Multi function material for sustainable development by Arvind Kumar saxena.

1. Multifunctional Materials for
Sustainable Development
By
Arvind Kumar Saxena
General President [Elect.]
Indian Science Congress Association [Kolkata]
Ex Director and Out Standing Scientist
DMSRDE, Kanpur, [DRDO], Govt of India
Ex Director, Institute of Basic Science
Bundelkhand University, Jhansi

2.  Introduction
 Inorganic Polymers
 Precursor Material (Polycarbosilane ) as
Multifunctional Material: Synthesis and
Applications
 Polyphosphazene as Multifunctional Material :
Synthesis and Applications
 Conclusion
Outline

3. Material Science Development
• Stone Age Bronze Age Steel Age
Polymer Age(1860- Contd.)
FRP Composites
CFCMCs & CMCs Nano Materials
Nano Composites
Multifunctional
Materials(FGM ,Dendritic)
Biomimetic Composites

4. Effects of Unsustainable Developments

5. MATERIAL WORLD
Structural Materials
Supporting Materials
Electronic Materials
Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Conducting polymers
Semiconductors
Rubber & Adhesives
Oil, Lubricants & Greases
Photo resist materials
Specialty Materials
Inorganic Polymers
Precursor Materials
Composite
Materials
Hybrid Materials
Multifunctional
Materials
Synthetic
Metals
Polysulphur -S-S-S-
Phosphonitriles -P=N-P=N-
Silicones -Si-O-Si-O-
Silazanes -Si-N-Si-N-
Polysilanes -Si-Si-Si-Si-
Polycarbosilanes –Si-C-Si-C-
Segments of Organic &
Inorganic Polymers
FGM
Dendrimers
MPM
Fiber +Resin
Nano Materials

7. DICHLORODIORGANO SILANES
SODIUM
Sonochemical Conventional
POLYSILANES
Binary Solvents + PTC
CERAMIC MATERIALS
Si-C
POLYCARBO SILANE
PYROLYSIS
OVERVIEW OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SIC PRECURSOR MATERIALS
220 -450 0c
~125 h 

8. H3C
Si Si Si
Si
H
CH3
H3C
CH3
H Si
CH2
H
Si
CH2
CH3
CH3
Si
H
CH3
H
CH3
H
H2C
Si
HC
Si
C
CH3
H
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH3
Si
CH
CH3 CH2
Si
POLYCARBOSILANE [PCS]
Polycarbosilane is prepared by the thermal back bone
rearrangement of Polysilanes specially Poly-
dimethylsilane PCS is the only material used for
making SiC fibers sofar.

9. IR Spectra of PDMS and PCS

10. 29Si MAS NMR data on Polycarbosilane
The peaks at 0 and -17 ppm are assigned to SiC4 and SiC3H, respectively. The SiC4 peak shows a
shoulder at about 7 ppm, suggesting the presence of C3SiO species .This result might be due to

11. Conversion of PCS to SiC
Polycarbosilane
Amorphous,Black Powder
( Si C )
Ar 650°C
930°C
1200°C
1500°C
Ar
Ar
Ar
Amorphous, Nonsoluble,
Non meltable PCS
Bluish Violet Black
(Mixture of  &  Si C)
Bluish Green
(crystalline  Si C )
Cubic() , Hexagonal()

12. X- Ray of PCS(N) pyrolysed at ~950 C

13. X- Ray of PCS(N) pyrolysed at ~1200  C

14. X- Ray of PCS(N) pyrolysed at ~1500  C

15. Applications of Polycarbosilane
• Preparation of SiC and M-SiC fibers
• Resin Matrix for C-SiC and SiC-SiC composites
• Refractory materials
• Reactive diluent for certain organic resins
• Coating material for Oxidation prone substances
• Thermal Barrier Coatings and Paints
• Magnetic SiC Material Precursor
• SiC Nano Materials
• High Performance Lubricants
• Resin Matrix for SiC monolithic shaped articles
• Next Generation Sensors
• Functionally Graded materials

16. 
Preparation of SiC and M-SiC fibers

17. Melt Spinning Apparatus

18. Temperature at Various Points in Melt Spin Unit
Entry (Feed Zone)
Centre (Transition Zone)
Front(End of Compression Zone)
Metering Pump
Upper Block(Just below Metering pump)
Lower Block (Just above Spinneret)
Filter pack(between lower block & Spinneret)
100 0C
130 0C
140 0C
145 0C
140 0C
140 0C
145 0C

21. PCS fiber-190810
50X (26 micron)
PCS fiber- 190810
100X (32 micron)
SiC fiber-19082010
10X-(11micron)
SiC fiber-19082010
10X-(10 micron)
Pyrolysis of Poycarbosilane Fiber to SiC fiber

23. Al-SiC Fibers
SEM photograph of Al-SiC fibre
( Prepared from Al-PCS and cured in air
and pyrolyzed at 1300 °C in Argon)

24. PCS fiber-190810
50X (26 micron)
PCS fiber- 190810
100X (32 micron)
SiC fiber-19082010
10X-(11micron)
SiC fiber-19082010
10X-(10 micron)
Pyrolysis of Poycarbosilane Fiber to SiC fiber

25. Typical environment at the rocket-motor nozzle exit
Temperature 2500-3000K
Mass flow in the exhaust gases 50-70 kg / s
Velocity of the exhaust gases 3-4 Mach
Alumina particle content in exhaust 17-21%
Property With carbon-Fibers (3D COMPOSITES)
Unit PCS-
C-SiC
CVD-
C-SiC
LSI-
C-SiC
Fibre content Vol% 42-44 42-47 40-43
Density g/cc 1.7-1.8 2.1-2.2 2.4
Flexural
strength
MPa 250-330 450-500 180-200
Tensile
strength
MPa 200-250 300-380 80-190
Young’s
modulus
(GPa) 60-80 90-100 60
Strain to
failure
% 0.3-1.1 0.6-0.9 0.15-0.35
Thermal
conductivity
W/mK 11.53
(100OC)
---- 30-35
Specific heat J/kg K 900
(100OC)
---- 800 (RT)
Thermal
expansion
coeff. (10-6K-1
Parallel
10-6 K-1 2-3 3 1-1.5
Perpendicular
10-6 K-1 4-7 5 5.5-6.0
Development of C-SiC composite via PIP Process
25

26. Carbon-fabric
Coating with resin
mixed with catalyst
Prepeg Cf-PCSG Laminate
1. Composite
Fabrication
2. Curing
Development of Cf-PCSG Laminate

27. Development of C-SiC Composite for jet vane by PIP Process
10 layers 10 layers 80 layers

28. Different view of C-SiC microcomposite
Each composit contains 3 to 5 layers of carbon Tow

29. Flexural strength of UD tested at IIT, K
Typical stress/strain curve of UD C/SiC flexural strength

30. Micro-structure of tested UD composites

33. 2000oC
Hypersonic, oxidizing environment
400sec
Development of C-PCS composite for C-SiC component

35. CRUISE VEHICLE
NEAR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT (400 secs duration)
ENGINE (1400 K)
ACTIVE COOLING
Cu-Cr-Zr(with Cu-Cr and
TBC coating)/ C-103
(with oxidation resistant
coating)
AIRFRAME
(1290 K) bottom
(1090 K) top
Silica tiles with Composite /
Aluminum alloy back up
(Metallic TPS)*
NOSE CONE (1400 K)
C–C / SiC (or)
C-C/SiC (ZrB2)
WING LEADING EDGES
(1260 K)
C–C / SiC (or)
C-C/SiC (ZrB2)
FUEL TANK
2219 Al / 2195 Al-Li
WINGS (1160 K)
Silica tiles with Composite
/ Aluminum back up
(Metallic TPS)*
CONTROL SURFACES
C–C / SiC (or)
C-C/SiC (ZrB2)
* For long term application
Groove Machining & Brazing

36. • ZrB2, HfB2, TiB2, HfC, ZrC, TiC
• High melting point, high hardness
• Good oxidation resistance
ZrO2 + B4C + C
mixed in ethanol
24hrs & dried
15⁰C/min
1 hr soaking
at 1450°C
2 hr soaking
at 1650°C
Zirconium
diBoride
cooling
10⁰ C/min
Synthesis of Zirconium di-Boride powder Development of ZrB2-SiC Composites
PCS
dissolved
in toluene
ZrB2 PCS
coated
ZrB2
SiC coated
ZrB2
Pyrolysed
1200°C
SiC +ZrB2
Composite
Hot
pressed
2000°C
Flexural
Strength
(MPa)
Vickers
Hardness
(GPa)
390 22
SEM - ZrB2 powder
SEM - ZrB2 - SiC composites
XRD - SiC + ZrB2 Composite
XRD - ZrB2 Powder
• ZrB2 powder synthesis method established
• Powder characterized
• ZrB2-SiC composite processed & characterized
Synthesis of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics & Development of UHTC Composites
2000oC, 400 sec
C-C : Single use
C-SiC: 2-3 times
UHTC: Multiple time use

37. SEM - ZrB2 - SiC composites
SEM - ZrB2 powder
Proposed work:-
Surface modification of ZrB2
Development of Composite

38. XRD - ZrB2 Powder
XRD - ZrB2 Powder
XRD - SiC + ZrB2 Composite

39. Flexural Strength and Creep
Rates of ZrB2-SiC composite
Temperature Flexural Strength Steady State
(oC) (MPa) Creep Rate (s-1)
25 1000
1127 497  200 2.6 X 10-10 s-1
[390]*
1327 356150 2.5 X 10-9 s-1
1800 125 (Excellent Strength Retention)
Levine et al., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22 (2002) 2757.
Chamberlain et al., in Euro Ceramics VIII, Key Eng. Mater. Vol. 264 – 268 (2004)
493.
* DMSRDE value

40. 50gm batch reaction
Development of ZrB2 for Ultra High Temperature Ceramic

41. 
Preparation of Ceramic Foam
Sponge – replication:
A preformed organic foam is taken in which a slurry of coarse
and fine powder is in filtered and pyrolysed to get ceramic foam.
Foaming agent:
Gas evolving constituents are added into melt of pre ceramic
material which during processing give foaming effect.
Space Holder method:
A removable material e.g. NaCl is sintered and compacted to
form a porous space holder which is infiltrated with PCS. The
salt is them removed (dissolved) leaving behind porous polymer
foam.

42. Typical Physical Properties of SiC Foam
Bulk densities available (g/cm3) : 0.10-1.45 (0.10-0.50)
Theoretical (ligament) density (g/cm3) : 3.2
Surface area (m2/cm3) : 0.08
Compressive strength (Mpa) : 1.3 @6% nominal density
Maximum use temperature (oC) : (in air) 1700
(inert) 2500
Preparation of Silicon Carbide Foam
[ Si-C] n [Si C] n
H -C-H SiC Foam
Me
H
H
H
Me H
H
H -C-OH
+
Organic Resin
PCS Foam
1100 0C
Application:

43. SEM of CLOSED CELL SiC FOAM

44. SEM Micrographs of SiC Foam

45. ABLATIVE LINER MATERIALS
•Many types of polymeric ablative liners are
available, but those based on silicone polymers are
particularly attractive.
•Ablation involves an endothermic chemical
reaction in which the liner material is thermally
degraded in a controlled manner to produce gases
and porous residue or char of glasses and carbon
having a low thermal conductivity.
•
•The heat required to sustain the endothermic
chemical reaction and the generation of gases
provides the cooling.

46. S.No. Name of property (units) Specification Achieved
1. Specific gravity 0.8-1.5 0.9-1.2
2. Shore ‘A’ hardness 40-70 45-65
3. Viscosity (uncured state), mPa.s 4000-40000 10000-15000
4. The back wall temperature in an oxy-acetylene test for
an 8mm thick liner on 2mm thick steel base (°C)
< 120 < 50
5. Peel strength of the bond between liner and metal (ksc) >10 To be done
6. Peel strength of the bond between liner and propellant (ksc) >5 To be done
7. Tensile bond strength of the bond between liner and metal (ksc) 6-8 To be done
8. Tensile bond strength of the bond between liner and propellant
(ksc)
>5 To be done
Development of Ablative Liner Material
Critical Technology Involved :
1. Low viscosity for easy casting at room temperature.
2. Thermal insulation at 3000 o
C.
3. Good adhesion with cage and compatibility with propellant.

