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Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a Supercritical CO2 Turbine Cycle
- 1. Hiba Naffaa Under the direction of Prof. Michael Driscoll and Doctor Koroush Shirvan MIT, Department of Nuclear Engineering Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a Supercritical CO₂ Turbine Cycle
- 2. Objectives • Evaluate the use of the supercritical CO₂ cycle (S-CO₂) in solar power tower plant designs • Generate 100 MW of solar power • Generate electricity for Lebanon • Heat-to-electricity efficiency on the order of 50% • Improved compatibility with the use of dry cooling tower • More compact and cheaper equipment
- 3. Power Tower Flow Diagram
- 4. Types of the heliostats New receiver
- 5. Name Country Peak electric power Operated Characteristics Ivanpah United States 392 MW On February 13, 2014 Three solar thermal power plants. 347,000 heliostats. Boilers are on centralized solar power towers. Uses steam turbines Solar One United States 10 MW From 1982 to 1988 Water/steam as the heat-transfer fluid in the receiver Solar Two United States 10 MW From1996 to 1999 Moltensaltstorageand a tur- bine/generator Fort Irwin Solar Project United States 500 MW By 2022 Occupies 14,000 acres. Will produce 1,250 gigawatt hours of renewable energy per year at Fort Irwin facilities Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park India 40 MW Commissioned onMarch31, 2012 Covers an area of 350 acres (140ha) Planta Solar 10 (PS10) Spain 11 MW In 2007 624 heliostats. The receiver and a steam turbine are on top of a 115 meter high tower. The turbine drives a generator, producing electricity Planta Solar 20 (PS20) Spain 20 MW In 2009 1,255 heliostats. Receiver is on the top of a 165 m high tower and a turbine generator Current State
- 6. Name Country Peak electric power Operated Characteristics Palen United States 500 MW Expected to be complete and producing electricity in 2016 Two-unit power system 250-MW each. Will cover approx. 3,800 acres. 170,000 heliostats. Receiver is on a top a 750-foot tall power tower BrightSource PPA5,6,7 United States 200 MW each AFC Not Yet Filed solar power tower Rice Solar Energy Project United States 150 MW Approved in January 2013 Molten salt thermal storage system. About 17,000 heliostats. Central receiver tower with a height of 199 m Suntower United States 92 MW In 2010, it was under construc- tion 456,960 heliostats and wet cooling towers eSolar 1,2 United States 84 MW, 66 MW re- spectively AFC Not Yet Filed solar power tower Alcazar Spain 50 MW Construction began in 2010 Molten salt and a dry-cooled design Almaden Plant Spain 20 MW Announced in Spain in 2007 1,255 heliostats. A 155 meter tower Ordos China 2GW=2000 MW Began in 1 June 2010 to be completed by 2020 Includes 4 phases: Phase 1 (30 MW), Phases 2, 3 and 4 (100 MW, 870 MW and 1000 MW) respectively Mashavei Sadde Israel 60 MW Announced Solar thermal power station
- 7. Name Country Peak electric power Operated Characteristics Cerro Dominador Chile 110 MW Expected to start in the second half of 2014 Heliostats, molten salt receiver, tower salt storage Crossroads United States 150 MW Expected to operate in 2016 Heliostats, a central receiver, liquid salt to collect the energy, a storage tank, to heat exchangers and a conventional steam turbine cycle Ashalim 1 Israel 121 MW Under construction. Expected completion: 2017 Combine 3 kinds of energy. Solar thermal energy composes 220 MW. 121 MW by this CSP and another will be built Crescent Dunes United States 110 MW Construction finished at the end of 2013 17,500 heliostats and molten salt flowing through a 160m tall solar power tower and a storage tank Khi Solar One (KSO) South Africa 50 MW Under construction. Expected completion: 2014 Covers 140 hectares (346 acres). More than 4,000 heliostats. Boiler is on top a centralized 205 m high tower, a superheated steam cycle, a saturated accumulator steam and a dry cooling system Gemasolar Spain 19.9 MW Since May 2011. Its official launch was held in October 2011 Molten salt heat storage system. A 140m high tower receiver, a power island and 2650 heliostats
- 8. Efficiency Plot: Comparison Chart
- 9. Flow Chart
- 11. Power Cycle Efficiency Theoretical maximum: Carnot Cycle The real efficient is given by: npc = nL.n Where • W is the work done by the system, • QH is the heat put into the system, • TC is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir, • TH is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir, and • nis the maximum efficiency.
- 12. Power Cycle Efficiency In our plant: • Tcold = 30◦C = 303◦K where ◦K = ◦C + 273 • Thot = 700◦C = 973◦K then n = 0.688 An actual cycle is less efficient eg Engineering experience suggests nL = 0.7 Thus npc = 0.7 (0.688) = 0.48 = 48%
- 13. Installed Capacity in the Middle East
- 14. Conclusion • An advanced form of power tower conversion using S-CO2 has advantages • Move on to tests of physical systems • Julich, the best option to test
- 15. Acknowledgement • Professor Michael Driscoll • Doctor Koroush Shirvan • Marie Herring • Jessica Shi and Raj Vatsa • The entire staff of RSI • Research Science Institute • Center for Excellence in Education • Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Mr. Rafic A. Bizri • Mrs. Bahia Hariri • David Thompson