1) Abrasive jet machining works by using compressed gas to propel abrasive particles at high velocities towards a workpiece, removing material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. 2) Water jet machining uses highly pressurized water to erode and cut hard metals, with abrasive particles added for harder materials. 3) Abrasive water jet machining combines the two processes by mixing abrasive particles into the high-pressure water jet, allowing it to cut a wide variety of materials, including metals, glass, and ceramics, without generating heat, for applications like prototyping.

1. Theory of machining science
AJM, WJM AND AWJM
Prepared by : Harsh B Joshi
(M.Tech Production Engineering,1st
Semester)
Parul Institute of Engineering, Limda

2. Topics should be covered
• Abrasive jet machining working, principle
• Water jet machining working, principle
• Abrasive water jet machining working,
principle

3. Abrasive Jet Machining
In Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), abrasive particles are made to
impinge on the work material at a high velocity. The high velocity
abrasive particles remove the material by micro-cutting action as
well as brittle fracture of the work material

4. Abrasive Jet Machining
Principle:
This machining process works on the basic principle of abrasive erosion. If a
high velocity abrasive particles strike on a hard or brittle work piece, it remove
some metal at the striking surface. This metal removal process takes place due to
brittle fracture of metal and also due to micro cutting by abrasive particle. This is
principle process of abrasive jet machining.

5. Abrasive Jet Machining

6. Schematic Diagram of working of
AJM

7. • First gas or air is compressed into gas compressor. There the
density and pressure of gas increases.
• Now this compressed gas send to filtration unit, where dust
and other suspended particle removed from it.
• This clean gas sends to drier, which absorb moisture from it. It
is used to avoid water or oil contamination of abrasive power.
• Now this clean and dry gas sends to mixing chamber where
abrasive feeder feed abrasive particle in it. The abrasive
particle is about 50 micro meter grit size.
Working:

8. • This high pressuring abrasive carried gas send to nozzle where
its pressure energy converted into kinetic energy. The velocity
of abrasive particle leaving the nozzle is about 200m/s.
• The standoff distance between work piece and nozzle is about
2mm.
• Now these high velocity abrasive particles impinge on work
piece. These high velocity abrasive particles remove the
material by micro cutting action as well as brittle fracture of
the work material.
Working

9. Application:
• It is used in aerospace industries.
• Abrasive jet machining is used to cut hard metal like stainless
steel, titanium, etc.
• It is used to machining or cutting reinforced plastic.
• Use to cut stone which reduce dust in environment.
• Used to machining PCB.

10. Water Jet Machining
Principle:
This process works on basic principle of water erosion. In this
process, a high speed well concentrated water jet is used to cut
the metal. It uses kinetic energy of water particle to erode
metal at contact surface. The jet speed is almost 600 m/s. It
does not generate any environmental hazards. For cutting hard
materials, abrasive particles are used in water jet These
abrasive particles erode metal from contact surface.

11. Schematic Diagram of working of
Water Jet Machining

12. Water Jet Machining
Working:
• The working of water jet machining can be summarize as
follow.
• First water is filled in water reservoir. It provides water for
cutting operation.
• A pump sucks water from water reservoir and send it to
intensifier.
• Intensifier increases the water pressure from 4 bar to 4000
bars. It sends water to accumulator which store some
pressurize water.

13. • This high pressure water now sends through tubing system to
nozzle. The water passes through flow regulator valve which
regulate the flow.
• Now this high pressure water enters into nozzle. Nozzle
converts some pressure energy of water into kinetic energy.
• A high speed high pressurize water jet is available at nozzle
exit.
• This water jet send to strike at work surface. It erode metal
from the contact surface. Thus metal removal take place.
Working:

14. Water Jet Machining
Application:
• It is used in drilling and cutting of hardened metals.
• It is used for machining brittle and heat sensitive material like
glass, quartz, sapphire, mica, ceramic etc.
• It is Use to manufacture electronic devices.
• It is used in deburring small holes and some critical zones in
machine parts.

15. Water Jet and Abrasive Water Jet Machining

16. Abrasive water jet machining

17. Abrasive water jet machining
Application:
• Cut virtually any material.
• Cut thin or thick stuff and No heat generated.
• I Abrasive Water jet cutting can be easily used to produce
prototype parts very efficiently.

18. Abrasive cutting

19. Thank You