أطلس الخلق المجلد الأول. Arabic العربية 2

2. ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ .‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،1956 ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻎ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ً ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﺢ‬ ،‫ﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻷﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ّ‫ﻟﺘﻔﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻊ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺎﺣﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ .‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬
،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ 57 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔ‬ 250 ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺈ‬ . ّ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
،‫ﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺐ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎ‬
.‫ﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬

3. 1 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬

4. 2‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻠ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬

5. 3 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
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‫ﻟﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺿﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻊ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻵﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺟﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻵﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺂﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻊ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ .‫ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺻﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻠﻮ‬ . ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ِﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻛﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ .‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
.‫ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻌﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬
.‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺗﺆ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ – ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ،‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼ‬
‫ﻫﻴﻦ‬‫ﻟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ‬ – ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺿﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ،‫ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻃﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻊ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺒﻮﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﺳﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻤﻘ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻊ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺐ‬‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
. ‫ﻟﻘﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

6. 4‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﳌﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ "‫"ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ " ‫"ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻀﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺰ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ّ ،‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ّ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ‬ .‫ﻟﺨﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
، ً‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺮﺷ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬ّ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
ٍ‫ﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻬﺮ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ .‫ﻳﻦ‬ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
. ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺜﻬﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ‬
.‫ﻟﻤﻺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮ‬ ،‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻜﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ؛‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻟﺒﻮﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﺎ‬ّ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ّ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻤﺆ‬ ‫ﺘﺐ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻮ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻮﺳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ (‫ﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫)ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻠﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ (‫ﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫)ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻬﻲ‬ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ،(‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫)ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮﺳﻪ‬
. ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ . ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺳﺒﺒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ،‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺘﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ .‫ﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﻋﺔ‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ّ‫ﻳﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ .‫ﺣﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎ‬
. ‫ﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮ‬
ٍ‫ﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ .‫ﺑﻄﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻪ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻟﺴ‬ ّ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ .‫ﻣﻐﺔ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﺠﻪ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬
. ّ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺢ‬ ّ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ّ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﺮ‬

7. 5 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ،‫ﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺿﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺜﻤﻦ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ّ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ّ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻜﻮ‬ ّ‫ﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﺧﻞ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺪ‬ ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﻀﻴﻌ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻘﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻤ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻗﻮ‬ ً‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ّﻖ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ . ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺾ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ّ‫ﺗﺤﻜ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻪ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ .‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺆ‬
‫ﻷﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺰﻳﻤﺔ‬
.‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺢ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ّ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ّ‫ﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻘﻀﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺈ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ . ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﻮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫-ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻛﻠﻴ‬ ُ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ -‫ﺔ‬ّ‫ﻟﻤﻬﻤ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻼ‬
.‫ﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﻬﺎ‬

8. 6‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻠ‬‫ﻟﺨﻠ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬

9. 7 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬

10. 8‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
10..................................................................................................... ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
14............................................................................................. ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
42....................................................‫ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
180........................................................................ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
216......................................................... ‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
306..................................................................... ‫ﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
326......................................................................... ‫ﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
334................................................................... ‫ﺟﻨﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
335........................................................................‫ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
348.......................................................................‫ﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
376.......................................................................‫ﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
377............................................................‫ﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
382.......................................................................‫ﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
394................................................................ ‫ﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
412..................................................................‫ﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
413................................................................. ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
440........................................................‫ﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
460................................................................................ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬

