This document discusses various issues related to data communication and networking in real life. It covers transmission impairments like attenuation, distortion, and noise that can distort signals as they are transmitted. Security issues from technology and configuration weaknesses allow viruses, malware, and breaches. Environmental impacts include pollution from e-waste and carbon emissions increasing global warming. Health issues arise from excessive device use causing eye strain, back pain, and obesity. Weather conditions like flooding and natural disasters can damage infrastructure. Social impacts are online shopping and banking replacing in-person interaction, and pressure on older generations to adopt new technologies.

1. DATA COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING
ISSUES IN REAL LIFE
M.M.H.Yasathma
13/AS/136
Data communication & computer networks

2. Content
• Introduction
• Data communication & networking issues
Transmission impairments
Security issues
Environmental issues
Health issues
Weather conditions
Social impacts
• References 2

3. Introduction
• In this massive global infrastructure, data communication & networking plays
a major role.
• Data communication is the interchange of data/information between two
devices via transmission medium.
• Network is a set of communication devices that interconnect through the
links.
• Networks are designed to convey information from one point to another.
• Communication process consists of five main components.
• Sender
• Receiver
• Transmission media
• Message
• Protocol
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4. Data communication & networking issues
• Transmission impairment
• Security issues
• Environmental issues
• Health issues
• Weather conditions
• Social impacts
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5. Transmission Impairments
• A characteristic of a transmission medium.
• Transmission medium is the physical path that information travels.
•Wired media
•Wireless media
• A transmitted signal becomes distorted due to the transmission
impairment.
• Signal causes the transmission impairment.
• Types of impairments
•Attenuation
•Distortion
•Noise 5

6. • Attenuation
• Power loss often called as attenuation.
• It effects on performance, reducing the system’s bandwidth,
information transmission rate, efficiency and overall system
capacity.
• To overcome this loss amplifiers, repeaters are used.
• Distortion
• The signals with different frequencies travel through a
transmission medium with different speeds.
• The longer the transmission medium is, the greater the time
difference in the arrival times of the signal with different
frequencies and the more severe is the signal stain or
distortion. 6

7. • Noise
• The insertion of unwanted signals onto the transmission signal.
• Four types
1. Thermal noise
Caused by the thermal agitation of electrons within a conductor.
2. Induced noise
Motors and appliances produce some noise and it called as induced noise.
3. Cross-talk
Unwanted coupling between signals on neighbouring transmission paths.
( Coupling-connecting without actually touching.)
4. Impulse noise
Irregular pulses or spikes that comes from lightning and power lines.
( Spike- a signal with high energy in a very short time. ) 7

8. Security Issues
• Being the network unsecured, there are some weaknesses.
• Technology weakness –TCP/IP protocol weaknesses, operating system weaknesses,
network equipment weaknesses, configuration weaknesses and security policy.
• Configuration weakness – Using unappropriated configurations and placing computing
and network devices in wrong manner.
• Security policy weakness – If users are not agreed to use communication terms and
conditions network will posed many problems and risks.
• Viruses and malwares
• Data losses
• Security breaches (unauthorized access/hacking )
Any incident that results in unauthorized access of data, applications, services, networks
and/or devices by bypassing their underlying security mechanisms.
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9. Environmental Issues
• Air, heat, water, noise pollution.
Electronic devices have caused the pollution.
silicon, copper, platinum, palladium, nickel metals are contaminated with water and land.
• E-waste affects the environment.
Technological waste is increasing day by day.
It is needed to be disposed or recycled.
• Carbon emission is producing carbon dioxide & carbon monoxide
that are greenhouse gases.
Those gases reflect the radiation towards the planet that cause for the temperature increasing.
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10. Health Issues
• Some health problems that can be arised.
• Children and old people are especially vulnerable to the health
risks.
• E-waste-connected health risks may result from direct contact
with harmful materials.
• There are some health related diseases that caused due to
excessive usage of digital communication tools.
• Eye strain
• Headache
• Back pain
• Neck ache
• Obesity
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11. Weather Conditions
• Weather is directly affect the data communication and
networking.
• Flooding can be damaged the networking infrastructure.
• Temperature incensement is an another issue. Also called as
global warming.
• Natural disasters can affect the data communication and
networking.
Hurricane
Tsunami
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12. Social Impacts
• Data communication & networking has made searching information
easier.
• Children and teenagers spend most of their time surfing throughout
the internet.That affect their social skills development.
• People aren’t getting any exercises as they are spending their time
indoors on computers instead of going outside.
• Small business enterprises are affected as people would rather shop
online.
• Older people are being pressured using networking systems. Due to
banking systems, shopping systems, bill payments are becoming
network and internet based systems
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13. References
• BehrouzA. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4th Edition,
McGraw Hill Higher Education Publications, page (80-85/ 961-970).
• Research and Library Services Division, Legislative Council Secretariat,The
Internet and Related Issues, May 1995.
• Christian Schindelhauer, Communication Network Problems, March 2002.
• MohanV. Pawar, Anuradha J; Network security and types of attacks in network;
2015.
• https://www.idconline.com/technical_references/pdfs/data_communications/In
troduction_to_computer_networks.pdf
• http://archive.cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/pubs/Habil.pdf
• https://www.journals.elsevier.com/computer-networks/special-issues
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14. THANKYOU!
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