The document discusses power tillers, bulldozers, and tractor testing. It provides details on: - Power tillers being useful machines for small farms that can perform various operations like tilling, weeding, and threshing. They are effective for wet soil and come in mini, medium, and large sizes. - Bulldozers being tracked heavy equipment useful for earth moving with wide tracks that distribute weight to prevent sinking. - Tractor testing following standards and including tests of power take-off, drawbar power, fuel consumption, hydraulics, braking, noise, and field testing over various hours with implements. Power tiller testing also analyzed performance and included field tests.

1. POWERTILLER, BULLDOZER AND TRACTOR
TESTING

2. POWER TILLER
 Power Tiller a walking tractor widely used for rotary or
revolving cultivation in wet puddle soil. For small & marginal
farmers a Power Tiller is the best choice.
 It replaces the animal power more effectively & helps in raising
demand for human labor.
 It is a machine compiled with a 1.5 HP engine & designed as
such to push forward or backward various agricultural
equipment.
 Power Tiller is capable to perform the operations of different
farm implements like rotary, puddler, leveler, trailers, plow disc
& thresher.
 One of the most important functions of Power Tiller is that it
prepares an accurate seeded for the crop to be planted & warms
the soil before planting by burying its ruminant into it.

3. SPECIAL FEATURES
Power tillers can work on small as well as large farms, but
they are particularly recommended for farms where the small
land size or the rugged, sloping terrain might make
manoeuvring a tractor about impractical. Difficult, or even
dangerous. In hilly regions in India, where only terrace farming
is possible, farmers have found power tillers to be extremely
useful. Rice and paddy farmers with small farm plots use
power tillers to successfully till water-flooded fields. Unlike
tractors, which are heavy and can compact the soil with their
weight and till deeper than necessary, power tillers till only to
the required depth, softening and loosening the soil as they do,
and making it easier to plant rice and paddy in the water
submerged fields without any danger of drowning the plants
under water.

5. Types of Power Tillers
Power tiller are available in three different sizes :
 Mini-sized Power Tiller These lightweight implements are
good for vegetable and fruit farms, where the cultivation areas
are small, the soil is relatively loose and does not require
powerful tilling, and the crops are planted in narrow rows that
need to be manoeuvred through without destroying them.
 Medium-sized Power Tiller These power tillers are suitable
for farms where the soil is harder and rockier. These tillers are
propelled forward by the spinning tines.
 Large-sized Power Tiller These power tillers are suitable for
more extensive farm lands where there is sufficient space to
manoeuvre the tiller as required. These tillers are propelled
forward by the wheels and the spinning tines are positioned
between the wheels.

6. BULLDOZER
 Bulldozers are one of the main machinery of earth-moving
engineering machinery, which are divided into crawler
type and tire type
 Bulldozers are powerfully tracked heavy-equipment that
gives the capability to hold on to the ground efficiently
and can move easily through rough terrains. Use of wide
tracks for bulldozers helps to distribute the load over
larger areas, which prevent it from sinking into sandy or
muddy ground.

8. TYPES OF TRACTOR TESTS
 Testing is defined as analysis of behaviour of machine
when compared with standard codes/norms under
ideal and repeatable conditions.
Compulsory Tests:
Approval shall require checking as follows:
 Main power take-off and five extra points for
calculating fuel consumption characteristics
 Hydraulic power and lifting force
 Drawbar power and fuel consumption (un ballasted
tractors)

9. OPTIONAL TESTS
Approval of any optional tests shall require checking as
follows:
• Engine test
• Additional Power take-off ratio (economy)
• Reagent consumption during Power take-off and
Drawbar Power testing
• Hydraulic power: optional tests
• Performance at the belt or the belt pulley shaft
• Performance in a hot atmosphere
• Low temperature starting test
• Additional drawbar tests
• Ten-hour test (ballasted tractors)

10. • Axle power determination
• Turning area and turning circle
• Centre of gravity
• Braking (wheeled tractors only)
• External noise level (wheeled tractors only)
• Waterproofing test

11. OTHER TESTS
 Other Tests: Tests performed according to other
internationally recognized methods, to be reported and
clearly marked as not being subject to the OECD approval
procedure. Such test methods would have to be mentioned
in the report and made available to the OECD in a
published form, in either of the official languages of the
Organisation.

12. TEST CODE FOR PERFORMANCE
TESTING OF TRACTORS AND
POWER TILLERS
 a) Tractor Test: The brief outline of various types of tests
performed by Center of Farm Machinery Testing and
Training Institute (CFMTTI), Budni (MP) are as under.
Tractor test is carried out in accordance with Indian
Standard (IS):5994-1998 as amended from time to time. A
tractor is subjected to the following tests & evaluation
Laboratory Tests • Checking of specifications • PTO
performance test • Belt pulley test(optional) • Drawbar
performance test • Power lift & hydraulic performance
testBrake test • Air cleaner oil pull over test • Noise
measurement • Mechanical vibration measurement •
Location of centre of gravity • Turning ability • Visibility

13. • Field tests: - For Initial commercial tests (ICT) for 35
h and for batch test of 35 h. (if there is any major
breakdown during the ICT) of field tests with the
following implements Plough/ Rotavato r(20 hrs. for
I.C.T & 20 hrs for Batch Test ) Puddling test of 10
Hrs. duration under actual field conditions followed
by Water Proof Test of 5 h for ICT and batch test if
applicable.
• Haulage test: This is done with 2/4 wheel trailers and
the gross load recommended by the manufacturer.
Components & assembly inspection is done to assess
the wear, breakdowns, etc.

14.  b) Power Tiller Test Performance evaluation of power
tiller is conducted in accordance with Indian Standard
(IS):9935-2002 as amended from time to time. A power
tiller is put into the following tests and evaluation: •
Laboratory Tests • Specification checking. • Engine
performance test. • Rotary shaft performance test. •
Drawbar performance test. • Parking brake test. •
Noise measurement. • Air cleaner oil pull over test. •
Mechanical vibration measurement.

15. • Turning ability test. • Chemical composition test and wear
characteristics test of rotavator blades. Field tests: For
Initial commercial tests & batch test 35 h, of field tests
with the following implements • Mould board ploughing
(20 hrs. for I.C.T. only) dryland • Dry rotavation (35 hrs.
for I.C.T. & 35 hrs. for Batch tests) • Puddling under
actual field condition ( 15 h for I.C.T. & Batch test both)
Haulage test: Components and assembly inspection is
done to assess the wear, breakdowns, etc.

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