11. 9 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
484 ........................................................................... ‫ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
504 ..............................................................................‫ﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
560 ........................................................................... ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
561 ........................................................................... ‫ﻳﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤـﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ّ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠ‬
568 ........................................................... ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺮﺑﺔ‬
602 ................................................................................................... ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻠــــــﺤﻖ‬
606 ........................................................................................ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﻴﺎ‬
608 ............................................. ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻺ‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺒﻌﺎ‬ :‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﺧﻞ‬
618 ........................................................................................‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬
620 .......................................................... ‫ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﳝﺎ‬
622.....................................................................‫ﳌﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
626 ............................................................................... ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬ‬
634 ...................................................................................... ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣﺘﺨﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬
639 ..................................................................... ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺣﺾ‬ ‫ﳌﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ‬
644 ..........................................................................‫ﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬
648 ..................................................................................... ‫ﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‬
658 ............................................................................. ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳋﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄ‬
660 ......................................................................................... ‫ﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻔﺎ‬
663 ...................................................................................... ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬
683 ................................................................................ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳉﺰﻳﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﳌﺄ‬
712 ......................................................................... ‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
720 ........................................................................... ‫ﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺰ‬ ‫ִדﺎﻓﺖ‬
733 .........................................................................‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ‬ : ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
739 ......................................................................... ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻊ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﻼ‬
742 .....................................................................................‫ﺧﺪﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ :‫ﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
747 ............................................................................................... ‫ﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
761 .................................................................................... ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ّ‫ﻟﺴﺮ‬
783 ................................................................................. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬

12. 10‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬ 150 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‬ . ّ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ّ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺖ‬ّ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ .‫ﻟﻮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻹﻃﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ،‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺪﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎ‬ . ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ّ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬‫ﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻋ‬‫ﺗﺒﺎ‬ ً‫ﻧﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ .‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻄﻮ‬ّ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷ‬ .‫ﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﺾ‬
.‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ( ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺸﻮ‬ّ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬) ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻬﻢ‬‫ﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺒﺮﻛﺔ‬
، ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻄﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺆﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ . ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ . ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 50 ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
. ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 50
‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬ ،‫ﻳﻦ‬
. ‫ﻧﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎ‬

13. 11 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺪ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺮ‬ّ‫ﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﺐ‬ ،‫ﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻊ‬ .‫ﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ‬
،‫ﻗﻲ‬ّ‫ﻟﺮ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
.‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻷﺣﺎﻓﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻞ‬ . ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ّ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
.‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻣ‬‫ﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
. ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ . ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ّ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ُ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ :‫ﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ّ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ .‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﺴﺤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻠﺖ‬ّ‫ﺗﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﻧﺖ‬ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ّ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ."‫ﻠﻘﻨﺎ‬ُ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ، ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫"ﻧﺤﻦ‬ :‫ﻗﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ّ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺆﻟﻜﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺮﺧﺲ‬ ‫ﻌﺪ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ . ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺮﺧﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻄﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 300 ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬
. ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ )
‫ﻟـ‬ ( ‫ﻟﻀﻔﺪﻋﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 125
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬
.‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬

14. 12‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

15. 13 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬

17. 15 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 250 -70 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺮ‬ .‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
.‫ﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺮ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 490 – 443 ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
.‫ﺻﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻼ‬
. ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ .‫ﻟﺨﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ُﻛﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻌﺪ‬ " ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺋﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ 150 ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ .‫ﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ، ‫ﻃﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻮ‬ ، ‫ﺣﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ،‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛـﺪ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮ‬ ْ‫ﻛﺄ‬ - ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻔـﻨـ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ - ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
38 – 23 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 20-15 ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻨﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺷﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
. ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬

18. 16‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ . ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ . ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰ‬ . ‫ﻃﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰ‬ . ‫ﻃﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬ‬ ،‫ﻃﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬ‬ ،‫ﻃﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎ‬
،‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻹﺛﺒﺎ‬،‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻹﺛﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﻟﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ .‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ .‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻵﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ .‫ﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‬
. ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬
X
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
X

19. 17 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
،‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
.‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺎ‬ .‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Robert " ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ " ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺘﺎ‬
1665 ‫ﻓﻲ‬ Hooke (Micrographia
‫ﻓﻲ‬ Discourse of Earthquake
‫ﻧﻴﻠﺲ‬ " ‫ﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ (1668
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮ‬ ) Niels Stensen ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﺛﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .( Nicolai Steno " ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻ‬ " ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻘﻠـ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬ ،‫ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻊ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ Leonardo Da Vinci
.‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
.‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ " ‫ﻳﺎﻛﺎ‬ " ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﺚ‬