47. Ablative Liner before Test Ablative Liner after Test
Temperature Profile of Oxy-acetylene Test
Test Results of Ablative Liner Material
Backwall Temperature Test
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (in secs)
Temperature
(deg
cent)
Thermocouple 1
Thermocouple 2

49. Hydrosilyl modified polycarbosilanes have shown to improve thermo oxidative
stability of carbon/graphite materials
PCS as Coating Material for Carbon Fibers, Fabrics & CNTs
Hydrosilyl modified polycarbosilanes have shown to improve
thermo oxidative stability of carbon/graphite materials

50. SEM Photograph of PCS coated CNT

51. SiC coated CNT
CNT
TGA in Argon
%

52. TEM of CNT

53. TEM of SiC coated MWCNT
Paper entitled “A New Technique for coating Silicon Carbide Onto Carbon
Nanotubes Using a Polycarbosilane Precursor” published in Silicon, 2009,1:125-
129.

54. Functionalization of MWCNTs
with PCS
Conventional
functionalization of MWCNTs
MWCNTs
SEM
1 2
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Raman shift / cm-1
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Counts
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Raman shift / cm-1
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Counts
1329.5
1573.5
1 2
Raman
1 2
SEM
1 2
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Raman shift / cm-1
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Counts
1337.9
1594.43
1889.24 2818.57
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Raman shift / cm-1
0
500
1000
Counts
1351.67
1599.78
2708.2
Raman
1 2
Stone-Walestransformation Amorphoussidewall
PCS coated MWCNTs Amine functionalized MWCNTs

55. PCS coating on Amidized MWCNT
Hybrid multifunctional nanotube
 Amidized CNTs show excellent dispersion
in organic solvent, so PCS coating could be
reduced as low as 0.1 weight percentage
 PCS group interact with the glass fabric &
epoxy and amide group also act as bridging
between CNT and epoxy
 Due to the excellent dispersion and
breakage of the CNTs bundles, the PCS
coating is uniform
Uniform PCS coating on amidized MWCNT
Increased D/G ratio indicates the covalent interaction
SEM
1 2
Hybrid functional groups help to separate the CNT bundles
Patent applied for 2621/DEL/2012

56. αBlank = -27900 µm/m0C
αMWCNT = -3100 µm/m0C
αPCS-MWCNT = -1250 µm/m0C
αAmide-MWCNT = -1280 µm/m0C
αPCS-amide-MWCNT = -529 µm/m0C
Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA)
Epoxy –nanotube samples
Lower thermal expansion
coefficient (α) in hybrid
bifunctional MWCNT
indicates the strong
interactions between PCS
and amide functionalities of
MWCNT with epoxy
Higher penetration
temperature was found in
the cases of the composite
made of PCS coated
MWCNT which indicates the
higher thermooxidative
stability of the PCS based
composites

57. Smooth PCS fiber drawn by
electrospinning technique
PCS fibers has been
converted to SiC fibers
with porous wall by
partial annealing to grow
CNTs over it.
NST Div
Aligned
CNTs
growth
over
porous
SiC Fiber
(Bottle –
brush of
CNTs)
PATENT: Applied For

58. The Sustainable Value Portfolio
Tomorrow
Today
Clean Technology
•develop new competencies
•pursue leapfrog innovation
Base of the Pyramid
•meet unmet needs
•raise the base of the pyramid
Internal
Pollution Prevention
•minimize process waste
•enhance resource productivity
Product Stewardship
•lower product life cycle impact
•increase transparency/accountability
External

59. GO
COOH
HOOC
O
HO
HO
O
GO-PCS
PCS/Xylene/Reflux
150 0C/ 24 Hrs
GO-Acid
Chloride
GO-PCS
Hydroxy PCS/
Dry DCM/
Dry Pyridine
Stirring r.t. 24 Hrs
Under Ar
SOCl2
PCS functionalized GO
Collaborative Work
IIT, Kharagpur
IIT, Kanpur
Vels University, Chennai
Bundelkhand University, Jhansi

60. T=850 deg C
P = 20mbar
t= 60 min
T= 925 deg C
P = 20mbar
t= 60 min
T= 1000 deg C
P = 20mbar
t= 60 min
T= 1000 deg C
P = 20mbar
t= 60 min

61. Polycarbosilane as SiC Thin Film
Precursor Material

62. Unique Features:
 Indigenously developed and fully automated
 Manual override option
 Capability to handle liquid and/or solid precursors
 Capability for operation in ALD mode
 Capability to work on different material systems
 The Capability to produce super-lattices
 It is possible to use the system to make core/shell
nanostructures.
Organometallic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE) System for
Semiconductor Thin Films :
2/10

63. Main components of CVD equipment
(a) Chemical vapour precursor supply system,
(b) CVD reactor,
(c) Effluent gas handling system.
Process principles and deposition mechanism
 Generation of active gaseous reactant species.
 Transport of the gaseous species into the reaction chamber.
 Gaseous reactants undergo gas phase reactions forming intermediate species:
(a) at a high temperature above the decomposition temperatures
Homogeneous Gas phase reaction: powder
 (b) at temperatures below the dissociation of the intermediate phase
Heterogeneous gas phse reaction: Thin films/coating

64. Deposition of SiC Thin Films by OMVPE using LPCS Precursor
* Si
CH3
H
CH2 *
n
OMVPE
800o
C
SiC Thin Films
Deposition Parameters
Precursors: LPCS (160)
Substrate : Si (100)
Td : 800 oC
Pd : 100 Torr
Carrier gas : Ar
Flow Rate : 15 SCCM
Duration : 1 hr
• Liquid PCS is the potential precursor material for
SiC thin films deposition by CVD or OMVPE.
• SiC thin Films deposited with and without
catalyst.
• The films deposited using catalyst shows good
quality
Films Sheet
Resistance
Ω/•
SiC 1 x 107
Fe/SiC 0.59
Co/SiC 0.66
Ni/SiC 0.61
Siliconcarbide (SiC)
 a wide band gap semiconductor
 chemically inert to the most corrosive and erosive
chemicals
Attractive for-
 High power and high frequency electronic devices &
 Radiation-hard environment
Due to its excellent physical properties such as-
 High thermal conductivity
 High break down field &
 High saturation velocity

65. RMS: 146 nm
RMS: 16.4 nm
RMS: 33.2nm
RMS: 10 nm
Ni/SiC
Ni/SiC
Co/SiC
Fe/SiC
SiC
AFM and SEM micrographs of SiC
SiC
Cata
lyst
elements At%
nil Si -
C -
Fe Fe 5.23
Si 40.78
C 53.99
Co Co 7.01
Si 38.17
C 54.82
Ni Ni 0.27
Si 76.34
C 62.07

66. SiC Coatings on Silicon (111) wafer by CVD
For Enhancing Mechanical properties
A. K. Saxena et.al, Appl.Srf. Sci., 270 (2013) 219– 224
FTIR spectra of polycarbosilane
(a) uncured, (b) cured at 800 ◦C,
(c) cured at 900 ◦C and (d) cured at 100
GA-XRD plot of (a) 800 ◦C, (b) 900 ◦C and (c) 1000 ◦C
deposited SiC films derived from LPCS.
TEM image of the SiC coated silicon substrate
an interfacial layer of SiO2. The inset shows t
SAED pattern of the SiC coating.
FESEM micrograph of the coating deposited at
(a) 800 ◦C (b) 900 ◦C and (c) 1000 ◦C.

