What Was The Marshall Plan

What Was The Marshall Plan
At the end of WWII, the victors needed to determine a way to establish a new government in defeated Germany. All of the major European country's
industries were destroyed and an aid program was needed to re–stabilize their economies. As Germany was the sole major axis power, the Soviets were
determined not to allow major rebuilding of the country out of fear they would one day become aggressive again.
Germany was divided into four sectors between the U.S., Britain, France and the Soviet Union. The U.S. plan was called the Marshall Plan and its goal
was to provide massive financial aid to the war torn European nations in order for them to become stable economies based on freedom and democracy.
The Soviets feared any such rebuilding in Germany
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Marshall Plan Research Paper
Marshall Plan: The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a program in which the US gave over 13 billion dollars to
individual European countries to fuel the recovery of Europe between 1948 and 191. The plan was named after George C. Marshall who first
introduced the idea in 1947. Americans perceive this as being an altruistic approach to helping the world regain their footing after WW2, however the
Soviets did not share this notion. The Soviet Union viewed this plan as a way to infiltrate with foreign countries internal Affairs and refused to
participate. They also prevented Poland and Czechoslovakia from being included in the program even know they needed it greatly. The undertaking of
this plan contributed...show more content...
The US became involved in the war in 1954 as the biggest allie of South Vietnam. The war was fought in Vietnam which was an area of thick jungle
and rough climate with long period of hard rain. When communist powers took control in the north, the fight for vietnam and to end communism in
the country began. The US alone sent over 2.5 million troops to assist the South and the american public was outraged. US involvement lasted until
1973 when Nixon withdrew our troops and the communists took over Vietnam completely creating a socialist republic two years later. This was
important to the cold war because it was a big win for communism and a bigger blow to the US. I chose this event because it represented a time when
our country would do anything to fight

Marshall Plan Achievements
In 1941 an Army chief of staff during World War ll, named George Catlett Marshall purchased The Marshall House (Dodona Manor) in Leesburg,
Virginia. Marshall was a special envoy to China, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, and namesake of the Marshall Plan. He is best known as the
architect of the post–World ll which was incorporated as the Marshall Plan. Marshall has significantly affected many individuals due to his
achievements within the Marshall Plan, his moral character and his role within serving America. George Marshall is the most respected solider in
American history due to his supreme leadership abilities. His economic recovery program was known as the Marshall Plan which presented him with
Nobel Peace Price in the 1950s. The famous Marshall Plan was an American initiative announced in 1947 that theUnited States gave approximately 13
billion (130 billion in current dollar value) to Europe to AID. Europe approximately 13 billion dollars (130 billion in current dollar value) to AID
Europe. It was to economically support and rebuild European economies after the end of World...show more content...
Marshall demonstrated multiple problem–solving skills that left him the highest respect from his soldiers. For years, Marshall had been taking charge
and coming up with important decisions that take place in protecting millions of people. From a very young aged he learned how to lead individuals
due to his decisive mind and strength within his character. In 1917, he had helped the United States with World War I with his sharp leadership and
problem solving skills as the chief of operations. The impact that Marshall had with his strength followed through to when he was sworn in as chief of
staff for the U.S Army in 1939. His strategic planning and logical thinking made him built the army into succesful trained solders of

The Marshall Plan Essay
The Marshall Plan was implemented in 1948 in order to aid Eastern Europe in terms of its economy. In this investigation, I will explore factors that
could be considered the main goal of the Marshall Plan. While there have been historians who argued on whether what is the true intentions of plan, I
believe that the true intention was to revive Europe's economy. The plan was enacted during the beginning of the Cold War; causing historians to believe
that the plan was used to combat the Soviet Union, but does not explain why European countries prosper with aid. As European countries prospered
with aid, it created a relationship with the United States, giving benefits to both countries. The Marshall Plan is a plan in which was implemented in
Europe in order to revive the European Economy, as it was its main goal. The Marshall Plan, or the European Recovery Plan, was aimed towards
"reviving Europe's state of economy" (Fauri, Francesca, and Tedeschi pg.167). After World War II, As Europe's economy declined, producers in
Europe lacked confidence in their products. Europe's economy had suffered the "absence of goods in the market, political instability, and fear of
financial chaos;" however, as to what caused this conflict was by the lack of confidence of making income (Eichengreen pg.15). The United States
saw this as an opportunity to prosper their own economy and spread their corporations overseas. As such, the Marshall plan was enacted in order to
"liberalize production,

