“Construction of PCC Parapet on left bund from RD. 500m to 800m & construction of WBM road from RD. 200m to 1200m at Tanakpur Power Station”

1. Summer Training Report
On
“Construction of PCC Parapet on left bund from RD.
500m to 800m & construction of WBM road from RD.
200m to 1200m at Tanakpur Power Station”
At
NHPC Ltd. (TANAKPUR)
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
Submitted for Partial fulfillment of Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT HIMANSHU CHAKRAVARTI
INVERTIS UNIVERSITY, B.TECH, 4THYEAR
BAREILLY ROLL No.1650302007

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The training report on “Construction of PCC Parapet on left bund from RD.500m to RD.
800m & construction of WBM road from RD. 200m to 1200m at Tanakpur Power Station” is
an outcome of guidance, moral support and devotion bestowed on me throughout the work.
For this I acknowledge and express my profound sense of gratitude and thanks to everybody
who have been a source of inspiration during the training.
I offer my sincere phrases of thanks with innate humility for “NHPC Ltd. TANAKPUR”,
without whose support and guidance it would not have been possible for this industrial
training to have materialized and taken a concrete shape.
I am also thankful to Mr. Arvind Kumar (HOD Civil Engineering),Invertis Institute of
Technology, Bareilly.
I would like to thank Mr. Paveen Kumar (Engineer CCU), NHPC Ltd. Tanakpur for his
valuable time and guidance in completing my Industrial training and preparation of the
training Report.
DATE:21th JULY 2018 Sanjeet Singh
1510302016

3. INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. ABSTRACT 1
2. INTRODUCTION 2
3. SALIENT FEATURES OF TANAKPUR POWER HOUSE 3
4. POWER CHANNEL, SILT EJECTOR 4
5. FOREBAY, TURBINE 5,6
6. TOPIC 7
7. MINERALS USED, CEMENT 7
8. SAND 8
9. AGGREGATE 8,9
10. WEEKLY REPORT 10
11. WEEK-1 10
12. WEEK-2 13
13. WEEK-3&4 14
14. CONCLUSION 17
15. CERTIFICATE 18

4. 1
ABSTRACT
Hydro power plants in general and hydro turbine in particular like any other real Systems are
nonlinear and have time-varying parameters to some extent. The hydrodynamics of the
tunnel, penstock and turbine are complex due to nonlinear relationship, which exists between
the water velocity, turbine
inlet pressure and developed power. The performance of hydro turbine is strongly influenced
by the characteristics of water inertia, water compressibility and penstock-wall elasticity. The
dynamic characteristics of a hydro turbine power depend heavily on changes in set point and
load disturbances. Thus the hydro turbine exhibits highly nonlinear, non-stationary system
whose characteristics vary significantly with the unpredictable load.
A key item of any hydro power plant is the governor. Hydro turbine governing system
provides a means of controlling power and frequency. The speed governor normally actuates
the gates / vanes that regulate the water input to the turbine. The hydro plants being site
specific may have different configurations of their layout; however the main motivation of
dissertation is confined to a small hydropower scheme, which can be as high head or low
head. Small hydro power schemes with high head and thus connected to reservoir with long
length penstock experience severe control problems due to occurrence of transients. This is
due to pressure wave rise on sudden change of gate position, which in turn is adjusted to meet
the load demand. A low head hydro plant Connected as single machine infinite bus system
experiences a critical low stability margin.
The study for such systems is a useful starting point for designers to evaluate the dynamic
performance under alternative / new controller concepts. Subsequently, advanced control
techniques are required to realize the full potential of the plant over a wide range of operating
conditions to capture full plant characteristics. The mathematical models of various elements
of hydro power plant like hydraulic structures / components and electrical systems can be
integrated to represent the plant as a single entity.
To obtain accurate representation of the integrated system, the plant model can be identified
either in open-loop or closed-loop using its input-output data. This will facilitate the
implementation of new /alternative control approach to the plant model for effective
operation during disturbance. The approach has discussed above may be considered for
model identification for real existing hydro power plants using its input-output data only.

