Data communication & Networking is a vital concept in this era and communities foresee to have effective data communication as well as networking, but there are some issues which impair the data communication effectiveness. This presentation interprets how these issues influenced on data communication and networking and also has discussed the solutions for these issues.

1. DATA COMMUNICATION &
NETWORKING ISSUES IN
REAL WORLD
W. M. H. G. T. C. K. WEERAKOON
EP 1801
DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKS (PST 32227)

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Issues and solutions
• Security
• Digital Divide
• Transmission Impairment
• Socio-cultural Issues
• Health issues
• Environmental Issues
• Summary
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3. INTRODUCTION
• History and Now
• Data Communication System
• Networks
• Network Types
• Topologies
3

4. DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
ISSUES
4

5. SECURITY
• Eavesdropping : attacker “listen in” to the network, monitors the
network, has potential to modify data.
• IP Address Snooping : uses software to generate fake IP packets,
gains access to the network, could modify, reroute or delete data.
• DOS attack : compromises services for valid users within the
network, sometimes create virtual traffic and then crash the network.
• Man-in-the-Middle : third party is between sender and receiver,
without the knowledge of sender and receiver.
• Sniffer attack : uses some application, device that can read and
monitor data flow of a network.
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6. SECURITY SOLUTIONS PROVIDED
• Access control
• Antivirus and Antimalware software
• Application security
• Behavioral analytics
• DLP (Data Loss Prevention)
• Email security
• Firewalls
• VPN
• W3C affinity groups
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7. DIGITAL DIVIDE/ DIGITAL SPLIT
• Division of society based on amount of information access using
internet.
• Not only internet, but also
• Unavailability to access ICT
• Low connection quality
• Insufficient ICT based service providing
• Costs related to data connections
• Low literacy rate of people
• Social mobility
• democracy 7

8. SOLUTIONS FOR DIGITAL DIVIDE
• There are many initiatives taken by world recognized organizations.
• Google project; Project LOON
• Wikipedia foundation
• Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
• World Economic Forum
•UN ESCAP : pledging a contract for low costs internet infrastructure
for Asia, Pacific countries in 2014.
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9. TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT
• Due to the impediments in transmission media.
• Transmission media carry data in signal form.
• Differences in signal at the receiver than sender called as
transmission impairment.
• There are 3 factors for transmission impairment
• Attenuation
• Distortion
• Noise
•Scientists are researching on advanced mechanisms to
reduce transmission impairment in hardware.
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10. SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES & SOLUTION
• Family bond drift
• Misbelieves in technology usage
• Loose content control
• Accidents
• Social isolation
• Laws are enforced, code of ethics, ethical governance etc.
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11. HEALTH ISSUES
• Psychological : technological distraction, instant gratification
expectation, narcissism, multitasking
• Physical : vision problems (20-20-20 rule), hearing impairment,
neck and wrist strain, obesity and non-infectious diseases
• Smartphone stress, cell phone acnes, blackberry thumb, acute
radiation from cell phones, impotency
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12. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SOLUTIONS
• Natural resources degradation
• High energy consumption
• Hazardous substance usage (heavy metals)
• High rate of electricity demand
• E-wastes
• Extreme weather
• Renewable energy usage, Recycling e-wastes, Laws for
environmental protection
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13. SUMMARY
• Data communication and networking have issues in many contexts;
security, digital divide, transmission impairment, socio-cultural
issues, environmental issues.
• Every issue is inter linked with each other, so existing of one issue
will induce another issue.
• Digital laws have been a solution provider for many issues.
• People need to be more responsible on manipulating data
communication and networking.
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14. REFERENCE
• Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4 th Edition,
McGraw Hill Higher Education Publications, page (80-85).
• https://datasociety.net/initiatives/2014-0317/, 25/12/2017, 9.36 AM.
• https://www.nwpc.com/how-does-technology-use-affect-mens-womens-
health/, 25/12/2017, 11.14 AM.
• http://www.digitalresponsibility.org/health-and-technology/, 27/12/2017, 3.16
PM.
• https://greatist.com/health/19-worst-tech-related-health-risks, 27/12/2017,
4.49 PM.
THANK YOU! 14