2. Contents
1. Aspects of the topic
2. Some topic-related vocabularies
3. Possible topic-related essays
4. Model idea brainstorms and answers
5. Speaking part 3
3. ● Small and large business
● Management and leadership
● Business and evironment/ society
● Materialism and consumerism
● International business
Aspects of
the topic
5. Essential vocabulary
• Business (countable noun) = a company
• Business (uncountable noun) Trade, or buying and
selling
1. An entrepreneur (someone who starts a new
business) >< A freelancer = a consultant (someone
who is self-employed but does work for other people
or companies)
2. A business = a company = an enterprise = a firm .
3. A venture = a new business (emphasising the risk)
4. A start up = a new business, often used to talk
about technology firms
6. Essential vocabulary
• An industry
Primary (mining, fishing, farming)
Secondary (car manufacturing)
Tertiary (services; teaching, nursing…)
Heavy (B2B; oil, shipbuilding)
Light (consumer-oriented; B to C manufacturing of clothes, furniture,
electronic gadgets)
• A sector (contains several industries; Agriculture, Education,
Retail, Financial services…)
• A market (where a number of companies trade)
To enter a market
To break into new markets
To discover and conquer new markets
To corner a market = to dominate a market
• Unemployment (n.) the number of people without a job
The rate of unemployment has risen recently
He is unemployed
He is on the dole (Inf. UK) = He is unemployed
7. How small companies grow
• They can invest
• They can seek investment
• Find an angel investor =a rich person who will
invest in a new company (usually become part
owner)
• Get venture capital =get investment for a new
business
• Make a lot of sales
• Open more branches (for on the ground
businesses / local business)
• Go global
• By investing / engaging in the community
• Get repeat buyers = sell to existing
customers
• Focus on a specific niche =a specific market
segment
• Take on new staff=employ new workers
• Diversify = sell new (lines of) products
• Don’t put all your eggs into one basket
• Keep costs low
• Get a subsidy = a grant, money from the
government to help you
• Improve the bottom line (your profit)
=revenue (income) minus expenditure (costs)
• Do good market research
8. Business and Society
1. Companies have THE SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS
= businesses should do more for society
= concerns about social responsibilities
= MAKE A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
= HAVE A WIDER ROLE TO PLAY IN SOCIETY (có vai trò lớn hơn trong xã hội).
= PLACE as much IMPORTANCE ON (chú trọng vào) their social
responsibilities as they do on st
9. Business and Society
2. Enterprises also need to have public responsibilities
= they should also conduct their business in a socially responsible manner
= all businesses should profoundly reflect upon their social responsibilities:
các doanh nghiệp nên suy ngẫm một cách sâu sắc về trách nghiệm xã hội.
→ enhance their public image through philanthropic actions (provide
scholarships + give charitable donations)
10. Business and Society
3. WHAT TO DO
● Owners and managers: treat their employees well
Ex. pay a “living wage” to ensure that workers HAVE A GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE
● Businesses: use a proportion of their profits to SUPPORT LOCAL CHARITIES,
environmental projects or EDUCATION INITIATIVES
● Company bosses: be happy to CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIETY THROUGH THE TAX
SYSTEM instead of trying to minimize their tax payments by USING ACCOUNTING
LOOPHOLES
11. International business
1. SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN KINH DOANH → DẪN TỚI MỖI LIÊN KẾT VĂN HÓA GIỮA CÁC QUỐC GIA
● International business → NEW RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COUNTRIES THAT
PREVIOUSLY HAD LITTLE CONTACT
- products from countries all around the world: available to the everyday person →
RAISES THEIR AWARENESS OF these countries
⇒ AS AWARENESS BETWEEN COUNTRIES GROWS, SO TOO DOES CULTURAL
RESPECT AND INTEREST
→ more people traveling abroad: EXPERIENCE NEW CULTURES THAN EVER BEFORE
Ex. the long lasting cultural interest between China and Europe which was initially brought about by the
silk trade.
12. International business
2. SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP DẪN TỚI SỰ MẤT ĐI LIÊN KẾT VĂN HÓA
development of business results in a loss of cultural ties between countries
= The development of business: had a negative impact on CULTURAL TIES BETWEEN
COUNTRIES
13. Leaderships
What is leadership? What is a leader?
• Someone who guides others towards a common goal
• Someone who motivates and inspires others
• Someone who builds an inspiring vision
• A leader needs to have a vision and be able to take others with them towards that
vision
• A leader does the right thing, a manager does things right.
• Leadership has nothing to do with titles or seniority, it is about directing people
towards a common goal.
15. Cosumerism and Materialism
General ideas:
a consumer society, materialistic, earn money, make money, make a profit, success,
material possessions, connect wealth with happiness, status symbols, the power of
advertising.