5. 2
INTRODUCTION
The River Sharda originates in the region of higher Himalayas, from the Glacier of Zaskara
range, at about 5250 meter. In the upper reaches, in the hills, it is called Mahakali. The river
emerges into plains at Barmdeo, 5 Km upstream of Tanakpur and is called Sharda. The river
is among the major rivers and has a large hydro potential.
The Tanakpur Power Station is located on the right bank of the river Sharda in the state of
Uttarakhand. It is a run-of-the river power station. The Project comprises a (i) Barrage for
diverting Sharda river waters into the power channel (ii) a surface power house with a total
installed capacity of 94.2 MW (derated from original rating of 120 MW due to a compromise
that had to be made on the designed head), near the Banbassa Barrage, for utilizing the
available head for power generation; (iii) about 1.15 Km long tail race channel for
discharging back the water from the generating machines in to the Sharda River ; (iv) 220 KV
/132 KV switching station adjacent to the power house and (v) 220KV double circuit
transmission line to Bareilly C. B.Ganj, 132KV single circuit transmission line to Mahender
Nagar for evacuation of power.
The Power Station has 3 Kaplan turbines of 31.4 MW each. The (Kaplan type) Hydro
turbines for the Tanakpur Power Station are supplied by M/s BHEL. The turbine and
generating equipment were manufactured against our purchase order in October 1985. The
turbine is designed for direct coupling with three phase 50 cycles/sec generators. The
Generators are of the Umbrella type which are also supplied by M/s BHEL.
The elements of water path of turbine viz. spiral casing, stay ring, guide apparatus, runner
and draft tube have been worked out to get minimum overall dimensions of the unit, with
high efficiency and good anti cavitation properties. Main attention in designing the machines
was focused to obtain high hydraulic and operational qualities of the equipment and its
complete reliability.
The project area falls under gradation 4 on Richter’s scale and is not seismically active.
Monsoons are heavy and covers the months of July to October, winter extends up to February
and summer from March to June. The max.and min. temperatures are 400C and 140C
respectively. Average rainfall is 1500mm.
During monsoon, in order to have silt-free water for the power house, a silt excluder device is
provided in the under sluice parts of the barrage and silt ejector is provided on the power
channel.

6. 3
SALIENT FEATURES OF TANAKPUR POWER HOUSE
LOCATION
State in which located : Uttarakhand
District : Champawat
River : Sharda
Barrage : Apprx. 2 Km D/S of the town Tanakpur
Power House : Apprx. 1.2 Km U/S of existing Sharda Barrage
HYDROLOGY
Catchment area : 15,100 Sq.km
Design flood : 19900 Cumecs.
Mean annual rainfall : 1500mm
BARRAGE
Total length : 475.3m
Spillway Bays length : 279.5m
Crest Level : Under Sluice- 237.5m,
Spillway- 238.1m
No. of Bays. : 22 (Under sluice – 9,
Spillway – 13)
Max. discharge capacity : 19900 Cumecs
Max. Barrage pound level : 246.7m
Silt Excluder Tunnels : 6 no. size 2.2m X 3.2m
Guide Bund (Downstream) : Left Bank – 177m,
Right Bank – 177m
Afflux Bund (Upstream) : Left bank- 2.2Km,
Right Bank- 2.2Km
Fig(1) View of the Tanakpur Barrage

7. 4
Power Channel
Length : 6.4 Km(from
head regulator to forebay)
Max. Discharge Capacity : 566 cumecs
Shape : Trapezoidal
Depth : 6-9 m
Fig(2) Power Channel
SILT EJECTOR
No. & Type : 48, Hopper type
Size of desilting basin : 90mX120m
No. of flushing tunnels : 4 nos.
Fig(3)Silt ejector

8. 5
FOREBAY
Size : 64.2mX91.0m
Bed level : 231.10 m
Fig(4) Forebay
BYPASS SPILLWAY
No. and size of bay : 5 nos. of 9.5 m each
Max. discharge capacity : 566 cumecs
Length of spillway : 59.5 m
Crest level : 243.2 m
PENSTOCK
Number : 3Nos.
Diameter : 6.5 m
Length : 68 meter
Size of intake
gates
: 5.1X7.11 m
Center line of
intake
: 234.933 m
TAIL RACE CHANNEL
Length : 1150meter.
POWER HOUSE
Type : Surface
Design head : 24.25 m
Installed capacity : 94.2 MW
(3 units of 31.4 MW each – Derated capacity)
Dimensions : 102.30x45.20x47.70m
Turbine
Type of turbine : Kaplan
Rated et head : 24.25 m

9. 6
Rated output : 32 MW (Derated from output of 4.34 MW)
Rated discharge for : 188.67 m3/sec
rated output head
Rated speed : 136.4 rpm
Rated average efficiency : 92.2%
Discharge dia of runner : 6200 mm
Runaway speed on cam : 280 rpm
Runaway speed off cam : 375 rpm
Direction of rotation : Clockwise (viewed from top)
P.P Set delivery pressure : 40 Kg/cm2
Maximum hydraulic thrust : 480 T
No. of guide vanes : 24
Fig(5) Kaplan Turbine