21. 19 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ . ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬‫ﺗﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ . ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ،‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ " ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬"
‫ﺻﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ " ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ " ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻹﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬ‬ . ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
.‫ﻫﺬ‬
، ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ‬ . ‫ﻟﻔﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺸﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻴﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ( Trilobite )
‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ (‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ٤٤٣ – ٤١٧)
.(‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ٤٩٠- ٤٤٣) ‫ﻓﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ٤٤٨ ٤٤٢ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬

22. 20‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬
‫ﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮ‬ .‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
،‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬‫ﻟﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﺑﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺪ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﺪ‬ ،‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻷﻋﻀﺎ‬ .( ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻔﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ) ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ( ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻬﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻨﺎ‬
) ‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺸﻮ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻘﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻤﻜـ‬
، ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺸﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺮﺧﻮﻳﺎ‬ ( brachiopod
. ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺴﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
. ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬‫ﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬
: ‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ،‫ﻟﺠﺴﺪ‬
. ‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻘﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﻄﻰ‬ ،‫ﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ .‫ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮ‬ . ‫ﻣﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ﻷﻣﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮﺷﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﺮ‬ . ‫ﻟﺰﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬
. ‫ﻟﺼﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
: ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻸ‬ .1
.‫ﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
،‫ﻟﻮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫َﻤﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
. ‫ﻹﻃﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ّ ‫ﺛﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 28 -54 ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺣﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺠﺮ‬

23. 21 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
1
2
7
3
6
4
8 5
9
10
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 50 ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
.‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻞ‬
.‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﺷ‬ ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮ‬ : ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺎ‬ .1
.‫ﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ : ‫ﻟﺸﻌﻮﻋﻲ‬ .2
‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ . ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺸﺮ‬ : ‫ﻟﻘﺸﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺧﻮ‬ .3
.‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ : ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‬ .4
. ‫ﻷﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬ّ‫ﻟﺴﺠ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ : ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺎ‬ .5
. ‫ﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻵﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ : ‫ﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .6
.‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬ : ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻧﻲ‬ .7
. ‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ : ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺮ‬ .8
.‫ﺗﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
.‫ﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺒﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ : ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‬ .9
.‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮ‬ : ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺮﺑﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ .10

24. 22‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ . ‫ﻷﺣﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 144 – 206 ) ‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮ‬
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 15 – 20 ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺒﺮ‬
. ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪ‬ .2
.‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬‫ﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻜﺲ‬ .3
‫ﻷﻛﺴﻴﺠﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ . ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺰﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻴﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻌﺪ‬ .‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬ .‫ﺷﺎﺑﻬﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ‬
354 ) ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻘﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
.( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 290 –
‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ .‫ﻓﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﺴﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺘﻼﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬
‫ﺋﻪ‬‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 543 – ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 4.6) ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬
490 – 543 ) ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ .‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﺖ‬ (
‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ،‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﻃﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ّ‫ﻳﻤﻜـ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬

25. 23 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 150 ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﻣﻮ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺎ‬ ّ‫ﺗﻤﻜـ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬
.‫ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻠﻄﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺤﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺋﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ " ‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﺑﺈﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﻟﻜﻠﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﻟﺘﺮﻳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ .،‫ﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ‬ ( Thetys) ‫ﺛﺎﺗﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‬ " Burgess Shale" ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬ " Chengjiang " ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻌﺪ‬ ُ‫ﺗـ‬ ،‫ﺑﻠﻄﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﻟﺴﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﺮ‬
Green " ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
Wyoming" ‫ﺑﺈﻳﺎﻟﺔ‬ " River
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ،‫ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ "
" ‫ﺧﺠﻮﻟﺔ‬ " ‫ﺑﺄﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ " Eichtatt"
. ‫ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﻳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺷﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎ‬ .‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 203 250
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 250 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 145 ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ (Tethys) "‫ﺗﻴﺘﻴﺲ‬ ‫"ﺑﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ .‫ﻷﻧﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
. ‫ﺗﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮ‬

26. 24‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ . ‫ﻷﺣﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ " ‫ﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺑﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ . ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖ‬ ،1963 ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ .‫ﻟﻔﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬
: ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻢ‬‫ﻋﻮ‬
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 600 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .(Animalia ) ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟﺤﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .1
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 500 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .( Plantae ) ‫ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .2
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 3.9 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .( Monera ) ‫ﻟﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .3
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 1.7 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .( Protoctista ) ‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .4
.‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 550 ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .( ‫ﻟﻔﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ .5
‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻗﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ " William Smith ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻢ‬ " ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﻷﻧﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 144 – 206 ) ‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ " Somerset ‫ﺳﻮﻣﺮﺳﺖ‬ " ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺷﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻜﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺔ‬‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ (
‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺋﻂ‬‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ .‫ﻗﺼﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
.‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬
."‫ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﺎ‬ " ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺮﻳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻷﻗﺪ‬ ّ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺸﺮﻳﺎ‬

27. 25 ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺋﻂ‬‫ﻟﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺋﻂ‬‫ﻟﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬ .‫ﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮ‬
.( ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻬﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ،Quarternary ‫ﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Precambry ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬ . ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ . ‫ﻟﻌﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬ . ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﺐ‬ ،‫ﻘﺐ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻟﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ‬ . ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺘﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٤٩٠ – ٥٤٣ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٤٤٣ – ٤٩٠ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٤١٧ – ٤٤٣ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻔﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٣٥٤ – ٤١٧)
(‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٢٩٠ – ٣٥٤ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٢٤٨ – ٢٩٠ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
٢٤٨)‫ﻟﺘﺮﻳﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
(‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬٢٠٦–
٢٠٦)‫ﺳﻲ‬‫ﻟﺠﺮ‬‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
(‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬١٤٤–
‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ٥٤٣ – ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ ٤,٦ )
‫ﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
٦٥ – ١٤٤ )
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬
( ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ‬ – ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ٦٥ )
‫ﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻜﻮ‬‫ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺨﻮ‬ ّ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬
. ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ ً ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻴﺰ‬
( ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﻮ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳﺜ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘﺒ‬‫ﺣ‬
( ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻨ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬ )

28. 26‫ﻗﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 543 – ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 4.6 ) ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺒﺔ‬ .1
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻌﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ . ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ . ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻗﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ Hadean Era ‫ﻫﺪﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 3.8 - 4.6 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ‬ Proterozoic Era ‫ﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 2.5 – 3.8 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬ Archean Era
. ‫ﻟﻌﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ .‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 543 – ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 2.5
( ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 543 ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ) Phanerozoic Eon ‫ﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ .2
‫ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ : ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ." ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺎ‬ " Phanerozoic ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬
.( Cenozoic Era ) ‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ( Mesozoic Era ) ‫ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ( Paleozoic Era)
( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ Paleozoic Era ( 543 – 251 ‫ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ . 2
‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ .‫ﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬
. ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Ordovician ‫ﻓﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Cambrian ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ : ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
.Permian ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Carboniferous ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Devonian ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻔﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ Silurian
‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (Ediacara) " ‫ﻳﺎﻛﺎ‬ " ‫ﻫﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬
، ‫ﻟﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ . ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬ 543 – 570 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ " ‫ﻳﺎﻛﺎ‬ " ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬ " ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ .‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ."‫ﺗﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ (-2 ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ (-1 : ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ (-3 ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺜﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ . ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ ،‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬ‬ .‫ﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻮﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬
543 – ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬ 4.6 ) ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﻮ‬
.‫ﺟﺮﻳﻨﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ( ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮ‬