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Narada E-rickshaw ba3eries
Performance Results - India
20th December, 2017
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Table of Contents
ABOUT INVERTED 3
ABOUT NARADA 3
NARADA’S LEAD CARBON BATTERY 3
PERFORMANCE TESTING 5
STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS: 5
TESTING SCHEDULE: 6
TESTING PROCEDURE: 6
PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF NARADA 7
TESTING CONDITIONS - 1: 7
TESTING CONDITIONS - 2: 8
PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF EXIDE 9
INTRODUCTION – EXIDE 9
TESTING CONDITIONS - 3: 9
TESTING CONDITIONS - 4: 10
PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF TRONTEK 11
INTRODUCTION – TRONTEK 11
TESTING CONDITIONS - 5: 11
TESTING CONDITIONS - 6: 12
PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF EASTMAN 13
INTRODUCTION – EASTMAN 13
TESTING CONDITIONS - 7: 13
TESTING CONDITIONS - 8: 14
SUMMARY OF THE PERFORMANCE TESTING 15
IMPROVE PROFITABILITY FOR E-RICKSHAW OWNER 16
FEEDBACK AND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT 16
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ABOUT INVERTED
Inverted is an integrated sustainable energy solutions provider with a vision to contribute to clean energy
generation through focus on eMobility solutions and energy storage.
We partner with world class technology leaders to deliver bankable products backed by trusted pedigree.
The Indian automative industry is on a verge of disruption - lower battery costs, increasing consumer
acceptance and better total cost of ownership will create new and strong momentum for electric mobility
in the near future. We deploy clean energy technologies, promoting sustainability by working with
organisations in developing projects that deliver innovation that move the world forward. We provide
scale, scalability and long term commitment our customers need for success.
India is at a transformative junction in it’s development in the the field of eMobility and Inverted will be
catalyst in the adoption of new technologies in eMobility by bringing the best brands at your doorstep.
ABOUT NARADA
Narada, established in 1994 in Hangzhou/China, has become one of the leading battery manufacturers
and global battery suppliers of the world. The main business is the development, and manufacturing of
backup, motive power and renewable energy storage batteries and these accessories.
Their leading products include the highly reliable lead carbon and Lithium-ion cells and batteries and
related components and subsystems. These products are widely used in telecom, electric power, railway
and other infrastructure industry and are also sought after to store efficiently renewable energy coming
from photovoltaic energy and wind farms.
Narada has a strong focus on research and technological development to foster its growth and supply
innovative solutions to its customers. With their 200+ R&D staff and the large and well-equipped R&D
facility, they have been able to offer innovative and differentiated solution.
NARADA’S LEAD CARBON BATTERY
Narada’s lead-carbon battery is a perfect combination, which contains advantages of high energy capacity
and density from lead-acid battery, as well as high power rate, fast charging and long cyclic lifespan from
ultra capacitor.
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FIGURE: NARADA’S ADVANCED LEAD CARBON TECHNOLOGY
With the advanced lead carbon technology, we would be able to increase the efficiency, provide greater
reliability and a hassle free experience to the e-rickshaw owner resulting in increased revenue, reduced
lifetime cost, higher life of the e-rickshaw. Below is a comparative performance between Narada’s lead
carbon battery and other traditional flooded lead acid batteries.
FIGURE: COMPARISON – NARADA’S LEAD CARBON AND TRADITIONAL VRLA BATTERIES
Lead-Acid Ba3ery Lead-Carbon Ba3ery
Life Time 7-8 months 2 years
Charging Time 8-10 hours 1.5 - 3 hours
Cyclic Life 300 900
Warranty 6 months 12 months
Ba3ery DuraPon About 10 hours About 12 hours
Available Miles Per Day 80-100 kms 180 kms
Cost Performance Normal Excellent
Maintenance Frequent Free
High Temp. Performance Normal Excellent
Environmental Friendly No Yes
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PERFORMANCE TESTING
“Without data, you’re just another person with an opinion” – W. Edward Deming
“In God we trust; all others must bring data” - – W. Edward Deming
It is critical to validate that the performance of the advanced lead carbon battery and to ensure that the
results remain consistent in the Indian driving conditions too, as they’re significantly different from China
and other European markets.
