Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a severe Case in which the peptic ulcers can forn in the bowel or it can cause an inflammation there. This is Chronic type of disease and mainly target's and affecting the inner lining of GIT that Causes Prolonged inflammation to the GIT

1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ROLL NO = 16
DIVISION = B

2. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL
DISEASE
(IBD)

3. Points
 Introduction
 Epidemiology
 Etiology
 Pathophysiology /Pathogenesis
 Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment-:
(non-pharmaceutical,pharmaceutical)

4. Introduction
 BOWEL –Lower part of digestive system.
 INFLAMMATION-here in case of IBD it means
ulcers.
 So accordingly it is the ongoing inflammation of all
parts of the digestive system.
 This is the chronic type of disease and mainly
targets and affects the inner lining of GIT that
causes prolonged inflmmation to the GIT.

5. IBD is Classified into
 - Ulcerative Colitis
 - Crohn’s Disease

6. Ulcerative Colitis
 Ulcerative Colitis is a disease that causes mucosal
inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the
large intestine [colon].

7. Crohn’s Disease
 Crohn’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory disease
of the GIT affecting any site from mouth to anus.

8. Epidemology
 Ulcerative Colitis-40 to 250 people per 100k.
 Most common in males.
 Crohn’s disease-25-200 people per 100k.
 Most comon in females.

9. Etiological Reasons
 Genetic

10. Etiological Reasons
 Environmental Factor’s
 Bacteria
 Virus

11. Etiological Reasons
 Unhealthy lifestyle-
Like Smoking and Alcoholism.

12. Pathogenesis
 Influx of Bacterial Components.
 Macrophages Activated .
 Activation of CD4 T cells OR Helper T-cells Cells.[ stimulates other immune
cells ]
 CD4 T cells activates cells like B-cells, variable T-cells and other
inflammatory cells by stimulation of homing receptors on leucocyte and
vascular epithelium.
 Inflammation
 This inflammation is maintained by the influx of leucocytes from vascular
system into sites of action of disease.

13. Symptoms
 Abdominal Pain

14. Symptoms
 Diarrhoea

15. Symptoms
 Hematochezia
 i.e. Blood in Stool.

16. Symptoms
 Low Fever

17. Symptoms
 Decreased Appetite

18. Symptoms
 Weight loss

19. Symptoms
 Anemia

20. Symptoms
 Other - Fatigue
Arthritis

21. Diagnosis
1. Physical Examination
2. Endoscopy
3. Biopsy
4. Radiology
5. Blood Test

22. Treatment
 Treatment is of two types
1 – Non Pharmacological Treatment
2 – Pharmacological Treatment

23. Non-Pharmacological
Treatment
 Avoid smoking.
 Reduce Alcohol Consumption.
 Avoid spicy and Oily food.
 Take fibre rich diet.

24. Pharmacological Treatment
 Major types of drugs used are as
follows
1. Aminosalicylats
These agents have Anti inflammatory effects, used to treat
mild to moderate disease.
eg. Sulphosalazine tables.

25. Pharmacological Treatment
2. Corticosteroids
Effective in decreasing disease effect.
However due to side effects prolonged use is not
recommended.
eg. entocort capsule.

26. Pharmacological Treatment
3. Antimicrobial
mild to moderate
eg. ciprofloxacin