67. load verses hardness for (a) uncoated Si wafer, (b) SiC coated Si wafer cured at different t
(c) Fracture toughness of the SiC coated Si wafer cured at Three different temperature.
Vickers indentation on (a) bare silicon wafer at 0.25 N load
(b) bare silicon wafer at1 N load (c) SiC coated silicon wafer at
0.25 N load and (b) SiC coated silicon wafer at 1 N load
Hardness and fracture toughness increases
with increase deposition temperature.

68. (a) I-V characteristics of SiC coated Si at 900oC,
(b) Log I-V characteristics for the SiC coated Si wafer at 900oC.
A novel carbon rich crystalline (C) SiC/Si(n) interface using liquid
Polycarbosilane as Precursor- A unique schottky junction
A. K. Saxena et al, J. Mat. Chem. C, 1(2013) 6945-6951
Conclusion:
 Estimated value of the breakdown voltage and the leakage
current density were found to be 69 V and 8.13 x 10_4 A cm_2
at 30 oC.
 The High breakdown voltage is due to the formation of
crystalline β-SiC films with excess carbon.

69. Schematic diagram of a general process for in situ formation of functional surface layer on
ceramic “precursor ceramic” indicate precursor polymers( PCS. MCPS. PSS and so on)
Functionally Graded Ceramics

70. Precursor Material for High temperature
Electronics Application
• A unique source for SiC thin films for high
temperature Semiconductor application. For
the first time DMSRDE has reported the
work which has been put on the web site of
NASA and an American Company PAM-
XIAMEN
Liquid polycarbosilane derived SiC
coating on silicon (1 1 1) wafer for
enhanced mechanical properties
The Smithsonian/NASA
Astrophysics Data System
Liquid polycarbosilane derived SiC coating on silicon (1 1 1)
wafer for enhanced mechanical properties
Mukherjee, Jonaki; Ranjan, Ashok; Saxena, A. K.; Das, Probal Kumar;
Banerjee, Rajat
Applied Surface Science, Volume 270, p. 219-224

71. Si
H2
C
*
CH3
H
Si *
CH3
H
O
O
O
a
Si
H2
C
*
CH3
Si *
CH3
O
O
O
O
O
O
Si
H2
C
*
CH3
Si *
CH3
O
O
O
O
OR
OR
OR
OR
b
Where,
(a) Dry THF, H2PtCl6, 24 hr;
(b)Cuprous oxide,isodecanol, reflux
4 hrs.
R = alkylalkohol 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Wavenumber (cm
-1
)
PCS
Hydrosilylated PCS
Esterified Product
%T
S.
No.
Compounds Pour point
(°C)
Flash point
(°C)
Viscosity at
40 °C (cSt)
Viscosity
at 100 °C
(cSt)
Density
(g/mL)
Load
Bearing
Capacity
(Newton)
1. Polycarbosilane base stock
solution
-50 to -60 175- 220 21.35 5.15 ≈ 1.0 540-588
2. Polycarbosilane lubricants -55 to -60 220-240 25.1-39.4 5.15-7.52 0.94-1.0 580-608
Physical properties of oligo and poly-carbosilane base stock solutions & Their
Lubricants
Development of Polycarbosilane based Complete Neutral esters and Their Lubricants
Objective: Development of neutral esters and their lubricants
Own Contributions: Synthesized and characterized base stock solution and their
lubricants
1. Indian Patent: Process for the preparation of oligo and poly-carbosilane esters a base stock for high
performance lubricants. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta Nigam & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey,
2094/DEL/2015. 2. Indian Patent: Process for the Synthesis of complete Neutral Di and Polyol Esters
and Thermal Resistant Lubricants. Arvind Kumar Saxena Vineeta Nigam, Mritunjay Kumar Pandey & C.
S. Bisaria, 2712/DEL/2015 3. Indian Patent: Composition comprising carbosilane ester. Arvind Kumar
Saxena, Vineeta Nigam & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, 3092/DEL/2015 6/10

72. Publication on Organosilicon Based Materials:-
1-Optical Characterization of Polysilane Thin Films, A. Sharma, Deepak, Satyendra Kumar. M. Katiyar, A. K.
Saxena, A. Ranjan, R. K. Tewari, Synthetic Metals, 139 (2003) 835-837.
2-Some Thermal Studies of Polysilanes and Polycarbosilanes, Sanjeev K. Shukla, Rajesh K. Tewari, Ashok
Ranjan, A. K. Saxena and G.N.Mathur, Thermochemica Acta, 424(1-2) (2004) 209-217.
3-A New Technique for Coating Silicon Carbide onto Carbon Nanotubes using a Polycarbosilane Precursor”,
Rakesh K. Gupta, Raghwesh Mishra, K. Mukhopadhyay, R. K. Tewari, Ashok Ranjan and Arvind K. Saxena,
Silicon, 1 (2009) 125-129.
4-Synthesis and Characterisation of Some Novel Silicon Esters and Their Application as Lubricant Base Stock
Solution”, Kanak Saxena, C. S. Bisaria and A. K. Saxena, App. Organomet. Chem., 23 (2009) 535-540.
5-Synthesis of Fe-SiC Nanowires via Precursor Route”, R. Mishra, R. K. Tiwari, A. K. Saxena, J.Inorg. &
Orgnometallic Polymers & Materials, 6 (2009) 9259.
6-Studies on The Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Alkoxsilanes Terminated Organosilicone Dendrimers”.
Kanak Saxena, C. S. Bisaria and Arvind.K. Saxena, J.Applied Organomet. Chem., 24 (2010)251-256.
7-Studies on the Rheological Behaviour of Polycarbosilane Part I. Effect of Time, temperature and
Atmosphere”, R. K. Gupta, R. Mishra, Ashok Ranjan & A. K. Saxena, Silicon, 3(2011)27-35.
8-A novel carbon rich crystalline (C) SiC–Si(n) interface using liquid polycarbosilane as a precursor – a unique
Schottky junction”, Jonaki Mukherjee, Ashok Ranjan, Arvind K. Saxena, Sankar Karan,Dwijesh K. Dutta
Majumder, Arnab Ghosh, Sujan Ghosh, Probal K. Dasa and Rajat Banerjee; J. Mater. Chem. C, 1, 6945, (2013).
9-“Liquid polycarbosilane derived SiC coating on silicon(111) wafer for enhanced mechanical properties”,
Jonaki Mukherjee, Ashok Ranjan, Arvind K. Saxena, Probal K. Das and Rajat Banerjee; Applied Surface
Science, 270 (2013) 219-224.
10-Mechanical and tribological properties of silicon carbide coating on to Inconel alloy from liquid pre-
ceramic precursor”, J. Mukherjee, S. Chkraborty, S. Chakravarty, A. K.Saxena, Ashok Ranjan and P K Das;
Ceramic International 40 (2014) 6639-6645.