To measure the performance of the battery in the Indian driving conditions, we have built a testing
environment which is the close proxy to the real conditions to ensure that the results are consistent with
the actual performance of the battery.
At the time of designing the testing conditions, we made sure that we are factoring in the higher operating
temperatures in India, the uneven road terrain, the constant braking and acceleration.
STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS:
For validating the performance claims of the Narada battery, we have built a standard testing environment
and change a few variable to check the performance. Apart from Narada, we have tested the existing lead
acid batteries as well for a comparative study. The standard testing conditions are as follows:
E-rickshaw used – JANGID DELUXE X1
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ROUTE DEFINED:
LOAD – 200 KGS (Excluding the driver of the e-rickshaw)
TESTING SCHEDULE:
The schedule for testing the performance of the battery is:
TESTING PROCEDURE:
The testing procedure defined is as follows:
• E-rickshaw to be configured as per the testing scheduled defined
• Fully charge the battery and measure the peak voltage
• Record the current, voltage, temperature and capacity before the start of the test
Brand Type Capacity Controller Motor TesPng Report
Narada Lead Carbon 100Ah Narada 1000W
Narada Lead Carbon 100Ah CYK 1000W
Exide Lead Acid 100Ah Narada 1000W
Exide Lead Acid 100Ah CYK 1000W
Trontek Lead Acid 140Ah Narada 1000W
Trontek Lead Acid 140Ah CYK 1000W
Eastman Lead Acid 110Ah Narada 1000W
Eastman Lead Acid 110Ah CYK 1000W
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• Load the e-rickshaw with 300 kg & Initiate the test
• Measure and record the voltage and current after every 30 minutes
• Once the battery is discharged, record the voltage and current
• When the test is complete, record the total distance travelled, total time taken and the route
undertaken for the test
PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF NARADA
Testing conditions - 1:
Battery – Narada & Controller – Neared
OBSERVATION:
• Peak charging voltage is 56.2
• Total time taken for full charging is 4 hours. Fast charging of the battery was done till 75% of the
capacity post which the battery was slow charged
• Total distance travelled in one discharge (80% DOD) is 92 km
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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Testing conditions - 2:
Battery – Narada & Controller – CYK Controller
Observations:
• Peak charging voltage was 56.2
• Total time taken for full charging was 4 hours. Fast charging of the battery was done till 75% of
the capacity post which the battery was slow charged
• Total distance travelled in one discharge (80% DOD) is 100 km
CHART 2: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
CHART 2: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF EXIDE
INTRODUCTION – EXIDE
• Overall market share for Exide in the Indian e-rickshaw market is 44%
• Exide has multiple products for e-rickshaws having 88Ah, and 100Ah
• Warranty offered by Exide is 6 months for their mobility products
• Dense distribution network leading to greater coverage and faster service resolution
Testing conditions - 3:
Battery – Exide & Controller – CYK
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Exide battery was 8 hours
• Peak voltage of the Exide was 53.4V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 81 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART:
DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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Testing conditions - 4:
Battery – Exide & Controller – Narada
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Exide battery was 7 hours 40 mins
• Peak voltage of the Exide was 53.5V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 68 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF TRONTEK
INTRODUCTION – TRONTEK
• Overall market share for Trontek in the Indian e-rickshaw market is 12%
• Trontek has one product for e-rickshaw having capacity of 140Ah
• Warranty offered by Trontek is 6 months for their mobility products
Testing conditions - 5:
Battery – Trontek & Controller – CYK
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Trontek battery was 7 hours 40 mins
• Peak voltage of the Trontek was 50.9V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 80 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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Testing conditions - 6:
Battery – Trontek & Controller – Narada
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Trontek battery was 7 hours 30 mins
• Peak voltage of the Trontek was 50.9V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 72 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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PERFORMANCE RESULTS OF EASTMAN
INTRODUCTION – EASTMAN
• Overall market share for Eastman in the Indian e-rickshaw market is less than 5%
• For e-rickshaws, they have one battery having a capacity of 110Ah
• Warranty offered by Eastman is 6 months for their mobility products
Testing conditions - 7:
Battery – Eastman & Controller – CYK
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Eastman battery was 7 hours 40 mins
• Peak voltage of the Eastman was 51.7V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 89 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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Testing conditions - 8:
Battery – Eastman & Controller – Narada
Result Summary:
• Time taken to full charge the Eastman battery was 7 hours 40 mins
• Peak voltage of the Eastman was 51.7V
• The total distance travelled in one full charge was 79 kms
CHART: CHARGING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CHART: DISCHARGING VOLTAGE AND DISTANCE TRAVELLED
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SUMMARY OF THE PERFORMANCE TESTING
Over a period of month, we have conducted the performance testing of Narada’s advance lead carbon
battery along with 3 other flooded tubular batteries. The test concludes that the charging time for
Narada’s advanced lead carbon battery is half of the other flooded tubular batteries i.e. 4 hours.
