Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique where parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the projection plane. It can produce multiview drawings with different views of an object in two dimensions or axonometric drawings with all three dimensions in one view. Both are used in technical drawing for communication and representation of objects accurately.

1. 5
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the
projection plane
MEANING
Object views from top
Projection plane
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4

2. Orthographic projection technique can produce either
1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for
communication.
NOTES
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW

3. Axonometric (Isometric) Drawing
Easy to understand
Right angle becomes obtuse angle.
Circular hole
becomes ellipse.
Distortions of shape and size in isometric drawing
Advantage
Disadvantage Shape and angle distortion
Example

4. Multiview Drawing
It represents accurate shape and size.
Advantage
Disadvantage Require practice in writing and reading.
Multiviews drawing (2-view drawing)
Example

5. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
Horizontal Plane (HP),
Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP )
Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)
Different Reference planes are
FV is a view projected on VP.
TV is a view projected on HP.
SV is a view projected on PP.
And
Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)
IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT
ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES
OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE

7. Orthographic Projections are a collection of 2-D drawings that work together to give an
accurate overall representation of an object.
Defining the Six
Principal Views or
Orthographic Views
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8. 

A.V.P.
 to Hp &  to Vp
PLANES
PRINCIPAL PLANES
HP AND VP
AUXILIARY PLANES
Auxiliary Vertical Plane
(A.V.P.)
Profile Plane
( P.P.)
Auxiliary Inclined Plane
(A.I.P.)

9. Object
PICTURE
PLANE
Observer

13. Glass Box Approach

14. Glass Box Approach

15. Glass Box Approach

16. Glass Box Approach

17. Glass Box Approach

18. Glass Box Approach

19. Conventional Orthographic Views
Height
Depth
Width
Front View
Top
View/Plan
Right
Side
View

20. Thank You