1. Prepared by:
Haider Ali Shaker
Fatima Ali Sayer
Fatima Radi Jassim
Zainab Sadiq Jaffar
Alaa Salam Kazem
Pharmacology
ALLIUM
SATIVUM
2. Introduction
is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the
genus Allium. Its close relatives include the
onion (2), shallot, It is native to South Asia,
Central Asia and northeastern Iran and has
long been used as a seasoning worldwide sed
as both a food flavoring and a traditional
medicine has a characteristic pungent smell,
garlic rarely blooms in the fields, so its
cultivation depends on vegetative reproduction
Classification (1)
Scientific
Plantae
Kingdom
Asparagales
Order
Amaryllidaceae
Family
Allium
Genus
Allium Sativum
Species
bulb
part of the plant
3. Introduction
Garlic has a wide range of powerful physiological effects, says Dr. Herbert Pearson,
a toxicologist, “Garlic is a real medicine “
Garlic contains : (3)
volatile oils ranging from 0.1- 0.36%, and these oils are responsible for most of the
pharmacological properties of garlic.
Contains seventeen amino acids and glycosides
There are many types of mineral salts, the most important of which is selenium, as
well as a group of enzymes, the most important of which is Allenase.
Contains ajwin ،It has a role in fighting blood clotting, preventing high cholesterol,
fighting pathogenic microbes,
5. Medicinal History of Garlic
It is reported that in ancient Egypt, the workers who had to
build the great pyramids were fed their daily share of garlic
In China, garlic tea has long been recommended for fever,
headache, and cholera
In rural Japan, miso-soup containing garlic is used as
remedy for the common cold with headache, fever and sort
throat .
Early 1853, the famous microbiologist, Louis Pasteur,
performed several original work showing that garlic could
kill bacteria
القرن ،الصحة تقويم كتاب من ،الثوم حصاد
الخامس
عشر
(
الوطنية فرنسا مكتبة
)
12. Drug of Garlic
he use of Garlic contains an active substance called
allicin, which helps reduce cholesterol, lower blood
pressure,
Suggested average daily doses include 2 to 5 g of
fresh raw garlic; 0.4 to 1.2 g of dried garlic powder;
2 to 5 mg of garlic oil; 300 to 1,000 mg of garlic extract
(as solid material); and 2,400 mg/day of aged garlic
extract (liquid).
13. It helps to treat a number of digestive disorders,
which may include dysentery and diarrhea,
irritation, gastritis and the intestinal tract
It also helps improve digestion
Strengthen the immune system and increase its
efficiency in resisting diseases and reducing their
severity.
Garlic contributes to the relief of colon
symptoms, such as gas relief, flatulence, and
colitis.
Uses medical of garlic
14. Uses medical of garlic
Garlic is
important in
almost every
body
15. Benefits of garlic for
the heart
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It protects against blood clots (5)
Lowers high blood pressure
Oral garlic intake reduces systolic blood
pressure by about 7 - 9 millimeters Hg, and
diastolic blood pressure by about 4 - 6
millimeters Hg in people with persistently
high blood pressure.
Prevents cardiomyopathy due to
diabetes
Reduces atherosclerosis
Lowers levels of serum homocysteine, an
amino acids that can block arteries.
16. Benefits of garlic for
the hair
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It lends a remarkable shine to the
hair for its ability to moisturize.
It contributes to the lengthening of
hair because it contains nutrients for
roots, such as phosphorus, calcium,
manganese and copper.
Helps to germinate hair in spaces,
as well as in lengthening and
thickening hair for its ability to
stimulate blood circulation to the
scalp, supplying it with oxygen,
Garlic is also a natural remedy for
split ends of hair
17. Benefits of garlic for
the cancer
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A study has shown that some
sulphur compounds found in garlic
may help destroy cancer cells in
glioblastomas, a type of deadly brain
tumour.
A second study confirmed that the
consumption of vegetables that
come from the garlic family (Allium),
especially garlic, may reduce the
chances of prostate cancer.(6)
Prevention of several cancers such
as the cancer of the stomach, colon,
lung, breast, prostate and bladder
18. Benefits of garlic for
the colds and influenza
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Garlic has shown promising
results as a treatment to prevent
colds and influenza (7)
- Studies have shown that garlic
may reduce the risk of developing
the disease in the first place, as
well as reduce the duration of
your stay sick and also reduce the
severity of symptoms.
- Therefore, if you often get sick
with a cold or flu, eating garlic
may help reduce symptoms or
prevent it completely.
19. o Garlic can be eaten in a moderate way during pregnancy
because it is good for the health of the mother and foetus,
o Garlic is generally considered safe when taken during
pregnancy, but in appropriate quantities.
o Prevention of preeclampsia
o Reduce the risk of premature birth.
o Reducing the incidence of diseases
pregnancy
Importance :
20. o But it is never recommended to be used as a type of
physical therapy because of its health problems
o Increased bleeding
o Acidity
o Eating garlic is usually associated with stomach
burning and indigestion
side effects :
pregnancy
21. Side effects garlic
Nausea and
vomiting
heartburn in the
stomach
May increase the
risk of bleeding
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22. Side effects garlic
Lower blood
pressure too much
may cause
eczema or rash Headaches
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Other uses of garlic
Garlic is an essential ingredient
in many or most dishes in
various regions, including South
Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia,
the Middle East, North
Africa,Garlic leaves are
common vegetables in some
regions of Asia
It has a distinctive feature,
its spicy flavour softens
and cooks.