10. 7
Topic
 Constructionof PCC Parapeton left bund from RD. 500mto 800m &
constructionof WBM road from RD. 200m to 1200mat TanakpurPower
Station.
MATERIALS USED
Concrete is widely used in domestic, commercial, recreational, rural and educational construction
Communities around the world rely on concrete as a safe, strong and simple building material. It is
used in all types of construction; from domestic work to multi-story office blocks and shopping
There are mainly three materials used primarily-
 Cement
 Sand
 Aggregate
CEMENT
Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials
together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term caementicium to describe
masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder.
The volcanic ash and pulverized brick additives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a
hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum.
Cements used in construction can be characterized as being either hydraulic or non-hydraulic.
Hydraulic cements (e.g., Portland cement) harden because of hydration, a chemical reaction between
the anhydrous cement powder and water. Thus, they can harden underwater or when constantly
exposed to wet weather. The chemical reaction results in hydrates that are not very water-soluble and
so are quite durable in water. Non-hydraulic cements do not harden underwater; for example, slaked
limes harden by reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The most important uses of cement are as an ingredient in the production of mortar in masonry, and
of concrete, a combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong building material
TYPES OF CEMENT
-
Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use around the world.This
cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with small quantities of other materials
(such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcinations, whereby a molecule of
carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is
then blended with the other materials that have been included in the mix.
The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a
powder to make 'Ordinary Portland Cement', the most commonly used type of cement (often referred

11. 8
to as OPC). Portland cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and most non-specialty grout.
The most common use for Portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite
material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. As a construction material,
concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can become a structural (load
bearing) element. Portland cement may be grey or white.
-
It contains up to 35% fly-ash. The fly ash is pozzolanic, so that ultimate strength ismaintained.
Because fly ash addition allows lower concrete water content, early strength can also be maintained.
Where good quality cheap fly ash is available, this can be an economic alternative to ordinary
Portland cement.
-
Its includes fly ash cement, since fly ash is a pozzolana, but also includes cements made from other
natural or artificial pozzolans. In countries where volcanic ashes are available.
-
Addition of silica fume can yield exceptionally high strengths, and cements containing 5–20% silica
fume are occasionally produced. However, silica fume is more usually added to Portland cement at
the concrete mixer.
SAND
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral
particles. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and
conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical
coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
The second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for example aragonite, which has
mostly been created, over the past half billion years, by various forms of life, like coral and shellfish.
It is, for example, the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the
ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean.
AGGREGATE
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water
and Portland cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates
need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine
materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete. Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75
percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories-fine and coarse. Fine
aggregates generally consist of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles passing through a
3/8-inch (9.5-mm) sieveCoarse aggregates are any particles greater than 0.19 inch (4.75 mm), but
generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches (9.5 mm to 37.5 mm) in diameter. Gravels constitute the
majority of coarseaggregate used in concrete with crushed stone making up most of the remainder.
Natural gravel and sand are usually dug or dredged from a pit, river, lake, or seabed. Crushed
aggregate is produced by crushing quarry rock, boulders, cobbles, or large-size gravel. Recycled
concrete is a viable source of aggregate and has been satisfactorily used in granular sub bases, soil-

12. 9
cement, and in new concrete. Aggregate processing consists of crushing, screening, and washing the
aggregate to obtain proper cleanliness and gradation. If necessary, a benefaction process such as
jigging or heavy media separation can be used to upgrade the quality. Once processed, the
aggregates are handled and stored in a way that minimizes segregation and degradation and prevents
contamination. Aggregates strongly influence concrete's freshly mixed and hardened properties,
mixture proportions, and economy. Consequently, selection of aggregates is an important process.
Although some variation in aggregate properties is
expected, characteristics that are considered when selecting aggregate include:
 Grading
 Durability
 Particle shape and surface texture
 Abrasion and skid resistance
 Unit weights and voids
 Absorption and surface moisture
Grading refers to the determination of the particle-size distribution for aggregate. Grading limits and
maximum aggregate size are specified because grading and size affect the amount of aggregate used
as well as cement and water requirements, workability
FINE AGGREGATE:
Fine aggregate shall consist of sand, or sand stone with similar characteristics, or combination
thereof. It shall meet requirements of the State Department of Transportation of Uttar-Pradesh,
Section 501.3.6.3 of the Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, current
edition.
Table (1): Fine grade aggregates
COARSE AGGREGATE:
Coarse aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, durable gravel, crushed gravel, crushed boulders, or
crushed stone. It shall meet the requirements of the State Department of Transportation of Uttar
Pradesh, Section 501.3.6.4 of the Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction,
current edition.

