).
ISIN code FR0000073298, Reuters ISOS.PA, Bloomberg
IPS:FP
www.ipsos.com
GAME CHANGERS
In our world of rapid change, the need for reliable information
to make confident decisions has never been greater.
At Ipsos we believe our clients need more than a data supplier,
they need a partner who can produce accurate and relevant
information and turn it into actionable truth.
This is why our passionately curious experts not only provide
the most precise measurement, but shape it to provide True
Understanding of Society, Markets and People.
To do this we use the best of science, technology
and know-how and apply the principles of security, simplicity,
speed and substance to everything we do.
So that our clients can act faster, smarter and bolder.
Ultimately, success comes down to a simple truth:
You act better when you are sure.

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Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 Report Highlights Misperceptions Around Climate Actions

  • 1. April 2021 © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public PERILS OF PERCEPTION Environmental Perils
  • 2. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC 2 These are the latest findings from Ipsos’ Perils of Perception survey. The survey was conducted in 30 markets and asked people about what individuals can do to tackle climate change. For the purpose of this study, the main sources of ‘actual’ data for impacts of individual actions on climate change can be found at the end of the report.
  • 3. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC 3 Despite high concern and high confidence that we know what to do in our own lives to combat climate change, misperceptions are rife and many often just don’t know. Summary Across markets, people on average underestimate the most impactful climate actions they can take, and overestimate the least impactful ones Awareness of the climate change impacts we are already seeing is low. Few knew how warm recent years have been, or how many lives are already impacted by climate change Climate action messaging can confuse: many think it’s better to eat local meat rather than imported plants, when the reverse is true: vegetarianism is far more impactful
  • 4. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC A Global Market Average of 7 in 10 agree: “I understand what action I need to take to play my part in tackling climate change.” But do we really? 4
  • 5. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 5 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following: I understand what action I need to take to play my part in tackling climate change In almost every market, a majority agree they understand what action they need to take to tackle climate change. But do we really? 69% 85% 83% 82% 82% 77% 76% 76% 76% 75% 73% 72% 71% 71% 71% 70% 69% 69% 69% 68% 67% 66% 66% 65% 65% 64% 63% 63% 53% 41% 40% 8% 7% 4% 7% 5% 7% 6% 8% 7% 9% 11% 7% 9% 6% 4% 6% 10% 10% 8% 6% 10% 8% 8% 9% 8% 8% 6% 9% 11% 18% 17% Global Market Average Peru Colombia Mexico Chile South Africa Hungary Sweden Argentina Turkey India France Great Britain Spain Malaysia Belgium Italy Switzerland Netherlands Brazil Poland Australia Germany Canada United States China South Korea Hong Kong Saudi Arabia Russia Japan Market Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 Agree Disagree
  • 6. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Behavioural perceptions 6 How do we reduce our climate change impact?
  • 7. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Looking at well-know ‘green’ actions, how does the public rank potential greenhouse gas savings from each? 7