73. 11-Studies on the Synthesis and Reaction of Silicone oxirane Dendrimers and their thermal & rheological
properties”, Sangeeta Kandapal & A. K. Saxena, European Polymer Journal, 58 (2014) 115–124.
12-Wide visible and unique NIR fluorescent from SiC nanocrystals embedded in carbon rich SiC matrix
derived from liquid polycarbosilane”, Jonaki Mukherjee, Arnavb Ghosh, Sujan Ghosh, Ashok Ranjan, A.K.
Saxena, Probal Kumar Dasa, and Rajat Banerjee; RCS Advances Comm. 4, (2014) 13822.
13-Rheological Behaviour of Polycarbosilane Part II: Effect of Heterometal (Al) Content and Nature of
Bonding with Si of Polycarbosilane”, Rakesh kumar Gupta, Arvind Kumar Saxena, Silicon, 6 (2014) 233-246.
14-Structural and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited Fe–SiC thin films”, Mukesh Kumar, Ramesh
Chandra, Manjeet S. Goyat, Raghwesh Mishra, Rajesh K. Tiwari, A. K. Saxena, Thin Solid Films, 579 (2015)
64–67.
15-Enhanced nano-mechanical and wear properties of polycarbosilane derived SiC coating on Silicon”, Jonaki
Mukherjee, Sujan Ghosh, Arnab Ghos, Ashok Ranjan, Arvind K Saxena, Probal K. das and Rajat Banerjee,
Applied Surface Science, 325 (2015) 39-44.
16-Synthesis and Characterisation of Silicone Dendrimers as High Performance Lubricants”, Sangeeta
Kandapal & A. K. Saxena, Jou. Of Org. Chem., 791: 232-237 (2015).
17-Synthesis and Characterization of soluble Silicone Imide Dendrimers as High Performance coating
Materials”, Sangeeta Kandapal & A. K. Saxena, Inter. Jou. Of Scientific & Technological Research, Vol. 4, Issue
6, 300-305 (2015).
18-Synthesis of some novel silicone-imide hybrid inorganic-organic polymer and their properties”, Kanak
Saxena, C. S. Bisaria, S. J. S. Kalara, A. K. Saxena, Progress in Organic Coatings, 78(2015)234-238.
19-Polycarbosilane Based UD C/SiC Composites Effect of in-situ grown SiC- nanopins onmechanical
properties, Suresh Kumar, M. K. Misra, Somar Mandal, R. K. gupta, Raghwesh Misra, Ashok ranjan, A. K.
Saxena, Ceramic International, Article in Ceramics International 41(10) · July 2015

74. Patents on Organosilicon Based Products:-
1-A process for the preparation of Neutral Diesters, Chandra Swaroop Bisaria, Arvind Kumar
Saxena, Om Prakash, Gyanesh Narain Mathur. Patent No.239820, Application No.,
1379/DEL/2003 Filed on 31-12-2003.
2-A process for the preparation of Polyol Esters,. Chandra Swaroop Bisaria,, Arvind Kumar
Saxena, Om Praksh and Gyanesh Narain Mathur, Application No.,1486/DEL/2003. Dated 23Aug
2003. Patent No. 262439, (21-8-2014).
3-A process for the synthesis of Polycarbosilane as ceramic material precursor, Arvind Kumar
Saxena, Ashok Ranjan, Rajesh Kumar Tewari, Gyanesh Narain Mathur, Application.
No.2254/DEL/2004.
4-Silicone Base Esters and Preparation Thereof, Arvind Kumar Saxena, Chandra Swaroop
Bisaria, Kanak Saxena, Application No. 2126/DEL/2009.
5-Polysiloxane Esters and Preparation Thereof , Arvind Kumar Saxena, Chandra Swaroop
Bisaria, Kanak Saxena, Application No. 2127/DEL/2009.
6-Preparation of SiC foams using Polycarbosilane as precursor material , Arvind Kumar Saxena,
Ashok Ranjan, Rajesh Kumar Tewari, Raghvesh Mishra, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Application
No.792/DEL/2010.
8-A Process for Fabrication of Aligned Carbon Nano-tubes over inorganic fibres- Alok Srivastava,
K Mukhopadhyay, A K Saxena 2784/DEL/2013.
9-A process for Preperation of Reinforced Carbon –Silicon Carbide (C-SiC) composite” Suresh
Kumar, R K Gupta, Raghwesh Mishra, Manoj Kumar Misra, Ashok Ranjan and Arvind Kumar
Saxena-192/DEL/2014.
10-Chemical Vapour Deposition of Silicon Carbide, Arvind Kumar Saxena, Ashok Ranjan, Suresh
Kumar, Santosh Tripathi, Raghwesh Mishra, Rakesh Kumar Gupta 1977/DEL/2014.