With fast charging of the lead carbon battery, the e-rickshaw owner would be able to run the vehicle for
more distance discharge the battery 1.5 times whereas for traditional flooded batteries, the e-rickshaw
owner is able to discharge the battery only one time.
CHART: CHARGING TIME FOR NARADA’S LEAD CARBON AND OTHER LEAD ACID
BATTERY
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The below chart represents the average distance travelled by the e-rickshaw in one full charge for each of
the battery tested. For Narada’s advanced lead carbon battery, the distance was 92 kms versus for the
70-75km for the other flooded tubular lead acid battery.
CHART: CHARGING TIME FOR NARADA’S LEAD CARBON AND OTHER LEAD ACID BATTERY
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0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Narada Eastman Trontek Exide
8
7.66677.6667
4.1667
0
25
50
75
100
Narada Trontek Eastman Exide
81
89
80
100
68
79
72
92
Mileage - Narada Mileage - CYK
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IMPROVE PROFITABILITY FOR E-RICKSHAW OWNER
With the advanced lead acid battery, we are able to generate greater returns of the e-rickshaw with the
increased daily revenue and reduced overall cost of ownership of the battery.
The below table refers to the test results from deploy batteries in two e-rickshaws, one with Narada’s
advanced lead acid battery and other with Exide’s flooded tubular lead acid battery with 100Ah capacity.
Over the life of Narada’s advanced lead carbon ba3ery, the e-rickshaw owner would be able to earn
an addiPonal Rs. 1,25,000 is 5 Pmes more than the addiPonal cost of the lead carbon ba3ery over
the flooded tubular lead acid ba3ery.
FEEDBACK AND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT
Over the course of testing and interacting with various stakeholders in the ecosystem, there are quite a
few feedback and areas of improvement that we have observed.
1. The fast charging of the battery by Narada’s fast charger is only up to 75% of the battery
capacity. After 75%, the charging automatically moves to slow charging thereby reducing the
overall value proposition of the Narada battery getting charged in 1.5 hours
2. The Indian electrical infrastructure at the e-rickshaw owner’s house/parking lot is not completely
equipped to handle a total current of 50A
3. Narada’s lead carbon battery’s compatibility with other controller is not there limiting the overall
addressable market. We can only target e-rickshaw manufacturers who are willing to take both
battery and controller from us
4. Narada’s battery dimensions are not in line with the cabinet of the e-rickshaw thereby causing
issues in fitment
5. Narada’s controller limits the current flow once the battery is discharged 70% thereby affecting
the speed of the e-rickshaw. While the overall life of the battery is enhanced, the e-rickshaw
owner compares the daily performance and doesn’t completely look after the life of the battery
Narada Exide
Total km travelled 122 87
Total km of trip completed 22 15.0
Average distance travelled per trip 5.5 5.8
Average number of passenger per trip 4.2 4.3
Average revenue per passenger 10 10
Total revenue generated per trip 42 43
Total revenue generated per day 924 645
Increased earning over VRLA ba3ery 43%
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6. The primarily market for e-rickshaw is states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal where last mile mobility is a very big challenge. For us, to penetrate the market, we will
have to develop service capability in each of these cities
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