Garlic is used around the world
due to its pungent flavour as a
spice or spice. The core of the
plant is the most used partthat
are consumed (either raw or
cooked) (8)
Many sulphide products derived
from garlic are used as an
insecticide and as a draft
pesticide, including the
resistance of the cabbage root
fly Scientific name: Delia
radicum) and red mites.
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Other uses of garlic
o Garlic is an important
ingredient in the phytamine
fish sauce, especially meat and
seafood. In South America and
Asia, the spicy garlic
phytamine sauce known as
Tuong ot toi Viet Nam is very
popular as a spice.
o The oil can be flavored with
garlic cloves. It is used to
season various types of
vegetables, meat, bread and
pasta.
o Garlic is used with cinnamon
to preserve fish and meat, as it
has an antimicrobial property
at temperatures up to 120
degrees Celsius, and this
mixture can also be used as a
preservative for fried food,
o Garlic juice distinguished by
its wife in the pulp is used
as an adhesive in repair (9)
25. الكريهه رائحته
bad breath (Halitosis) :
Unpleasant smell of the mouth and smell the body considered
as side effects of garlic
Cause of this smell :
the chemicals in garlic that contribute to bad breath Allyl
methyl sulphide is a volatile liquid substance absorbed by
the body during the metabolism of garlic-derived sulphur,
transmitted from blood to the lung. (And from it to the mouth
causing a bad breath)
26. Ways to get rid of the smell of garlic
in the mouth ;
1- Drinking water
To stimulate the salivary glands to secrete more saliva,
2- Washing teeth
Brushing and putty
3- Using medical thread
To remove its residues between the edges and cavities of the teeth,
4- The rinse by washing the mouth
And it is better to be flavored with mint,
And some mouthwash that contains chlorine dioxide
27. Ways to get rid of the smell of garlic
in the mouth :
5- Eat vegetables or fruits
Like apples or lettuce
6- Chewing herbs or gum
Like mint or parsley or chew gum for 20min.
7- Drinking milk
Especially full fat
8- Drinking water with lemon
Helps keep the mouth odor good
28. Religious and spiritual uses
Garlic was considered as a force for both good and evil, and many civilizations used
garlic for protection or magic,
In Iranian countries where they celebrate Nowruz (Persian New Year) such as Iran,
Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, garlic is part of the table known as (Seven-
Seen) which is displayed in the opinion of the Persian year.
In Islam, it is recommended not to eat raw garlic before going to the mosque
because the smell may disturb and disperse the rest of the Muslims during prayer. (10)
In Mahayana Buddhists, monks and nuns are not allowed to eat garlic or any other
pungent spices such as pepper, which are considered "worldly pleasures" and appear
to stimulate violence due to their acuity
31. Reproduction is either sexual or
asexual by growing garlic cloves
directly in the ground.
Growing in the fall about 6 weeks
before the soil is frozen and harvested
at the end of spring, garlic plant
prefers to grow in soils with high
organic content, but can also grow in
soils of different conditions, species
and acidity.
Information about garlic cultivation
32. Information about garlic cultivation
It is important to choose large lobes separate
from flowers , Large flowers and enough
space for plant growth will improve the size of
the pulp (lobe).
high air humidity helps spread ( rust ) .
Garlic is easy to grow and can grow year-
round in temperate climates.
33. Information about garlic cultivation
For diseases and insects:
Rust disease.
Red spider.
The insects tarps.
Garlic can also develop a non-fatal disease that
turns the root pink or red (12)
Among the most important diseases that affect
garlic Cylindrical worms and white mold.
And resist with appropriate fungicides and insects
34. Steam distillation method
1. peeling and crushing garlic.
2. adding water for enzymolysis.
3. then heating and preserving heat.
4. performing heat exchange and cooling with steam.
5. condensing to get emulsion of the garlic oil and water.
6. filtering the emulsion by using a micro-filtration membrane.
7. this method is widely used for acquiring oil state mecinially used garlic
36. Reference
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1) Author: Carolus Linnaeus — Title: Species Plantarum — Volume: 1 — Page: 296
2) Block, E. (2010). Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science. Royal Society of
Chemistry.
3) Nutrition facts for raw garlic, USDA Nutrient Database, version SR-21". Conde Nast. 2014.
4) The chemistry of garlic and onions". Scientific American. 252 (3): 114–9. 1985 march
5) UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Pink Root on Onion and Garlic". Ipm.ucdavis.edu.
Retrieved April 14, 2010.
6) Diet and cancer risk in the Korean population: a meta- analysis" (PDF). Asian Pacific Journal of
Cancer Prevention 15
7) Garlic 'prevents common cold'". BBC. October 3, 2001.
.
37. 8) Major Food And Agricultural Commodities And Producers – Countries By Commodity". Fao.org.
Retrieved Jan 24, 2015.
9) Anwar, A.; Groom, M.; Sadler-Bridge, D. (2009). "Garlic: from nature’s ancient food to nematicide"
(PDF). Pesticide News 84 (June):
10) Hadith – Book of Call to Prayers (Adhaan) – Sahih al-Bukhari -Sayings and Teachings of Prophet
Muhammad عليه اهللصلى
وسلم
") )
11) Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.Vegetables and Melons
Outlook, October 19, 2006, p. 25.
12)
UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Pink Root on Onion and Garlic". Ipm.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved
April 14, 2010
Reference
