2. DESCRIPTION
PISA stands in a tradition of international school studies, undertaken since the
late 1950s by the InternationalAssociation for the Evaluation of Educational
Achievement (IEA). Much of PISA's methodology follows the example of
theTrends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS, started in
1995), which in turn was much influenced by the U.S. National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP).The reading component of PISA is inspired by the
IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).
PISA aims at testing literacy in three competence fields: reading, mathematics,
science on a 1000 point scale.[3]
The PISA mathematics literacy test asks students to apply their mathematical
knowledge to solve problems set in real-world contexts.To solve the problems
students must activate a number of mathematical competencies as well as a
broad range of mathematical content knowledge.TIMSS, on the other hand,
measures more traditional classroom content such as an understanding of
fractions and decimals and the relationship between them (curriculum
attainment). PISA claims to measure education's application to real-life
problems and lifelong learning (workforce knowledge).
3. GRADING SCHEEM
Seven Quizzes -marks given out of 5
Five Assignments -marks given out of 5
OneTerm Report - marks given of 10
TwoTests - marks given out of 15
One Final Exam - marks given out of 30
Grade should be calculated as per following policies:
Quizzes:Total weight 15%, N-2,Average of remaining quizzes x 3, Rounded to
single decimal place
Assignments:Total weight 15%, (Average ofTop and Bottom) x 3, Rounded to
single decimal place
Total Semester: Quizzes + Assignments +Term Report +BothTests
Total Score:Total Semester + Final Exam
Insert a line at the bottom and calculate average score for each item i.e. Quizzes,
Assignments, ……, Final Exam, Rounded to single decimal place
7. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
You've conducted your research, analyzed your findings
and written your results.You're tired and the last thing you
want to do is keep writing.Yet, arguably the most difficult
part of writing your dissertation awaits: your discussion, the
place where you sew up the various threads of your
research into a cohesive narrative.This is not the time to
hurry through just because the end is in sight, say experts
and students alike. Rather, it's the time to pull back and
take a fresh look at your work.
"Many students reach this stage of their careers having
been focused for several years on the 'trees,'" saysYale
University cognitive psychology professor Brian Scholl,
PhD. "This section of the dissertation provides an
opportunity to revisit the 'forest.'"