75. 11-Process for the synthesis of complete Neutral Di and Polyol Esters and
Thermal Resistant Lubricants. A K Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Mritunjay K Pandey,
C S Bisaria, Submission: 2712/DEL/2015.
12-The Process for the preparation of Oligo or polycarbosilane Ester as base
stock for high performance lubricants. A K Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Mritunjay K
Pandey, 2094/DEL/2015.
13-A process for the SiC deposition using plasma enhanced chemical vapor
depostion method A K Saxena, Ashok Ranjan, Suresh Kumar, S K Tripathi, R
Mishra, R Gupta M K Mishra, Submission:. No- TR/0588 dated 25-11-2014
(PD015195IN-SC/DRDO ref ERIP/ip/1401105/M/01).
14-Composition comprising Carbosilane Ester. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta
Nigam & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, 3092/DEL/2015.
15-Process for the Preparation of Low viscosity and High Density Thermal
Resistant Synthetic Lubricant. Vineeta Nigam, Mritunjay Kumar Pandey,
Sandeep Kumar, Amit Singh, & Arvind Kumar Saxena, Indian Patent Application
No. 201611011920.
16-Preparation of Hybrid Silicon Carbide Precursor Material for High Char Yield
Thermostable Resin, Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, Vineeta Nigam Abdul Rahman
Khan, Arvind Kumar Saxena, ERIP/IP/1501077/M/01.
17-Hybrid Organosilicone based Phthalonitrile Thermostable Resin and Process
of Preparation Thereof, Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, Vineeta Nigam, Abdul
Rahman Khan, Arvind Kumar Saxena, ERIP/IP/1501076/M/01.

76. PCl5 NH4Cl (NH3) P N P N *
*
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
n
Polydichlorophosphazene
P N P N *
*
O
P N P N *
*
OCH2(CF)
P N P N *
*
OR
OR
OR1
OCH2(CF)
P N P N *
*
OR
OR
OR
OR1
P N P N *
*
OR1
OR
OR1
OR
P N P N *
*
Amino acids
P N P N *
*
OR
OR
OR
OR
P N P N *
*
OCH2(CF)
OCH2(CF)
OCH2(CF)
OCH2(CF)
P N P N *
*
OR
OR
OR1
OR1
OR=OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3
OR1=OCH2CH3 etc.
Excellent solid electrolyte
for foldable Li ion
batteries
R, R1= Aryl or aryl
Amorphous
H
C NCH2R
pH Sophisticated
Bio-active Molecules
Fire Retardant
Glass transition
below -200°C
OR= Alkyl or aryl
Crystalline Materials
Membranes
Continuous fibers for
flame retardant
Nanofiber for biological
applications
P N P N *
*
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
n
Polydichlorophosphazene
BASE MATERIALS
Polyphosphazene
as
Multifunctional Material

77. Patents on Polyphosphazene Synthesis
Process for the synthesis of polydichlorophosphazene using new
catalysts & catalyst combinations. Mritunjay K. Pandey,
Vineeta Nigam, ERIP/IP/150060/M/01
.
Process for the synthesis of polydichlorophosphazene using new
catalysts & catalyst combinations. Mritunjay K. Pandey,
Vineeta Nigam, Anjlina Kerketta,, Sandeep Kumar & Arvind
Kumar Saxena ERIP/IP/1501074/M/01.

78. STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP
As any number of different groups could be attached on the backbone of the
polymer hence it is very easy to tailored the desired property.
Crystalline vs Amorphous Polymer
 Groups arrayed along the chain give more packed structure hence most of them are
crystalline e.g. F, Cl, CH3, OCH2CF3, OC6 H5
 When two or more groups are present the polymer become amorphous e.g. most of
aminophosphazenes.
Hydrophobic Vs Hydrophilic
 Polymer backbone is hydrophilic- N: form H bond. But it can be manipulated with the
side groups and by the degree they shield the skeleton
 Hydrophilic Groups- CH3, - NH CH3 -, -OCH2 CH2O CH2CH2OCH3, glucosyl- etc.
 Hydrophobic Groups- OCH2CF3, - OC6H5 etc.
Water stable Vs Water Erodible
 Most phosphazenes are water stable. The phosphazene having aminoacid ester side
groups, Schiff bases and species with imidazolyl, glyceryl or glucosyl side units are
water erodible.

79. Degradation Mechanism of Polyphosphazene

80. Polyphosphazene as Compatibilizer
O
O
O
PEEK
O
O
O
O
HBA 73% HNA 27%
LCP-A
P = N P = N
OCH2CF3
OCH2CF3
Br
O
O Br
Polyphosphazene
O
O
O
O
N
N N N
O
O
O
O
O
PEI
DDE
PMDA

81. Criticality: Dimensional Stability
Applications: Fire resistant Apparels & Composites
Methodology
• Compositions Preparation
• Rheological Studies to indentify
suitable compositions
• Melt Spinning & Electrospinning of Optimized
Samples
Preparation of Polyphosphazene Fibers

82. 1 10 100 1000
1
10
100
G'
(Pa)
osc. stress (Pa)
PPZ Neat
PPZ-UHMPE
Storage modulus of Neat
PPZ and PPZ/UHMWPE
composition
TGA Plot of PPZ/UHMWPE
(92:8)
PREPARATION OF POLYPHOSPHAZENE FIBER FOR
FIRE RESISTANT APPLICATIONS

83. 1 10 100 1000
1
10
100
1000
|n*|
(Pa.s)
osc. stress (Pa)
PPZ Neat
PPZ-UHMPE
Viscosity of Neat Polyphosphazene
and PPZ- UHMPE

84. S.No Compositions Tini
(0C)
Tf
(0C)
Char Yield
800 (oC)
Tg
(0C)
Tm
(0C)
LOI
(%)
Remarks
1. PPZ (100) 250 450 21% -48 75 >60 Does not catch fire
2. PPZ (92) +
UHMWPE (8)
325 400 20% -62 117 >48 Does not catch fire,
melts
SEM image of PPZ Fiber
Thermal Properties of Polyphosphazene and PPZ/UHMWPE Composition:

85. Preparation of UHMPE Fiber by Melt Spinning
Creep behavior: UHMPE viscosity reduces and it
is able to flow (entanglement density decreases)
Melt spun UHMPE Fiber
Compositions LOI Tg
(0C)
Tm
(0C)
Tf
(0C)
MFI
(g/10min)
Mechanical
Properties
Remarks
UHMPE(100) 17.8 - 114 450 No flow - Catches
fire
UHMPE(91) +
PPZ (9)
26.0 30 100 400 3.8 TS= 391
MPa
TM= 16 GPa
Does not
catch
fire,
melts
UHMPE LOI Increases: Fire Retardant Fibers
Patent filed:2960/DEL/2012
1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
compliance
J(t)
(1/Pa)
time (s)
UHMWPE
UHMWPE-PPZ(97:3)
UHMWPE-PPZ(96:4)
UHMWPE-PPZ(91:9)
Melt Spinning
Machine
85