Positives of consumerism:
employment, income, salaries, products that we need, reduce poverty, better
standard of living, quality of life, creativity and innovation, trade between countries.
Negatives:
create waste, use natural resources, damage to the environment, throw-away
culture, people become greedy, selfish, money does not make us happy, loss of
traditional values.
16. Other useful vocabulary
• To take a hammering (= to suffer economically)
• To keep your head above water (=to survive)
• Cut-throat competition (=very strong competition)
Many companies will need to go back to the drawing board / to start from
scratch = to begin again (from the beginning)
• This product is a cash cow = it makes a lot of profit
• Samsung have the lion’s share of the market (the biggest part)
• With Covid many companies have been hard hit, but they have to bite
the bullet (Resist, wait, put up with it)
18. Topics
1. Nowadays people buy a lot of unnecessary manufactured products. Is this a positive
or negative development? What is the effect of this on the individual and on society?
2. As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Leaders and directors in an organisation are normally older people. Some people
think having a younger leader would be better. Do you agree or disagree?
4. In the past, most people worked for small businesses, while more people now work
for large businesses. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working for
large businesses?
5. Some international companies are very powerful now and many people believe that it
is a negative development. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your
reasons and relevant examples.
20. Leaders and directors in an organisation are normally older people. Some people
think having a younger leader would be better. Do you agree or disagree?
● Introduce the topic
● Show your opinion (Disagree)
INTRO
● State the reasons why old people
make great leaders
● ( 1st reason + supporting
sentences, 2nd reason +
supporting sentences)
BODY 1
● State the reasons why young people
may not provide as good leadership
as old people do
BODY 2
OUTLINE
21. MODEL ESSAY
In today’s world, it is not uncommon to see many higher
positions are held by older members in many organizations.
While some people opine that younger employees are better
suited to these titles, I completely disagree with this idea for
the reasons provided below.
To begin with, it is usually difficult for the young to compete
with the old in terms of experience. Those who have gained
adequate experience can more effectively manage to lead the
individuals of an organization than those who do not. The
reason for this is that business matters often require the
people in charge to have not only the knowledge of coping
with problematic situations but also strong nerves to calmly
find a feasible solution. As a result, years of experience in a
relevant position tend to make the elderly better candidates
than those who are relatively young and new to the tasks.
22. MODEL ESSAY
Another advantage belonging to aged people is that they are
likely to receive more support from the people in an
organization. As the time spent working with the staff of the
senior is often longer, they can understand their colleagues
better, achieving more popularity. Furthermore, it is
interpersonal skills and approval of other people that can
have tremendous impact on the the success of a leader. Young
members, on the other hand, not only lack contributions to
prove themselves worthy but also take too pride in their
academic knowledge to change their mind.
In conclusion, I believe that critical positions of authority
should be given to senior staff members for the certain
reasons mentioned rather than the young.
24. In the past, most people worked for small businesses, while more people now
work for large businesses.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of working for large businesses?
The rise of large corporations has led to a fundamental shift
in the workforce towards large businesses. The chief
advantages of this relate to opportunity and the downsides
are larger, societal dilemmas.
Proponents of big business can point to career advancement
and the variety of roles within a large company. Small
businesses, by their nature, draw on a limited possible
source of revenue that naturally caps promotions. Large
companies have nearly unlimited profit potential and can
thus employ a large number of managers, executives and
other high-salaried positions. Moreover, a small business is
more likely to be limited in the number of roles, while larger
companies will have departments ranging from legal to
marketing to research and development to human resources,
all of which are potential destinations for motivated
employees.
point to career advancement argue
about promotions and opportunities
by their nature naturally, of course
draw on take from
limited possible source of
revenue only so much money they can
make
naturally caps of course limited to
nearly unlimited profit potential no
limits on the money that can be made
jobs
departments ranging from … to parts
of the company including
legal lawyers
research and development coming up
with new ideas
25. In the past, most people worked for small businesses, while more people now
work for large businesses.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of working for large businesses?
The disadvantages of these large companies relate less directly to individuals and more to
society at large. Firstly, although there are more quality jobs available in big companies, the
disappearance of small, local entrepreneurs means that capital becomes concentrated in the
company’s chief shareholders, who are often living in other countries and already extremely rich.
Over time this has led to the division of wealth that defines the 21st century. Secondly, as
executive decisions become further removed from local communities it is harder to regulate
large companies. A good example of this would be the environmental cost of drilling for oil and
extracting natural gas, which hurts local residents but continues unabated because those in
authority are unaffected.
In conclusion, the opportunities provided by big business do not outweigh the negative potential
for all of society when power becomes concentrated and distant. It is therefore important to check
the reach of corporations and empower individuals.
26. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, and infographics & images by
Freepik
Thanks!
Ms Huyen
