Brief description and ppt of Wi-Fi

1. BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MACHINE LEARNING
NAME : Hemanth Gowda N
USN : 1BI20AI018
TOPIC : Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity)

2. CONTENTS
• introduction
• what is Wi-Fi Technology
• elements
• How a Wi-Fi Network works
• Wi-Fi Network Topologies
• Wi-Fi Configurations
• Security
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Future of Wi-fi
• Conclusion

3. • Wireless Technology is an alternative to wired Technology ,
which is commonly used for connecting devices in wireless
mode.
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE
802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area
Networks(WLANs).
• Wi-Fi Networks connects computers to each other, to the
internet and to the wired network
• IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of local area network
technical standards, and specifies the set of media access
control and physical layer protocols for implementing wireless
local area network computer communication.
Introduction

4. IEEE 802.11 Standard

5. What is Wi-Fi Technology
• Wi-Fi is a popular wireless networking technology. Wi-Fi stands for
“wireless fidelity”.
• Wi-Fi was invented by NCR Corporation/AT&T in the Netherlands
in 1991. By using this technology we can exchange information
between two or more devices.
• Wi-Fi has been developed for mobile computing devices, such as
laptops, but it is now extensively using for mobile applications and
consumer electronics like televisions, DVD players, and digital
cameras.

6. What is Wi-Fi Technology
• There are two possibilities in communicating with the Wi-Fi
connection that may be through an access point to the client
connection or client to client connection.
• Wi-Fi is one type of wireless technology. It is commonly called a
wireless LAN (local area network).
• Wi-Fi technology allows local area networks to operate without
cable and wiring. It is making a popular choice for home and
business networks.
• A computer’s wireless adaptor transfers the data into a radio
signal and transfers the data into an antenna for users

7. Elements of a Wi-Fi Network
• Access Point(AP) – The AP is a wireless LAN transceiver or “base
station” that can connect one or many wireless devices
simultaneously to the Internet.
• Wi-Fi cards – They accept the wireless signal and relay information.
They can be internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA Card for Laptop and
PCI Card for Desktop PC)
• Safeguards – Firewalls and anti-virus software protect networks from
uninvited users and keep information secure.

8. How a Wi-Fi network works
• A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access point to an
internet connection.
• An access point acts as a base station .
• When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot the device
can then connect to that network wirelessly.
• A single access point can support up to 30 users and can
function within a range of 100 up to 300 feet .
• Many access points can be connected to each other via
Ethernet cables to create a single large network.

9. How a Wi-Fi network works

10. Wi-Fi Network Topologies
• Peer-to-peer topology(Ad-hoc Mode)
• AP-based topology(infrastructure Mode)
• Point-to-Multipoint bridge topology

11. Peer-to-peer Topology
A peer to peer topology is a simple network of
computers. It first came into existence in the late
1970s. Here each computer acts as a node for file
sharing within the formed network. Here each
node acts as a server and thus there is no central
server to the network. This allows the sharing of a
huge amount of data. The tasks are equally
divided amongst the nodes. Each node connected
in the network shares an equal workload. For the
network to stop working, all the nodes need to
individually stop working. This is because each
node works independently.

12. AP-based topology(Infrastructure Mode)
• The client communicate through
Access Point.
• Any communication has to go through
AP
Client devices link up to a wired network through an
access point (AP). This is a more common
configuration emphasizing that the WLAN does not
replace the wired LAN but extends the functionality
to wireless devices.
If a Mobile Station (MS), like a computer, a PDA, or a
phone, wants to communicate with another MS, it needs
to send the information to AP first, then AP sends it to the
destination MS.

13. Point-to-Multipoint bridge topology
• This is used to connect a LAN in one building to LANS in other
buildings even if the buildings are miles apart.
• These conditions receive a clear line of sight between buildings.
• The line-of-sight range varies based on the type of wireless bridge
and antenna used as well as the environmental conditions.

14. Wi-Fi Configurations
A Wi-Fi network can be setup in a home or office and allow all users to share
files , documents and Internet connection . The network can be expanded by
adding Wi-Fi radio cards to new devices.

15. Wi-Fi Security
1. Service Set Identifier (SSID)
2. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
3. Wireless Protected Access(WPA)
4. MAC Address Filtering
5. IEEE 802.11i
• WEP and WPA are encryption protocols that you can choose from in your
router’s firmware.
• Wi-Fi protected Access( WPA).a subset of a newly introduced 802.11i security
standard , is replacing the flawed Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP).
• Without your SSID , people will not be able to join your Wi-Fi hotspot.

16. Wi-Fi Advantages
• Convenience
Wireless networks allows multiple users to connect through the
same network. In a fraction of seconds without any configurations,
connections can be made through the router or a hotspot technology. This
ease of use and convenience is not present in the wired networks. In a
wired network, it takes more time to configure and allow access to multiple
users
• Mobility
As long as you are in the range of a Wifi Access Point, with Wifi you can
carry out your regular works from anywhere you want especially with the
mobile devices. You don't have to always sit right in front of the computer to
get internet access. Such works include, bank transactions, email sending
and checking work reports.