The Marshall Plan And The Truman Doctrine
believe that the Marshall Plan was in fact a method of guaranteeing that European markets allowed for US exports and that Marshall himself alluded
to this. It also states that the Marshall plan was a basis for many US foreign policies that are instituted today, wherein governments aid other
governments without any assurance that the aid will be directed towards those that require it. This source is useful as it shows an alternative
reasoning behind the US's actions, that their intentions were not entirely altruistic in that the Marshall Plan was implemented solely for the benefit of
the US and that the Marshall Plan was criticised for there being no guarantee of any benefit to other nations. b)Evaluation of Sources Source B: This
source is from the speech delivered by President Truman himself to the US Congress on the 12th of March 1947. This speech was written and
delivered in order to announce the Truman Doctrine, outline the purpose, reasoning and need for the Truman Doctrine and convince the US Congress
and people to support the rhetoric. This source is of value as it is from the president himself of the time, Harry S Truman, deeming it to be a reliable
source of information of the time. It shows the US's intentions behind the implementation of the Truman Doctrine, which were to protect Greece,
Turkey and the Middle East from falling to Communism, to uphold and put into effect the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and to assist
and support

Effects Of The Marshall Plan
Following World War II, all of Europe was left in a clutter of disarray. Instead of watching Europe endure the hardships left from the war, the United
States went to Europe's aid. From 1947 to 1952, European nations experienced a time of massive growth. The Marshall Plan called for the nations of
Europe to draw up a program for economic and political recovery from the war. The plan was a response to American concerns that communist parties
were growing stronger across Europe and that the Soviets might intervene. The Marshall Plan also reflected the belief that US aid for European
economic recovery would create strong democracies and open new markets for American goods. After World War II, The European Recovery Program
was instrumental in economically...show more content...
Since Germany was immensely affected by the war, the least the US could do was run to their aid. Since WWI, the United States had never wavered in
supporting Germany, but US citizens argued that the government felt obligated to assist them. Surprisingly, Western Germany was both economically
and politically stable. East Germany, on the other hand, was under the leadership of Russian dictator, Joseph Stalin. He formed the Eastern German
government into a centralized and dictatorial regime. Stalin refused to accept aid from The Marshall Plan because he feared the US was plotting
another anti–communist attack. General Marshall then felt the need to confront Stalin himself. Marshall approached Stalin saying, "The United States
hoped to aid those countries that are suffering from economic deterioration which, if unchecked, might lead to economic collapse and the consequent
elimination of any chance of democratic survival." (Nhd). He continued by stating that he "hoped to rebuild the basis of cooperation, which had existed
during the war, and that he had come to Stalin with hope, feeling that if they cleared away some of the tension it would be a good beginning for the
restoration of that understanding." (Nhd). However the tables turned when Stalin unexpectedly replied back, "Only the first skirmishes and brushes of
reconnaissance forces on

Essay On The Marshall Plan
The Marshall plan was the plan named after George Marshall on June 5, 1947, to aid Western Europe after World War II. The winter of 1946
–1947
brought intense suffering to the people of Western Europe and the only country economically healthy enough to help them was the United States. The
U.S organized a convention on July 12, 1947, to announce the plan, to which 16 countries agreed to the Marshall plan. The plan started in July 1948
and was immensely successful. Konrad Adenauer was a Traditional Catholic man and the chancellor of post WWII Germany and presided over the
Economic and Cultural resurgence of West Germany. He also set West Germany against the attacks from the soviet Union and communist threats.
Faced with the decision to stand...show more content...
Some of his supporters, G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt decided to wiretap the Democratic National Committee Headquarters at the Watergate
hotel. This was illegal and also unnecessary. During the investigation into the scandal, it became known that Nixon had taped conversations with him
and declined to release them. After being ordered to release the taped, it became known that Nixon had told the FBI to halt an inquiry into the
Watergate break–in, which made him an accessory to the crime. On August 9, 1974, Nixon became the first president to

Arguments Against The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan has been fruitful.All trusts/funds sent to Europe have been used for their proposed purposes.Almost all vast Western Eurpoean
Countries have profited from this arrangement.
It was for the best that the Marshall arrangement was put enthusiastically, Europe is gradually becoming more idependant.It is urgent for Europe to open
trade, bussiness and other organizations – for Europe herself as well as for us, America [and others] too. With the guide cash, Europe is modifying as
well as fortifying peace between her countries.And , God forbide, if America needs to go to war, we will have Western Europe as support and allies.
–
America will have their loyalties.
As we are helping reconstruct Europe,we are additionally keeping the

Marshall Plan Containment
"The originally propagated view that the Marshall Plan was an altruistic endeavour ... has long been dismissed." Instead, "The overwhelming body of
literature looks at the Marshall Plan either from a political and diplomatic or from an economic viewpoint." Overall, the Plan was primarily motivated
by the former, rather, than the later, albeit both were heavily intertwined. This is because containment and a fear of Soviet expansion categorised US
foreign policy for much of the postwar period, with economic considerations being the method used, to enact this policy of containment. The most
convincing argument why the Marshall Plan was a scheme driven primarily by political, rather than economic...show more content...
However, it has been argued that containment should not be seen as the underlying factor behind the Marshall Plan, due to the fact that Britain was a
recipient of this aid. This is because Britain did not fall within the sphere of communist influence, yet received the most amount of aid. For example, in
the 1945 General Election, the British Communist Party only won two out of six–hundred and fifty seats, receiving less than one hundred thousand
votes overall; thus, highlighting the lack of communist support in postwar Britain. Furthermore, the Marshall Plan was even offered to the Soviet Union
by the American administration. Despite being an empty gesture, if there was a genuine fear of communism and an overwhelming agenda to contain it,
why would they offer aid, in the first place, to the principal communist state? Joyce and Gabriel Kolko go further and ascertain that the US "cynically
manipulated a Russian threat in an effort to fasten economic control over the entire world." The Kolkos argue that "Truman and his advisers
deliberately exaggerated and misrepresented external reality, provoked and invented crises, and spurned genuine Russian offers to negotiate a
dГ©tente," in order to achieve greater world hegemony. Yet, it would be inconceivable that Britain, America's greatest ally in Western Europe, would
not receive aid, especially off the back of the harsh winter of 1946–47. This is because Britain faced an "imminent

The Pros And Cons Of The Marshall Plan
Belligerent, aesthetic, and eloquent, Joseph Stalin would counteract Marshall Plan using Molotov Plan, massacre millions of his own people to
obtain his power, and launch Russia into an industrialized era with purges, public executions, and ways of propaganda. Ruthless and blood full of
paranoia, Joseph Stalin would obliterate anything blocking his goals and ascendancy. Marshall Plan initially launched on April 3rd, 1948. It was
invented to aid European countries after the calamity of War World II. In addition to aiding Europe, it also granted over five billion dollars to
European countries. In the eyes of Stalin, this act was seen as "...a ploy by Truman. It [was] nothing like Lend–Lease– a different situation. They
[didn't] want to help...show more content...
Marshall Plan, already persuading European countries to allow United State's aid was a major threat to Stalin's influence of Communism. Stalin
needed something to distract the countries from Marshall Plan. Molotov, Stalin's right hand man, decided to invent Molotov Plan, a replica of
Marshall Plan, but funded by the Soviet Union. "History has shown there is no invisible armies," Stalin said during the speech on Molotov Plan
(Goodreads). Since Molotov Plan was already supported by Romania and other Communist nations, Molotov Plan looked as if it would overthrow
Marshall Plan. Molotov Plan only caught the eye of a few countries. Marshall Plan still out shined Molotov Plan. Due to lack of European interest,
Molotov Plan failed and Marshall Plan was launched. "The only real power comes out of a long rifle," threatened Stalin to the United States (UCCP).
Stalin's impeccable skills to invent a counteract against Marshall Plan required ingenious leadership skills. "I don't trust anyone, not even myself," said
Stalin when the USSR asked if Stalin trusted the United States (UCCP). To this day, Russia cannot decide if Stalin was a mass murderer, or the nation's

Marshall Plan Research Paper
Jessica B. Sanchez
Dr. Contreras
History 115
July 20, 20216
History 115 Final
After WWII the United States had replaced Europe as the ideal model for Progress. The media glorified what living in the US would be like; having
a refrigerator, and a car. This became increasingly unrealistic especially when Latin Americans could barely afford to dream of having a refrigerator,
let alone a car. To Latin America being next to a newly developed superpower has starting to have its downsides, especially after the US announced the
Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan spent a large amount of funds to Europe to help rebuild after the devastating war, although Latin America was allied
with the US, they had only received two percent between 1946 and 1959....show more content...
Later in the year in June, Castro bought Russian oil, the US oil refineries refused flat out not to process the "red" oil, as a result Fidel forcibly took
possession of the oil refineries. The United States countered this action with ending their purchases of Cuban sugar, which was actually responsible for
three quarters of Cuba's export profits. Cuba in return taking more US owned land, many taken from sugar mills, mines, and even telephone and
electric companies. During the 1960s, the United States had enough and declared embargo on all trade with

What Was The Marshall Plan Essay
In 1948, the wounds from most devastating war in human history were still fresh. Whole word was laid to waste, specially Europe. Entire cities had
been reduced to rumbles. Infrastructure had been left in shambles and economy was in complete in disarray. The Europe had been divided in eastern
and western bloc. At this time, the United States of America came up with a plan to save Europe from total collapse. Officially, this plan was named as
The European Recovery Program, although it is popularly known as Marshall Plan in honor George C. Marshall. Officially it was stated that the
purpose of the plan is to help rebuild Europe, give humanitarian aid, reestablish economy to bring Europe back on its own feet. Although this plan was
meant to help...show more content...
Strategic air bombings of factories all around Europe had left Europe without any capabilities to produce necessary goods. Unlike U.S. economy, the
war had destroyed 70 percent of the industrial infrastructure and collapsed European economy. In 1946, Hungary went through worst case of
hyperinflation recorded in world history. Daily inflation rate was 200%, which meant that prices doubled every 15 hours. In fact, the economic
condition was so bad that United Kingdom had to make rationing stricter following the world war II. Wheat rationing started in 1946 and potato
rationing started in 1947, full one and two years after the war had ended respectively. If despite winning the war, United Kingdom was suffering such
problems then one can just imagine the fate of countries like Germany which had experienced more than just the aerial bombing. This almost hell–like
atmosphere created sense of desperation among European people to seek any help they can get to get back on their own feet.
The condition of Europe and its desperation was well known in United State of America. There were numerous reports by United States government
stating just how bad the living condition was in Europe. The first steps towards Marshall came forward in form of the Truman Doctrine. President
Truman in a speech before joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947 announced

Marshall Plan After World War II
Marshall Plan was also invoked in the third world, global poverty, American inner cities, the Balkans, the Middle East, and, finally, Iraq. It can be
said that "Marshall Plan" has become a metaphor for any very large scale government program that is designed to solve a specific social problem.
Is today a new Marshall Plan possible to be able to deal with current problems of the world or do conditions like those that made the Marshall Plan a
success after World War II exist today?
The first section of this paper addresses the importance of Marshall Plan; why and how the program was adopted and principles of the plan.
The next part highlights what its essential features were, and why it succeeded in WesternEurope, concluding that it had