86. 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
compliance
J(t)
(1/Pa)
time (s)
UHMWPE
UHMWPE-PPZ(97:3)
UHMWPE-PPZ(96:4)
UHMWPE-PPZ(91:9)
Creep behavior: UHMPE
viscosity reduces and it is
able to flow (entanglement
density decreases)
SEM image of UHMWPE Fiber

87. Fiber sample
Tensile
modulu
s (GPa)
Tensile
strenght
(MPa)
Elongatio
n at
break (%)
MFI
gm/10 min
T onset
(0C)
Tendset
(0C)
LOI Tm
(0C)
UHMWPE 18.2 415 138 No flow 450 500 17.8 130.0
UHMWPE
(91)+PPZ (9)
16 391 174 3.8 350 500 38 127.9
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of UHMWPE and
UHMWPE/PPZ Blends:

88. Criticality: Flammable
Methodology:
• Preparation of Flowable Compositions
• Rheological Studies to indentify
suitable compositions
• Melt Spinning of Optimized Samples
Task
• Nylon continuous fibers
Preparation of Nylon Fiber
88

89. SEM image of
Nylon/PPZ Fiber

90. Fiber sample
Tensile
modulus
(GPa)
Tensile
strenght
(MPa)
Elongati
on at
break
(%)
MFI
(gm/10
oC)
T onset
(0C)
Tendset
(0C)
LOI Tg
(0C)
Tm
(0C)
Nylon 0.52 45 72 3.2 375 490 23 90 220
Nylon(90)+PPZ
(10)
0.56 52 124 4.8 325 450 28 78 200
Thermal and Mechanical properties of Nylon
and Nylon/PPZ:

91. Fiber sample
Tensile
modulus
(GPa)
Tensile
strength
(MPa)
Elongation
at break
(%)
MFI
(gm/10oC)
T onset
(0C)
T endset
(0C)
LOI Tg
(0C)
Tm
(0C)
PP 0.81 30 100 3.2 225 370 18 -20 175
PP(90)+PPZ(10) 0.83 38 160 4.8 230 380 28 -35 170
Thermal and Mechanical properties of PP and PP/PPZ:
Achievement and applications: Flame retardant PP fiber with improved tensile strength and elongation
for fire retardant textiles.
SEM image of PP/PPZ Fiber
0 200 400 600 800
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
TG
(%)
Temperature (
o
C)
Nylon
Nylon/PPZ
Fig 2.TGA graph of PPZ & PP/PPZ
Constraints: Poor flame retardancy
Own Contributions: Spinning of PP/PPZ composition; Thermal, mechanical and
morphological evaluation of the fiber
Development of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Fiber
Indian Patent: Process for the preparation of flame retardant polypropylene fiber using polyphosphazene as an
additive. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey ERIP/IP/150072/M/01.
(a
)
(b)
Storage modulus of Neat PPZ and
PPZ/PP composition

92. Process Parameters for Nanofibers Synthesis
Distance between Two
Electrodes
10 cm
Concentration of the
polymer solution
20% Solution
in THF
Conductivity of the
Polymer Solution
3.75 x 10-6
S/cm
Applied Potential 15 KV
Polyphosphazene Nanofiber
Electrospinning Setup
92
SEM Images of Nanofibers

93. ELECTROSPINNING
SETUP
PREPARATION OF PAN/PNP NANO-FIBERS BY
ELECTRO-SPINNING PROCESS

94. PPZ Viscosity (mPas) Diameter (nm)
0 1012 380
10 1132 400
20 1348 440
30 1380 540
Characterization of
PAN/PPZ solution
Parameter Value
Voltage (KV) 15.4
Distance (cm) 10.2
Quantity (mL) 2.0

95. SEM image of Neat PAN
SEM image of PAN/PPZ
SEM image of PAN/PPZ after
stabilization

96. Application of Polyphosphazene

97. Constraints: To overcome the intrinsic flammability, poor thermo oxidative stability.
Own Contributions: Synthesis and characterization of fire retardant hybrid Epoxy-Phosphazene resin matrix and blends
SEM image of (a) Neat Epoxy
(b) LY556 + trimer epoxy blends
Samples LOI TS (MPa) TM
(GPa)
IS
(J/m)
Tonset
(0C)
Tmax
(0C)
Tendset
(0C)
ET0 20.0 23.0 3.5 730.21 350.44 354.29 493.27
ET1 25.2 23.1 3.7 820.84 354.53 362.97 522.91
ET2 35.7 23.2 4.2 900.12 361.61 370.71 489.61
ET3 36.0 23.5 5.1 920.10 368.53 379.74 472.10
P
N
P
N
P
N
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl a P
N
P
N
P
N
O
O
O O
O
O
CH2-CH2NH2
CH2-CH2NH2
CH2-CH2NH2
H2NH2C-H2C
H2NH2C-H2C
H2NH2C-H2C
P
N
P
N
P
N
O
O O
O
O
CH2CH2N
CH2CH2N
NH2CH2C
NH2CH2C
NH2CH2C
b
O CH2CH2N
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
H2C
H2C
H2C
H2C
H2C
H2C CH2
CH2
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
c
Cross -linked
Polymer
Where, a = NaH, THF, Ethanolamine, N2-atm, RT
b = Epichlorohydrin, 10% NaOH Soln
, 80 0
C,2 hrs, 120 0
C, 4 hrs
c = LY556, MNA, RT- 2 hrs, 120 0
C 2 hrs
Achievement: Significant increase in LOI (81%) and impact strength of blends have been achieved
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Blends
Fire Retardant Epoxy resin: For Pinaka Multibarrel Launcher
(b)
(a
)