17. Wi-Fi Advantages
• Productivity
Regardless of their location, staffs of a company can accomplish their
assigned tasks with a Wi-fi network. Users who connect to a Wi-fi network can
experience different ranges of speed as they move from one location to
another. And also there are least chances of experiencing technical glitches
with the Wireless LAN. As a result staffs can be more engaged and be able to
deliver their timely targets and works, enhancing the overall productivity of the
company.
• Deployment
The installation of a Wi-fi access point is relatively easy compared to a Wired
network connection. There is no complexity of cables being run in different
locations and operating switches. Think of setting up a desktop with the network
connection in a workplace. Installing a new Wifi router is easy rather than fitting
a complex cable network.

18. Wi-Fi Advantages
• Expandability
Adding new users to a Wi-fi network is an easy task. With the proper
Wireless LAN credentials, more users can access the Wi-fi network.
Additionally there is no need to install any new type of equipment, all can
be done with the existing. This significantly saves time and effort of the
clients.
• Cost
Compared to a Wired network connection, Wireless networks offer
significant advantages in terms of cost and labour . Especially when
installing a new Wi-fi network, you can cut down the expenses in wiring
and maintenance. Out of these the bigger expense comes under the
wiring part. Since very less number of wires are used here, it can save
bigger amount in companies overall budget.

19. Wi-Fi Disadvantages
• Security
Even though many encryption techniques are taken by the wireless
networks, still the Wi-fi is vulnerable to hacking. Due to its wireless nature it
has high chances of being hacked especially the Public Wifi networks. Since
the Public Wi-fi networks are open for anyone, hackers can impose their fake
networking ID. Without consent users may connect to this fake ID and fall into
the category of cyber attack victims.
• Range
Range offered by a Wi-fi network is limited, typically around 100-150 feet.
While it is sufficient for a normal home, it can actually be a problem for
building structures. The strength of a Wi-fi network will be reducing as you
move away from the access point. Since the building are multi-storeyed, the
strength of the Wi-fi network can be varying at different floors. This cloud
weaken the company's workflow. The only way to overcome this is by
purchasing additional access points.

20. Wi-Fi Disadvantages
• Speed
The speed of a low cost Wi-fi connections are far more slower than a
wired connection (around 1-54 Mbps). That is too just one device connected
to the dedicated servers. This may look fine as long as there are few
devices connected to the network. The moment when there are more
devices connected, you could experience a drastic reduction in speed.
• Reliability
A Wi-fi network works in the frequency of 2.4Ghz. This frequency has
high chances of getting hindered due to the electro magnetic waves and
other forms of obstacles. As a result you may frequently experience
connectivity issues and weak signal strengths. Especially during large file
transfers the signal can get interfered.

21. Future of Wi-fi
• The Internet of Things
Over the last few decades, we’ve seen WiFi being used from only a
handful of large, bulky computers to a plethora of slim, powerful
laptops, tablets, and most of all smartphones. In recent years, we’ve
also seen other devices (such as printers, home assistants, wearable
tech) connect to Wi-Fi networks to improve the ease with which we
work, study and play.
This expansion of connected devices has been dubbed ‘The Internet of
Things’; a network of essentially any product you can think of imbued
with wireless connectivity. Although this concept is no newcomer, what
is only emerging now is a generation of tech that changes our lives
quite considerably.

22. Future of Wi-fi
• Ever-Increasing Speed and Reach
One trend we can all bank on is increased browsing speed. We’ve
witnessed the demands on WiFi networks explode, both in terms of the
number of users connected, and the amount of data each connected
device downloads per millisecond (think your trusty 3210 vs the latest
iPhone). In line with this demand, we’ve also witnessed speeds skyrocket,
from struggling to download a small image file to millions of people
streaming HD video (8K looms), social media and the rise of gaming.
In addition to personal use, businesses have been heavily investing in
wireless connectivity for many years, achieving improved efficiency,
accuracy and a superior customer offering. All this additional traffic has –
over the last decade – caused a growing concern over levels of
congestion and associated limitations on performance.

23. Future of Wi-fi
• The Move Towards Personalisation
The power of big data has started to change the way the world works.
Targeted ads, specialised content and various other uses of this
valuable resource are commonplace today. But as WiFi networks,
potentially using AI technology and machine learning, get smarter at
predicting what type of speeds we’re looking for, the kind of experience
we expect, and even the content we consume, we’ll start to expect a
higher standard of personalisation from our WiFi providers. It remains
to be seen just how intrusive these changes will feel, and how
widespread, especially as GDPR and other societal shifts seek to
protect privacy and confidentiality.

24. Conclusion
• Wi-Fi is a simple, cost-effective way to connect to the Internet,
without the need to physically connecting wires.
• In 1997 IEEE drafted the 802.11 standard for wireless local area
networking.
• Hotspot is a geographic area setup in any public location, and
has a readily accessible wireless network.
• Security is a huge challenge for Wi-Fi Networks, many Security
Techniques are used to improve it.
• Wi-Fi Networks have a several limitations that should be
concerned.

25. THANK YOU ALL