Western Europe: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a way to deal with offer assistance to war destroyed European governments to remake system and give occupations. This
wander was a meander of the Truman Administration and it passed on General George Marshall's Name since he made the principle addresses
proposing this course of action and in light of the way that his named passed on such an extraordinary measure of weight. The plan itself gave just
parts of what countries expected to reconstruct, be it steel, crude materials, seeds for harvests, hardware or coal just to give some examples things.
Every country gave a rundown of what it required and the US then worked with every country to organize what was accessible. The Marshall Plan
helped financially make Western Europe,

Research Paper On The Marshall Plan
Marshall was a famous and powerful general in World War || he was born in December 31, 1880 and raised in Pennsylvania. He created the
Marshall Plan in April 4th 1948. The Marshall Plan was George Marshall pointed out that economic and political chaos in those countries that could
bring about another world war. Marshall stated the new plan would be "direct not against and country or beliefs/ religions, but against hunger,
poverty, and chaos." The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the U.S. gave $13 billion in economic support
to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. George Marshall wasn't just a idealist, but In fact George Marshall was
also a bold and tough man. For example, when George Marshall made a strong impression on Roosevelt, during a White House conference, he
respectfully but decisively disagreed with the president on a policy issue. "Those present told Marshall he'd committed political suicide, but in fact
Roosevelt decided that Marshall's honesty made him even more valuable." Marshall wasn't just a bold and tough figure, also he was present at a lot of
important conferences with Roosevelt and later Truman. At which the Allies decided their next military moves, and...show more content...
For example, George Marshall created Fort Benning a military reservation and U.S. Army training center in Georgia; the largest infantry post in the
U.S. This was an important period in Marshall's career, because he was able to play a major role in shaping the army of the future. He oversaw what
came to be known as the "Benning Revolution." When George Marshall emphasize the new mobile warfare (conducted with tanks, airplanes, and
movable weapons and covering a wide area of ground) that modern soldiers would have to wage. Marshall taught his students not to rely on the
"school solution" or standard response to problems, but to be bold and

Marshall Plan Effectiveness
The most effective Cold War plan was the famous Marshall Plan. Some historians may believe that the most effective plan was Containment, but they
are wrong. These plans are considered effective for the lives the protect, the safety the provided, and the money they gave. This the safest, most
lucrative, most effective Cold War plan was the Marshall Plan.
Generally the Cold War lasted from 1949–1991. But it could've started earlier, "In a June 5,1947 speech to the graduating class at Harvard, Secretary
of State, George C. Marshall issued a call for a comprehensive program to rebuild Europe." (Historian, 1, 1947). Successful plans should be judged by
their effectiveness in the early years of the Cold War. To evaluate the effectiveness of the
...show more content...
The evidence for this comes from Rep. Charles W. Vursell wrote, "...20,000,000 that you would waste in the Marshall Plan, and spend them here at
home in building the strongest air force.. in the world." (Vursell, 1, 1947) Using this, is clear that the Marshall Plan is effective because the U.S.
would loan more money on other countries instead of using it here at home.
Some events show the Marshall Plan failing. One example is in China. As J.J. Joseph wrote, "... fact is that the result of the Civil War in China was
beyond the control of the government of the United States." (Joseph, 29, 1949) This shows now the Marshall Plan was not effective. But, this evidence
is not valid because the Marshall Plan was not involved and the timing was off.
Furthermore, another instance where the Marshall Plan fails was in Russia. As the History Channel wrote, "Soviet Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov
walks out of a meeting with representatives of the British and French governments, signaling the Soviet Union's rejection of the Marshall Plan."
(History.com Staff, 1, 2016) This shows how the Marshall Plan was important in Russia for the U.S. As a result, the Marshall Plan could not solve
the problems in Russia due to them no accepting our help. But, this evidence still does not address the issue because it was their voice to deny our
help. All the evidence provided helps show that the marshall plan is the best. If one considered the fast