98. Constraints: Formation of beads free Nanofibers of PAN, Melting of the main matrix
Own Contributions: Preparation of meltable PAN; Improving PAN/PPZ solubility in polar
solvents
to achieve desired viscosity and diameter for the production of nanofibers
Achievement: PAN melting is achieved before degradation and also successfully bead free uniform diameter PAN Nano fiber has
been prepared and characterized for further development.
SEM image of Neat PAN
PPZ Viscosity (mPas) Diameter (nm)
0 1012 380
10 1132 400
20 1348 440
30 1380 540
SEM image of PAN/PPZSEM image of PAN/PPZ after
stabilization
Characterization of PAN/PPZ
solution
Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/PPZ Blends, Nanofibers by Electrospinning Process
1. Indian Patent: Polyacrylonitrile (pan) based composition, fibers, process of preparation and applications thereof. Arvind
Kumar Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, 2929/DEL/2015
2. Indian Patent: Process for the making meltable blends of polyacrylonitrile &polyphosphazene suitable for making films
and fibers. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Mritunjay Kumar Pandey& Amit Singh
DSC of Neat PAN and PAN/PPZ
Polyphosphazene Polyacrylonitrile
Meltable PAN/PPZ
Blend
Twin screw
extruder
230°C, 80 rpm
8/10

99. Publication on Fibers and Fabrics:-
•Improved graphitization and electrical conductivity of suspended carbon nano fibers derived
from CNT/PAN composite by directed electrospinning, D. Roy, N. Tiwari, K. Mukhopadhyay
and A. K. Saxena, CARBON, 50, 1753 (2012).
•Needleless Electrospinning And Coating of Poly Vinyl Alcohol With Cross-Linking Agent Via
In-Situ Technique”, M.K. Sinha, B.R. Das, Anurag Srivastava and A.K. Saxena, International
Journal of Textile and Fashion Technology, vol. 3, Issue 5, (2013) 29-38.
•Influence of process parameters on eletrospun nanofibres morphology”,M. K. Sinha, B.R.
Das, Anurag Srivastava & A.K. Saxena, Asian Journal of Textile, Vol. 3, Issue 1, (2013) 8-14.
•Microwave interactive properties of cotton fabrics coated with carbon nanotubes /polyurethane
composite, K K Gupta, S M Abbas, Anurag Srivastava, M Nasim, A K Saxena & Ashutosh Abhyankar,
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 38, (2013) 357-365.
•Study of Electrospun Polycarbosilane (PCS) Nano fibrous web by Needle-less Technique”,
M.K. Sinha, B.R. Das, R. Mishra, A. Ranjan, A. Srivastava and A.K. Saxena, Journal of
Fashion and Textiles – Springer, 1 (2), (2014) 2-14.
•Study of Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibrous Coated Webs”, M.K. Sinha, B.R. Das, Anurag
Srivastava and A.K. Saxena, Journal of Nano Research, 27 (2014) 129-141.
•Study of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/CNT Composite Nanofibrous Webs”,
M.K. Sinha, B.R. Das, Anurag Srivastava and A. K. Saxena, Research Journal of Textile and
Apparel, 19 (1), 2015.
•Development of insecticide incorporated knitted fabric long lasting efficiency”, Priyanka
Katiyar, Sraddha Mishra, Dev Singh, Lal Chandra, Anurag Srivastava and Arvind Saxena,
submitted for publication in the Journal of Industrial Textiles. DOI NO. 1528083714537107
dated June.2014.

100. Patents on Fibre and Fabrics:-
1-Flame retardant composition fibers process of preparation and applications
thereof. A K Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Anjlina Kerketta
PCT/IN2013/000569- converted into INTERNATIONAL PATENT
2-Preparation of radar absorbing mesh structured fabric using conductive ingredients
for 8-18 GHz frequency” by K.K. Gupta, A.K. Saxena, Anurag Srivastava, S.M. Abbas,
Om Dev & Dur Vijay Singh, Submission:. No- TR/0588 dated Dec. 2013.
3-Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based composition, fibers, process of preparation and
applications of thereof. A K Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Mritunjay K
Pandey. 2929/DEL/2015.
4-Preparations of Flame retardant Nylon Fiber by melt Spinning Process using
Polyphosphazene as an additive. A K Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Anjlina
Kerketta, KP Singh, Submission:. No- TR/0588 dated 23-12-2014.
5-Polyacryonitrile (PAN) Based Composition, Fibers, Process of Preparation and
Applications thereof. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta Nigam, Sandeep Kumar &
Mritunjay Kumar Pandey, 2929/DEL/2015.

101. 6-Process for the preparation of flame retardant polypropylene fiber
using polyphosphazene as an additive. Arvind Kumar Saxena, Vineeta
Nigam, Sandeep Kumar & Mritunjay Kumar Pandey,
ERIP/IP/1501097/M/01.
7-A Novel technique for coating of Iron –Silicon carbide Nano- fibrous
WEB on Carbon Fabric, Mukesh Sinha, Anurag Srivastava, A. Ranjan,
Arvind Kumar Saxena Submission:. No- TR/0588 dated 18-6-2013.
8-A Process for producing multifunctional metal silicon carbide nano-
fiber web on a substrate and product thereof. Arvind Kumar Saxena,
Mukesh Kumar Sinha, Anurag Srivastava, Ashok Ranjan, Raghwesh
Mishra and Biswa Ranjan Das. 3035/DEL/2013.
9-A Process for the Preparation of Silicon Carbide Ceramic Fibers, Arvind
Kumar Saxena, Ashok Ranjan, Rajesh Tiwari, Raghvesh Misra, Rakesh
Gupta, Indian Patent Application No. 201611011921, 04 April 2016

102. Conclusion
Polycarbosilanes is a Multifunctional Materials for high
temperature applications ranging from Resin, Coating,
Refractory, CMCs, CFCMCs, Magnetic and electronics
applications.
PCS synthesis involved Green Technology
Polyphosphazenes are Bio degradable, Bio compatible
and Bio erodible and can be used for fetching
micronutrients to crops
An excellent material for generating flame retardency in
Organic Polymers and act as universal compatibliser for
immiscible polymers.

103. Acknowledgement-
•Dr. R.K. Tiwari, Sc- F
•Dr. Santosh Tripathi, Sc- F
•Dr Vineeta Nigam, Sc- F
• Mr. Raghwesh Mishra, Sc- E
• Mr. R. K. Gupta, Sc- E
•Dr. Mritunjay Pandey, Sc- D
•Dr. A. K. Singh, Sc – C
• Ms. Anjlina Kerketta. Sc- C
• Mr. I. P. Pal, Tech. Officer
• Mr. Prateep Bhattacharya, Tech. Officer
• Mr. A. V. Anand, Tech. Officer.