  • 8. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 59% 49% 41% 36% 26% 21% 17% 14% 11% Recycling as much as possible Buying energy only from renewable sources (e.g. wind power, hydro- electric) Replacing a typical car with an electric car or hybrid Replacing traditional incandescent lightbulbs with low energy compact fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs Hang-drying their clothes, instead of using an electric or gas dryer Avoiding one long-distance flight (lasting six hours or more) Not having a car Eating a plant-based diet Having one fewer child 8 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available here: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html NB: Emissions saved from having one fewer child is calculated by quantifying future emissions of descendants based on historical rates, based on heredity From this list of options, which three do you think would most reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of an individual living in one of the world’s richer countries? Global Market Averages Global Market Average While all actions can make a difference, the most impactful actions are ranked too low, and the least impactful actions ranked too high in the public’s estimations of carbon savings. Actual rank CO2 saved (tonnes) 7 0.2 4 1.5 6 1.1 9 0.1 8 0.2 3 1.6 2 2.4 5 0.8 1 58.6*
  • 9. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 11% 17% 21% 49% 14% 41% 59% 26% 36% Having one fewer child Not having a car Avoiding one long-distance flight (lasting six hours or more) Buying energy only from renewable sources (e.g. wind power, hydro- electric) Eating a plant-based diet Replacing a typical car with an electric car or hybrid Recycling as much as possible Hang-drying their clothes, instead of using an electric or gas dryer Replacing traditional incandescent lightbulbs with low energy compact fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs 9 From this list of options, which three do you think would most reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of an individual living in one of the world’s richer countries? Global Market Averages Global Market Average The difference is clear when ranked by actual order – actions like recycling, hang- drying and using low energy light bulbs are over- estimated compared with not having a car at all or avoiding long-distance flights Actual rank CO2 saved (tonnes) 1 58.6* 2 2.4 3 1.6 4 1.5 5 1.1 6 0.8 7 0.2 8 0.2 9 0.1 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available here: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html NB: Emissions saved from having one fewer child is calculated by quantifying future emissions of descendants based on historical rates, based on heredity
  • 10. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 10 TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CH CHL CHN COL ESP FRA GB GER HK HUN IND ITA JAP KSA KOR MAL MEX NLD PER POL RUS SAF SE TUR USA Recycling as much as possible 59% 66% 58% 60% 63% 59% 56% 64% 48% 64% 67% 70% 55% 49% 59% 61% 55% 64% 62% 47% 63% 61% 66% 45% 62% 56% 68% 66% 51% 59% 54% Buying energy only from renewable sources (e.g. wind power, hydro- electric) 49% 70% 45% 44% 49% 40% 41% 72% 39% 64% 58% 34% 45% 42% 39% 64% 43% 49% 39% 50% 43% 48% 64% 38% 62% 59% 42% 59% 38% 47% 43% Replacing a typical car with an electric car or hybrid 41% 48% 31% 24% 51% 40% 29% 54% 49% 54% 45% 27% 39% 20% 39% 36% 42% 42% 42% 45% 54% 44% 44% 29% 46% 40% 50% 42% 27% 60% 42% Replacing traditional incandescent lightbulbs with low energy compact fluorescent (CFL) or LED lightbulbs 36% 37% 32% 32% 43% 34% 31% 28% 39% 36% 39% 37% 21% 29% 44% 37% 40% 41% 46% 43% 42% 42% 37% 30% 43% 47% 39% 41% 25% 25% 37% Hang-drying their clothes, instead of using an electric or gas dryer 26% 20% 32% 25% 25% 26% 29% 23% 26% 25% 27% 40% 20% 27% 26% 14% 29% 30% 24% 26% 31% 33% 32% 21% 31% 22% 21% 25% 24% 26% 18% Avoiding one long-distance flight (lasting six hours or more) 21% 14% 17% 39% 13% 23% 29% 13% 19% 10% 22% 33% 29% 42% 21% 27% 21% 22% 9% 20% 14% 13% 15% 33% 14% 17% 10% 17% 42% 22% 15% Not having a car 17% 16% 19% 23% 15% 17% 28% 12% 6% 16% 14% 16% 24% 23% 29% 21% 13% 10% 14% 11% 16% 11% 11% 25% 16% 17% 23% 14% 30% 19% 15% Eating a plant-based diet 14% 11% 18% 16% 10% 12% 17% 9% 17% 6% 5% 7% 21% 19% 15% 13% 24% 12% 12% 20% 14% 16% 7% 23% 4% 9% 11% 16% 21% 14% 14% Having one fewer child 11% 8% 14% 14% 8% 11% 15% 10% 5% 16% 5% 9% 19% 9% 11% 7% 18% 5% 5% 10% 6% 7% 12% 22% 14% 6% 4% 11% 21% 8% 10% Top three actions: #1 action in market #2 action in market #3 action in market Market summary – three most effective actions for reducing an individual’s greenhouse gas emissions From this list of options, which three do you think would most reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of an individual living in one of the world’s richer countries?