How Successful Was The Marshall Plan
The United States saw the need to help Europe rebuild and came up with the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan gave roughly $13 billion in aid for
Europe to rebuild its economy after the end of World War II. The Marshall Plan spanned over a four year period beginning in 1948. The United States
have many goals with the Marshal Plan which included: to remove trade barriers, rebuild destroyed regions, modernize industry, have Europe booming
again, and prevent the spread of communism. The plan required a lot of different things but the main concern would be they adopted the modern
business procedures.
The largest recipient of the aid was the United Kingdom, followed by France and West Germany. The aid was divided by using the per capita basis.
The larger amounts were given to the major industrial powers since the goal of the plan was that their recovery was essential for general European
recovery. Aid was also directed towards our Allied nations with less for the other nations. The initiative is named after Secretary of State George
Marshall. The plan had...show more content...
Although most small towns and villages had not suffered as much damage, the destruction of transportation left them economically isolated. None of
these problems could be easily remedied, as most nations engaged in the war had exhausted their treasuries in its execution. The only major powers
whose infrastructure had not been significantly harmed in World War II were theUnited States and Canada. They were much more prosperous than
before the war but exports were a small factor in their economy. Much of the Marshall Plan aid would be used by the Europeans to buy manufactured
goods and raw materials from the United States and Canada. For this reasoning, the United States and Canada would be better off than the rest of the

The Marshall Plan Essay
The Marshall Plan
First and foremost, a great deal of Europe's success would not have happened without its initial aid from the United States. After helping destroy so
much of the continent, the U.S. pumped billions and billions of dollars back into the European economy through The Marshall Plan. It was named
after Secretary of State George C. Marshall, who said "The world of suffering people looks to us for leadership. Their thoughts, however, are not
concentrated alone on this problem. They have more immediate and terribly pressing concerns where the mouthful of food will come from, where they
will find shelter tonight, and where they will find warmth. Along with the great problem of maintaining the peace we must solve the...show more
content...
And even if factories and machines and capital goods were destroyed, it wasn't a huge loss. This permitted companies, along with money from
United States assistance, to buy newer, more technologically advanced equipment. Without U.S. help, they would not have had the financial
capacities to get this new industrial equipment, which proved to be faster, more efficient, and safer (Kindleberger, 113). All of the building and
rebuilding that needed to be done because of the bombing destruction helped sustain long term economic growth. Building trades prospered and
grew dramatically as entire cities like Stuttgart had to start from scratch (Wegs, 66). This meant that many jobs would become available, and there
were many people available to work. There were several reasons for the mass quantities of laborers eager to get to work. Soldiers had returned
home from the war with no job to come home to because of either destruction or replacement workers. Refugees fleeing from the eastern portion of
Europe occupied many countries in the west, especially West Germany, bringing about more bodies for work. Even workers from southern Europe
came to work. Europe's population increased by nearly 60 million thirty years after the start of WWII (Wegs, 67). There was plenty of cheap labor.
Because of the cheap labor of the immigrants and refugees, many businesses could keep costs low, turning outstanding profits, and

Europe: The Marshall Plan
The economy of Europe was crippled after the war and one of the first actions taken by the Eastern powers was the Marshall Plan. The countries that
participated were given a startup fund and were brought into the United States' economical orbit helping them get back up on their feet. Germany for
instance was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing leaving businesses and homes in pieces. They had to build from the ground up but with the help of
the US and other nations. After the combination of the 3 Western Allies zones they created a single new currency the Deutsche Mark. The Soviets
feared that this would crucially devalue their already hyperinflated Reichsmarks that were used in the east. This crippled the Soviets hold on Berlin as
well as Germany.

What Was The Marshall Plan

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