13. 10
Table(2): Coarse grade aggregate
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-1[22JUNE2018-30JUNE2018]
The company hosting many projects in our Tanakpur Power Station, thus from many projects I am
working on Construction of PCC Parapet on left bund from RD. 500m to 800m & Construction of
WBM road From RD.200m to 1200m of Tanakpur Power Station.
In the Duration of 1st week the first task is to know about the details about the project of
Construction of PCC Parapet and site location at Left bund of River Sharda at T.P.S. as under
guidance of Engineer-In-Charge.
THE PROJECT DETAILS
Contractor Name – R.K. CONRACTOR
Project Type– Construction of Parapet Concrete (M15/A20, M10/A20).
Construction Period-90 days .
Letter Of Award date : 14/June/2018.
Project budget: 27.96 Lahks.

14. 11

15. 12

16. 13
WEEK-2 ( 2/JULY/2018-9 JULY/2018)
 The second task in the duration of 2nd week is to understand the various components of project
by using the drawing.
 Component of the Drawing are as follows:
Figure (1): Cross Section View Of Parapet
1. Cement
1.1 Cement Shall be Portland Pozzolona Cement (PPC)Fly Ash conforming to the requirements
of IS: 1489 (Part 1) or as approved by the Engineer-In-Charge.
1.2 Cement shall be Stored above ground, adequately protected against rain, sun and moisture.
2. Aggregates
2.1 Contractor shall also ensure that the aggregates used in the concrete is conforming to the
requirements of IS: 456 and IS: 383.
3. Fine aggregates
3.1 Fine aggregate of Zone II or III of IS: 383 shall be used preferably.
4. Course aggregates
4.1 Course aggregate shall conform to the grading requirement as per IS:383. It shall be well
graded and its gradation shall conform to the requirement of design mix.
4.2 Course aggregate shall be of sizes 20mm to 10mm. If required, coarse aggregate shall be
washed to remove coating, fines ad other deleterious materials.
5. Water
5.1 Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from injurious oil, acids, alkalis,
salts, organic matter or other substances that may be deleterious materials.
6. Quality assurance measures
6.1 Field tests for quality control will be performed by the Engineer-In-Charge for gradation,
workability, compressive strength and any other tests deemed fit for the performance of concrete
as per IS: 456-2000 or any relevant code.
7. Mixing

17. 14
7.1 The mixing equipment shall be capable of combining the aggregate, cementing materials,
water and other ingredients, within the time hereinafter specified into a thoroughly mixed and
uniform mass and of discharging the mixing without segregation.
7.2 For using mixers of 1 Cum capacity or less, the mixing of each batch shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer-in-Charge.
8. Placing And Compacting Concrete
8.1 All the equipment required for handling, placing, compacting and finishing concrete shall
be subject to the Engineer-in-Charge.
8.2 Concreting shall be done as a continuous operation and contractor shall make all
arrangement necessary to maintain continuity of concrete placing in any particular panel.
9. Curing
9.1 Equipment for curing and protection of concrete shall be kept available at the location of
each concrete placement is started. Suitable arrangement shall be made for availability of
water. In case os scarcity of water, jute bags shall be kept available at site
WEEK-3&4 ( 10/JULY/2018-21/JULY/2018)
Quality control and quality assurance
Quality control:-The routine application, at the prescribed frequencies, of a system, of procedures
for the sampling and testing of materials prior to placing and following completion that ensure that
specified standards are achieved.
Quality Assurance:-The identification of roles and responsibilities of all parties. Together with
procedure and systematic management is implemented effectively.
Various test on concrete
There are four main tests to be done on concrete:
1-The Slump Test.
2-Compression Test
3-Impact Test

18. 15
4-Cube Test
Fig(6) Slump Test
Fig(7) Cube Test

19. 16
Fig(8) Digging for Parapet Base at left bund of River
Fig(9) Concrete Of PCC Parapet Base

20. 17
CONCLUSION
 This training work is a outcome of immense dedication and hardwork of not one but many
people.
 The theory part taught in our colleges and universities are bit different than the actual world.
 There are several things which we got to learn in field would never have been learnt
theoretically.
 Soil Cutting due the rain water, hence the overall construction cost is increased.
 There was interaction with the workers and the public which was something like a sense of
responsibility.
 Safety is very important.
 It was a great honor for me to have four week training from such a prestigious government
undertaking project which is awarded as a mini Ratna class I by Government of India. It was a
great experience to see the formal work which showed the status of a government profile.
.

21. 18
CERTIFICATE
-:Thank You:-