  • 11. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Going beyond the (more) obvious, what other actions could we take, and do we understand what impact they would have? 11
  • 12. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 52% 46% 46% 37% 36% 35% 33% 26% 13% 5% Less packaging Buying fewer items, or more durable items More energy-efficient cooking equipment, using cleaner fuel or renewable energy Growing or producing your own food Car pooling/sharing Refurbishing and renovating housing for efficiency Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g. using the correct gear, and driving more slowly) Green roofs - partially or completely covered with vegetation Having smaller living spaces / or co-housing to fill empty rooms Not having pets 12 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf Which of the following actions do you think appear in the top 30 ways of reducing our personal climate change impact? Please select up to five. Global Market Averages Global Market Average Respondents were generally more accurate in selecting actions in the top ways to reduce our climate impact. However, half believed less packaging (52%) and buying less (46%) were in the top thirty, more than, for example, renovating or refurbishing housing for efficiency (35%). True rank 38th 46th 9th 23rd 27th 6th 34th 57th 31st 25th
  • 13. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 35% 46% 37% 5% 36% 13% 33% 52% 46% 26% Refurbishing and renovating housing for efficiency More energy-efficient cooking equipment, using cleaner fuel or renewable energy Growing or producing your own food Not having pets Car pooling/sharing Having smaller living spaces / or co-housing to fill empty rooms Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g. using the correct gear, and driving more slowly) Less packaging Buying fewer items, or more durable items Green roofs - partially or completely covered with vegetation 13 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf Which of the following actions do you think appear in the top 30 ways of reducing our personal climate change impact? Please select up to five. Global Market Averages Global Market Average The difference is clearer when ranked by actual order – actions buying products with less packaging and buying fewer or more durable items are over- estimated compared with refurbishing homes for energy efficiency. True rank 6th 9th 23rd 25th 27th 31st 34th 38th 46th 57th
  • 14. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 countries/markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 14 TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CH CHL CHN COL ESP FRA GB GER HK HUN IND ITA JAP KSA KOR MAL MEX NLD PER POL RUS SAF SE TUR USA Less packaging 52% 44% 51% 58% 61% 58% 65% 45% 44% 40% 59% 59% 61% 65% 72% 59% 32% 56% 55% 70% 18% 55% 32% 52% 38% 61% 48% 48% 50% 58% 40% Buying fewer items, or more durable items 46% 49% 41% 44% 46% 46% 51% 53% 38% 50% 37% 50% 50% 49% 68% 44% 32% 43% 50% 60% 27% 29% 42% 45% 50% 60% 37% 36% 67% 44% 39% More energy-efficient cooking equipment, using cleaner fuel or renewable energy 46% 50% 44% 31% 43% 31% 24% 57% 56% 51% 44% 17% 43% 18% 64% 61% 47% 29% 48% 63% 46% 51% 46% 50% 55% 53% 48% 62% 30% 69% 37% Growing or producing your own food 37% 61% 43% 31% 33% 43% 26% 51% 28% 57% 19% 32% 44% 25% 34% 27% 35% 30% 24% 21% 42% 48% 46% 15% 41% 36% 40% 65% 38% 44% 40% Car pooling/sharing 36% 33% 37% 37% 21% 48% 31% 48% 39% 51% 43% 42% 39% 28% 46% 24% 39% 22% 23% 26% 25% 53% 50% 28% 34% 21% 21% 42% 53% 22% 50% Refurbishing and renovating housing for efficiency 35% 29% 32% 61% 21% 39% 51% 30% 9% 23% 50% 56% 40% 48% 20% 68% 33% 52% 20% 36% 23% 29% 26% 56% 26% 22% 24% 25% 20% 28% 43% Fuel efficient driving practices (e.g. using the correct gear, and driving more slowly) 33% 29% 29% 25% 24% 30% 27% 31% 36% 30% 31% 31% 36% 32% 25% 30% 45% 26% 48% 53% 43% 31% 33% 26% 36% 30% 23% 44% 27% 38% 39% Green roofs - partially or completely covered with vegetation 26% 20% 19% 18% 27% 20% 32% 18% 34% 24% 17% 18% 17% 31% 49% 30% 42% 21% 22% 18% 55% 29% 22% 29% 23% 27% 23% 43% 11% 27% 21% Having smaller living spaces / or co- housing to fill empty rooms 13% 14% 17% 17% 9% 15% 12% 9% 16% 10% 8% 9% 9% 9% 12% 7% 23% 11% 11% 14% 17% 10% 13% 11% 14% 7% 9% 13% 13% 26% 14% Not having pets 5% 2% 6% 5% 4% 5% 4% 2% 8% 3% 3% 5% 5% 5% 11% 5% 8% 7% 7% 12% 13% 5% 4% 8% 2% 4% 3% 2% 6% 4% 4% Top three actions: #1 action in market #2 action in market #3 action in market Market summary – top three actions perceived to be in the top thirty ways to reduce climate change impact Which of the following actions do you think appear in the top 30 ways of reducing our personal climate change impact?
  • 15. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Impacts of climate change 15
  • 16. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Climate change already displaces more people than conflict, but only a minority know this. 16
  • 17. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 4.8 9.8 Conflict Climate 32% 43% 25% Internal displacement due to climate Internal displacement due to conflict Don't know 17 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: GRID, 2020. 2020 Mid-Year Update. Available here: https://www.internal- displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/2020%20Mid-year%20update.pdf In 2020, do you think more people suffered internal displacement as a result of conflict (such as war, criminal and political violence) or as a result of climate and weather-related disasters (such as hurricanes, storms and flooding)? Global Market Averages Global Market Average Two in five (43%) believe conflict to be the greater cause of internal displacement, while a third (32%) chose climate and weather-related disasters. The true cause (climate and weather) accounted for two thirds (67%) of new displacements in the first six months of 2020. True causes of new displacements (million people), first half of 2020* 14.6M
  • 18. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 43% 68% 67% 58% 57% 55% 54% 51% 49% 47% 44% 44% 44% 43% 43% 43% 42% 40% 40% 39% 39% 38% 37% 37% 34% 33% 31% 31% 29% 26% 23% 32% 24% 22% 28% 27% 20% 33% 37% 31% 25% 34% 40% 38% 32% 33% 26% 39% 41% 24% 39% 32% 29% 30% 30% 31% 31% 35% 43% 39% 40% 41% Global Market Average Turkey Colombia Chile Hong Kong Saudi Arabia Mexico Peru Hungary Germany Sweden India Malaysia Switzerland Argentina Spain South Korea South Africa Netherlands Brazil Great Britain Italy Australia Belgium Canada Poland Russia United States France China Japan 18 In 2020, do you think more people suffered internal displacement as a result of conflict (such as war, criminal and political violence) or as a result of climate and weather-related disasters (such as hurricanes, storms and flooding)? Market Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 Conflict Climate/weather-related In most markets, respondents perceived conflict as being the greater cause of internal displacement, although with some exceptions – such as the US, France, China and Japan
  • 19. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Feeling hot, hot, hot? Only one in twenty-five of the public know that all of the last six years were among the hottest on record. 19
  • 20. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 73% 1% 4% 5% 3% 9% 4% 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Don't know 20 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: The World Meteorological Organisation, 2021. 2020 was one of three warmest years on record. Available here: https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/2020-was-one-of-three-warmest-years-record The World Meteorological Organization collects annual global temperatures, to see whether they are rising or falling across the world. Records begin in 1850.Since 2015, how many years have been the warmest year on record? Global Market Averages Global Market Average Nearly all respondents either underestimated (22%) or were unsure (73%) of how many years since 2015 have been the warmest on record. Only one in twenty-five (4%) correctly stated that the 6 years since 2015 have been the warmest on record. 96% Average response among those giving an answer: Since 2015, 4 years have been the warmest on record Actual data: Since 2015, 6 years have been the warmest on record
  • 21. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Climate change and diet 21
  • 22. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Going plant-based makes more of a difference to your carbon footprint than eating local, but the public guess this is the other way around. 22
  • 23. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 20% 57% 23% Eating a vegetarian diet with some imported products Eating a locally produced diet including meat and dairy products Don't know 23 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local And which of these two actions do you think would most reduce an individual's greenhouse gas emissions? Global Market Averages Global Market Average Eating local does not necessarily mean eating greener, as switching to a vegetarian diet including some imported fruit and vegetables more effectively reduces an individual’s greenhouse gas emissions.* However, three in five (57%) perceived eating a locally produced diet that includes some animal foodstuffs as being the more environmentally friendly diet.
  • 24. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 57% 77% 73% 70% 68% 66% 64% 62% 62% 62% 62% 62% 60% 60% 59% 59% 56% 56% 55% 55% 53% 52% 51% 51% 51% 50% 50% 46% 45% 44% 41% 20% 11% 15% 7% 14% 18% 14% 18% 10% 19% 22% 10% 17% 18% 14% 23% 29% 16% 24% 13% 18% 12% 11% 20% 29% 25% 26% 30% 37% 47% 31% Global Market Average Hungary Switzerland France Belgium Sweden Germany Great Britain Canada Mexico South Africa Japan Australia Italy Spain Netherlands Hong Kong Turkey Saudi Arabia United States South Korea Russia Poland China Peru Malaysia Argentina Chile Colombia India Brazil 24 And which of these two actions do you think would most reduce an individual's greenhouse gas emissions: Eating a diet that is mostly locally produced, including locally produced meat and dairy products? Eating a vegetarian diet, even if some of the fruit and vegetables have been imported from other countries? Market Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 Locally produced Vegetarian In most markets, respondents perceived a locally produced diet to have lower emissions than a vegetarian one with some imported produce. India was the exception, with respondents more evenly split.
