Past and future humans evolution

1. HOMO EVOLUTION
Author PPS : Adrian Toia
Music, texts and images : Internet
Main sources :
https://iho.asu.edu
http://futurehumanevolution.com
http://www.mysearch.org.uk

3. Australopithecines
• First definite Hominids
• Genus of Hominids until C. 2 mill yrs. ago
• Somewhere b/t 3 and 4 mill. yrs ago.
• At Laetoli footprints found proving bipedal locomotion
• Although Bipedal, still may have spent time in trees for sleep and shelter

6. Australopithecus Afarensis
• Debate as to whether diff. species or not
• Footprints found to prove bipedalism

7. Australopithecus afarensis enviroment

8. Australopithecus Africanus
• Jaw of ape
• Teeth of humans
• S-shape spine similar to man

10. Australopithecus robustus
• Larger molars and premolars
• Smaller canines
• Well-developed cranial crests and ridges
• Much heavier
• Taller: 4.5-5 ft. tall
Australopithecus robustus
is not thought to be an ancestor to
the Homo species
Lived during same relative time
as Homo species

11. Now on to species of Homo
• Different ideas on how Homo genus evolved
• Some say from Africanus
• Some say from Afarensis
• About 2 millions years ago

12. Changes
• Expansion of brain
– Had relatively small cranial capacities
– Why would brain size have increased?
– Possible reasons: Increased as a result of tool making
• Reduction of face, teeth, and jaws
– Lower face not as protruding
– Reduction in size of
• Face
• Cheek bone
• Jaw
• Babies born less mature at birth

13. Homo habilis
• Larger brain absolutely and relatively than Australopithecus
• Found in East Africa
• Slightly Larger and more developed brain
•Stone tools?

16. Homo erectus
• Appear 1.6 to 1.3 millions years ago
• Skull generally long, low, and thickly walled
• Flat frontal face
• Prominent brow ridges
• Relatively small teeth modern arrangement
• Fully developed vision area of brain
• Larger areas of speech, sensory, memory and
motor areas of brain
• Neck down, almost same as Homo sapiens
• Homo erectus began to hunt medium sized
animals

17. • Spears, stone throwing, and fire
Homo erectus

18. • Fire first appears 1.5 mill. years ago
• Homo erectus was able to spread out after development of fire

19. Becoming Human

24. Homo sapiens
Neanderthal
Early Humans

26. How will people look in the future? All we can do is to imagine…
From the physical point of view, science and technology
will change the course of evolution.
The logic of natural selection no longer has a role
in the conditions of technological progress in modern society.
Theory 1 - Human evolution by natural selection stopped.
Anthropologist Ian Tattersall and Steve Jones, Professor of genetics,
thinks that natural selection is outdated
because due to medicine, even the most the weakest or ill
can survive and pass on their genes.
Theory 2 - the human Species will continue to evolve
In the conditions of accelerated technological progress will appear "artificial selection"
Geoffrey Miller thinks that both the artificial and biological selection
will continue to play an important role.
Theory 3 - Age of space colonization
When we colonize other planets, in a long period of time
different environmental conditions could change people faster.
Theory 4 - Human Species will reach immortality
Nick Bostrom believes that artificial non-natural selection
based on the changes such as cloning, genes modification,
robotics, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology,
will lead to Transhumanism and immortality

27. Human race will
split into two different species
Genetic elite and Rest
HUMANS FUTURE EVOLUTION HYPOTHESIS - the 'natural' route.

28. Today
What will humans look like in 100,000 years?
After 20,000 yearsAfter 60,000 yearsAfter 100,000 years
Heads are a bit bigger to accommodate larger brains
Heads are even larger, and the eyes have grown too.
This would be a result of human colonization of the solar system,
for people living farther away from the sun where there is less light.

29. HUMANS FUTURE EVOLUTION HYPOTHESIS - the ‘artificial' route
Homo Sapiens have now reached a position where
three significant developments
could radically change the evolutionary mechanisms.
First, he has learned the fundamental concepts of evolution
and thus can start using them, rather than being driven by them.
Secondly, he has become able to manipulate his own genome directly,
making Lamarckian evolution a possibility;
although in this case the inheritance would be of desired,
rather than acquired, characteristics.
Finally, and most significantly,
he has begun to create artificial life systems
that may eventually supplant the whole notion of carbon-based life.
Homo Sapiens is now able
the move from carbon to silicon life forms
and to take control of the speciation process.

31. POSSIBLE FUTURE HOMO EVOLUTION

32. It is certain that there will be strong reaction to tinkering with the human species.
Not everyone will welcome it, and many will dissociate themselves
from genetic manipulation or cybernetic technology.
These people will remain as conventional Homo Sapiens or Homo Ludditus

33. Even in 1995, people have developed
silicon chips to interface directly
with human nerve cells.
Various cybernetic prostheses
and other extensions to the body
are available or in development.
Homo Cyberneticus - a new species
1. Chips in brain
2. Ears (implants)
3. Eyes (implant of retina)
4. Artificial heart
5. Electrical Stimulation
6. Bionic joint
7. Bionic hand
8. Bionic leg
9. Bionic Pancreas

34. Bionic Homo

35. Cyborgs
is a being with both organic
and biomechatronic body parts

36. Homo Robotus primus
humans and artificial intelligences
For a time at least, they will be the second smartest beings on Earth.

37. Future beauties

38. Homo Machinus
The many new species would not coexist easily with Homo Ludditus
A further branch of optimized biological man
with some cybernetic links can therefore be expected
We call this species Homo Hybridus.

39. Post Human
Humans and intelligent technology
are becoming increasingly intertwined.
Humans and machines will be effectively merged,
since differences in appearance will be meaningless.

40. Post Human

41. Post Human

42. Possible Future Evolution

43. Polls about Human future