F, B, A, D, G, C, E The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by attaching carbohydrate side chains. It acts as a sorting station, packaging modified proteins into vesicles for transport to their destinations, such as the cell surface. Golgi complexes are prominent in plasma B cells, which secrete antibodies to help fight infection. Goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium also have prominent Golgi due to secreting mucus into the gut.

1. Application of understanding and knowledge: The Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is a collection of fused cisternae which is broken down into compartments that make up the cis Golgi
network and the trans Golgi network. In close association, there are vesicles that bring materials to the apparatus
A description of the journey of a protein from the RER to the Golgi apparatus and then its subsequent movement through this cell structure has
been divided into the 7 statements shown below but they are not in the correct order
A The vesicles fuse with the membrane of the apparatus and empty their contents in the lumen of the cisternae
B Motor proteins walk along the microtubule track, dragging the vesicles from the RER to the cis face of the Golgi
C The membrane surrounds the product completely and pinches off to form a Golgi vesicle
D The protein is moved through the different compartments of the cisternae, where it is modified*
E The Golgi vesicle leaves from the trans face and is dragged by the motor proteins to the cell surface membrane
F Proteins are packaged into vesicles that bud from specialised regions of the endoplasmic reticulum called ER exit sites
G The modified protein reaches the trans face
1. Starting withthe letter F, put the remaining 6 statements intothe correct order by writing theirrespective letters
intothe row below[3 marks]
F
The Golgi apparatus is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis and a large proportion of these will be attached as side chains when it
acts as a sorting and dispatching station for the products of the ER
2. *By selecting aprefix fromyour topic 2 sheet and adding it before protein, name the modifiedproteinthat exits
the Golgi apparatus once a carbohydrate side chain is attached [1 mark]

2. The Golgi apparatus tends to be larger and more numerous in cells that synthesise and secrete large amounts of
substances like proteins or carbohydrates.
Plasma B cells (or lymphocytes) are observed as having prominent Golgi complexes when viewed under the microscope
3. Name the proteins secretedby the plasmaB cells and briefly describetheir function [2 marks]
Golgi apparatus are also prominent in the goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium where they secrete large amounts of polysaccharide-
rich mucus into the gut
4. Name another area of the body where these goblet cells (andtheir prominent Golgi) wouldbe foundand explain
your answer [2 marks]