  • 25. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC The true meaning of food miles? Public understanding of relative impact of meat and miles is low. We have little idea of how burgers compare to carbon emissions from driving. 25
  • 26. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Q. © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 86% 10% 2% 1% 1% Don't know 0-50 51-100 101-150 151+ 26 Base: 21,011 online adults aged 16-74 across 30 markets, 19 Feb – 5 Mar 2021 *Source: Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local ; IEA 2021. Tracking Transport 2020. Available here: https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2020/rail#abstract . Quarter pounder burger patty weight of 113.4g is assumed. The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of making one beef burger is equivalent to driving how far in a car? Global Market Averages – mean in km Global Market Average The majority of respondents (86%) could not say how many km of driving a beef burger was equivalent to. Of those who answered, one in ten (10%) believed this to be 50km or less. The true journey range is between 38 and 119km, depending on car efficiency. The average answer (43km) came at the lower end of this range. Mean: 43km Range*: 38 – 119km
  • 27. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC These are the findings of the Global Advisor wave 152 (GA 152) an Ipsos survey conducted between February 19 and March 5, 2021. 27 ‒ The survey instrument is conducted monthly in 30 markets around the world via the Ipsos Online Panel system. The markets reporting herein are Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, France, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States of America. For the results of the survey presented herein, an international sample of 21,011 adults aged 18-74 in the US, Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia, South Africa, and Turkey, and age 16-74 in all other markets, were interviewed. Approximately 1000+ individuals participated on a market by market basis via the Ipsos Online Panel with the exception of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey, where each have a sample approximately 500+. The precision of Ipsos online polls are calculated using a credibility interval with a poll of 1,000 accurate to +/- 3.5 percentage points and of 500 accurate to +/- 5.0 percentage points. For more information on the Ipsos use of credibility intervals, please visit the Ipsos website. 17 of the 30 markets surveyed online generate nationally representative samples in their countries (Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United States). The samples in Brazil, Chile, mainland China, Colombia, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey are more urban & educated, and/or more affluent than the general population. We refer to these respondents as “Upper Deck Consumer Citizens”. They are not nationally representative of their market.
  • 28. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC Summary of sources for actual data 28 ‒ A range of data sources were used to derive the ‘true’ values referenced in this deck. Details of each source and any assumptions made are included on the relevant slides. The full list of sources is included below: GRID, 2020. 2020 Mid-Year Update. Available here: https://www.internal- displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/2020%20Mid-year%20update.pdf ;IEA 2021. Tracking Transport 2020. Available here: https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2020/rail#abstract Institute of Physics, 2017. The most effective individual steps to tackle climate change aren't being discussed. Available here: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-effective-individual-tackle-climate-discussed.html Ivanova et al., 2020. Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Available here: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589/pdf Our World in Data, 2020. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local. Available here: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local The World Meteorological Organisation, 2021. 2020 was one of three warmest years on record. Available here: https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/2020-was-one-of-three-warmest-years-record
  • 29. For more information Gideon Skinner Managing Director gideon.skinner@ipsos.com Ruth Townend Research Manager ruth.townend@ipsos.com Sophie Thompson Research Executive sophie.thompson2@ipsos.com © Ipsos | Environmental Perils of Perception 2021 | Public 29
  • 30. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC 30 ‒ For more information Gideon Skinner Managing Director gideon.skinner@ipsos.com Sophie Thompson Research Executive sophie.thompson2@ipsos.com Ruth Townend Research Manager ruth.townend@ipsos.com
  • 31. © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC © Ipsos | Perils of Perception 2021 | April 2021 | PUBLIC 31 ‒ ABOUT IPSOS Ipsos is the third largest market research company in the world, present in 90 markets and employing more than 18,000 people. Our research professionals, analysts and scientists have built unique multi-specialist capabilities that provide powerful insights into the actions, opinions and motivations of citizens, consumers, patients, customers or employees. Our 75 business solutions are based on primary data coming from our surveys, social media monitoring, and qualitative or observational techniques. “Game Changers” – our tagline – summarises our ambition to help our 5,000 clients to navigate more easily our deeply changing world. Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is listed on the Euronext Paris since July 1st, 1999. The company is part of the SBF 120 and the Mid-60 index and is eligible for the Deferred Settlement Service (SRD). ISIN code FR0000073298, Reuters ISOS.PA, Bloomberg IPS:FP www.ipsos.com GAME CHANGERS In our world of rapid change, the need for reliable information to make confident decisions has never been greater. At Ipsos we believe our clients need more than a data supplier, they need a partner who can produce accurate and relevant information and turn it into actionable truth. This is why our passionately curious experts not only provide the most precise measurement, but shape it to provide True Understanding of Society, Markets and People. To do this we use the best of science, technology and know-how and apply the principles of security, simplicity, speed and substance to everything we do. So that our clients can act faster, smarter and bolder. Ultimately, success comes down to a simple truth: You act better when you are sure.