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Pond Management & Weed Control - Brittany Chesser
- 1. Pond Management & Weed Control Brittany Chesser, M.S. Aquatic Vegetation Management Program Specialist Department of Rangeland, Wildlife, & Fisheries Management
- 4. • Increase water clarity • Limit erosion • Provide food to waterfowl • Enhance aesthetics • Create buffer for run-off nutrients • Habitat for small fishes • Oxygen production • Increase water loss (evapotranspiration) • Breeding habitat for noxious insects • Limit recreational activities • Out compete native spp. • Limit sunlight • Predator avoidance • Can be toxic
- 5. • Deepen ed ges - 2.5 to 3 feet • Grass carp - 5/acre • Fertilization - prevent rooted plants from establishing by shading bottom & creates strong food chain • Dyes - shades like fertilization, but no food chain enhancement PREVENTION
- 6. MANAGEMENT Ch em ica l Biologica l Mech a n ica l
- 7. • Frequent cutting • Requires removal of cut vegetation • Only cuts & does not eliminate • Can make problem worse if done incorrectly • Expensive MECHANICAL
- 8. BIOLOGICAL • Insects ⚬ not generally available to public • Trip loid grass carp ⚬ Req uires TPWD p erm it &escap em en t b arrier ⚬ Con sum e m ost sub m erged m acrop h ytes • Tilap ia (Mozam b iq ue on ly)
- 9. HERBIVOROUS FISH Triploid Grass Carp Mozambique Tilapia TPWD permit No permit Effective control for 5-7 years Stock yearly (die off when water temperature < 55°F) 7- 15 per acre recommended Max 10/acre/year 15-20 lbs. mixed sex recommended Hydrilla Bushy pondweed American pondweed Illinois pondweed Filamentous algae Duckweed Azolla
- 11. CHEMICAL: HERBICIDES • Copper & complexes of copper • Carfentrazone • 2,4-D • Diquat • Endothall • Fluridone • Imazamox • Flumioxazin • Sodium carbon ate peroxyhydrate • Triclopyr • Imazapyr • Bispyribac • Glyphosate • Penoxsulam • Florpyrauxifen -benzyl
- 13. HERBICIDES CLASSIFICATIONS Contact • Immediate cell damage at point of contact • Fact acting • Above ground tissue death • Use on annual species • Copper, Diquat , SCP, Endothall , & Flumioxazin Systemic • Translocated throughout plant • Slow acting • Total plant mortality • Used to control perennial and woody species • Fluridone , Glyphosate, Triclopyr , Imazapyr , Imazamox , Bispyribac , 2,4-D, & Florpyrauxifen -benzyl
- 14. TREATING WITH COPPER Copper Sulfate: •Contact •Metallic •Active up to 1 hour Copper Chelate: •Contact •Metallic •Active 4-6 hours •Less toxic
- 15. Ide n t ifica t ion
- 16. Ide n t ifica t ion Alga e prim it ive, non-seed bea rin g pla n t s & n o root s, st em s, or t ru e lea ves
- 17. Ide n t ifica t ion Floa t in g a ll pa rt s of pla n t floa t s (in clu din g root s)
- 18. Ide n t ifica t ion Su bm e rge d m ost ly u n derwa t er, root ed wit h fla ccid (lim p) st em s
- 19. Ide n t ifica t ion Em e rge n t root ed wit h st iff or rigid st em s wit h a ll or pa rt s st a n din g a bove su rfa ce
- 21. PLANKTONIC ALGAE •Thousands of species •Color pond water shades of green, blue -green, brown or variations in between
- 22. SECCHI DISK •Used to measure water clarity •Can be made of: •Pie pans •Gallon paint can lids •Lids or bottom of 5 -gallon bucket •Drill hole in center •Paint white •Attach bolt, nut, and washer for weight •Attach string to bolt
- 23. •Includes blue -green algae even though it's technically a bacteria (cyanobacteria)! PLANKTONIC ALGAE
- 24. PLANKTONIC ALGAE • Chelated copper complexes, copper sulfate, sodium carbonate peroxy -hydrate
- 25. FILAMENTOUS ALGAE •Single algae cells that form long, visible chains, threads or filaments that resemble wool
- 26. FILAMENTOUS ALGAE Photo by Janet Barr
- 27. MACRO-ALGAE •Appearance of having stems and leaflets, but are a form of multicellular algae consisting of large algal cells
- 28. MACRO-ALGAE: CHARA •Foul, musty, almost garlic -like odor •Has no flower and will not extend above the water surface •Has a “grainy” or “crunchy” texture •Branches are cylindrical and whorled with 6 to 16 “ branchlets ” around each node Chara species Coontail
- 29. MACRO-ALGAE • Grass carp • Chelated copper complexes or copper sulfate
- 30. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS •Phosphorous binder - binds phosphorous so it can't be utilized by the algae or rooted vegetation again •Sludge reducing product - bacteria will digest organic material •Water column clarifier -liquid bacterial blends that fixate nitrogen and phosphorus
- 31. • Duckweeds • Watermeal • Mosquito fern ( Azolla ) • Salvinia • Common & giant • Water lettuce • Water hyacinth **Water lilies and similar plants are not considered floating** Photo by Janet Barr
- 35. DUCKWEED & WATERMEAL • Carfentrazone • Penoxsulam • Fluridone • Flumioxazin • Diquat (duckweed only) • Tilapia and ducks: Other issues- integrated management
- 36. AZOLLA
- 37. AZOLLA • Carfentrazone • Diquat • Fluridone • Flumioxazin • Penoxsulam • Mozambique tilapia
- 38. • Coontail • Eelgrass • Egeria • Elodea • Fanwort • Hydrillia • Bushy Pondweed • Parrotfeather • American Pondweed • Bladderwort • Curly -leaf Pondweed • Illinois Pondweed • Sago Pondweed • Variable -leaf Pondweed • Eurasian Watermilfoil • Variable -leaf Watermilfoil • Water Star Grass
- 40. COONTAIL •Diquat •Endothall •Fluridone •Flumioxazin •Grass carp –F-G •No raking or cutting!
- 42. BUSHY PONDWEED • Diquat , endothall , fluridone • Grass carp - E
- 43. AMERICAN PONDWEED • Diquat • Endothall • Fluridone • Grass carp - E
- 44. BEST TIME TO TREAT? •Best to treat algae, floating, & submerged in spring before large biomass build up •Must be careful with contact herbicide treatments! •Rotting vegetation depletes dissolved oxygen & causes fish kills! •No more than 25 -30% of pond •Not an issue with systemic herbicides
- 45. • Arrowhead • Buttonbush • Cattail • Common Reed • Giant Reed • Horsetail • Lizard’s-tail • Pickerelweed • Rushes & Sedges • Smartweed • Southern Watergrass • Torpedograss • Waterleaf • Waterlilies • Water Pennywort • Water Primrose • Water Shield • Willow
- 46. WATER PRIMROSE
- 47. WATER PRIMROSE • 2,4-D • Glyphosate • Imazamox • Imazapyr • Triclopyr • Mowing/pulling
- 50. LILY-LIKE PLANTS • Fluridone • Imazamox • Imazapyr • Triclopyr • 2,4-D • Glyph osate
- 51. SMARTWEED • Glyphosate • 2,4-D
- 52. SMARTWEED • Glyphosate • 2,4-D
- 53. BEST TIME TO TREAT? •Emergent/shoreline treatment is often best in fall when plant is storing food for winter •Repeated treatments typically necessary *Use good, quality, non -ionic surfactant*