A combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems and provide solutions for current and future problems. These include the development and use of smart fertilizers with controlled nutrient release, together with bioformulations based on bacteria or enzymes.

1. Group No: 05

2. Content…
1. Introduction of sustainable agriculture
2. Introduction of Smart Fertilization
3. The role of smart fertilizers in sustainable
agriculture.
4. Methods or types of smart fertilizers.
5. Other smart fertilizer formulation.
6. Sustainable ways to achieve smart fertilizer.
7. Smart fertilizer Compare the conventional fertilizer
practices .
8. Benefits of smart fertilizers in plant, crop yield and
in environment.
9. Potentials to achieve smart fertilization.
10. Restrains to achieve smart fertilization .
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3. Objectives.
 Identification of sustainable agriculture and
smart fertilization.
 Role of smart fertilizers in sustainable
agriculture.
 Discuss about methods or types of smart
fertilizers.
 Sustainable ways to achieve smart fertilization
 Discuss about benefits and advantages of smart
fertilizers in plats, crop yield and in
environment.
 Understand to Potentials to achieve smart
fertilization and restrains to achieve smart
fertilizations.
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4. Introduction of sustainable agriculture
 “Sustainable” is mean of able to be maintained at
a certain rate or level.
 “Sustainable agriculture” is a type of agriculture
that focuses on producing long term crops and
livestock while having minimal effects on the
environment.
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5.  Farming in sustainable ways helps to meeting society's
present food and textile needs, without compromising
the ability for current or future generations to meet
their needs.
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6.  Sustainable farming restores and nourishes the soil
 Sustainable agriculture works in harmony with nature
and not against it.
 Save energy
 Helps to protects and conserves water
 Sustainable agriculture values diversity
 Provides resilience in a world of climate change
 Local sustainable farms support local communities and
economies
Important of sustainable agriculture
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7. • “Smart fertilizer” is
Introduction of smart fertilizer
The development of such fertilizers could be
based on the use of microorganism (bio
fertilizer) and / or nano fertilizer
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8.  To eradicate hunger and extreme poverty
• Since the global population is
expected to increase from 7.2 to 9.6
billion by 2050 and cereal yield have
not increased further since the 1990s,
Maximizing the crop yield is necessary
 Preserving the environment
• Excesses amounts of conventional
fertilizers always,
 Pollute water quality and
reservoirs
 Reduce the quality of soil
characteristics
The role of smart fertilizers in sustainable agriculture
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9.  Save Global climate.
• High fertilization rates lead to N and P losses with negative
impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG)
concentrations.
• Current agricultural activities contribute up to 20% to the
annual atmospheric emissions of GHG, such as methane (CH4)
and carbon dioxide (CO2).
 As a cure for Cultivation within
Urbanization
• Urbanization had reduce the
fertility in soil and have pollute
the environment higher
amount.
• Due to that reason
o Easy plant soluble
o less toxic
• nutrition are necessary. 8

10. 1.0 Slow or controlled -release fertilizers .
• Slow or controlled release fertilizers are those containing a plant
nutrient in a form. Which either ,
a) Delays its availability for plant uptake and use after application.
b) It is available to plant significantly longer thane a reference "rapidly
available nutrient fertilizer "such as ammonium, ammonium phosphate.
• Delayed availability of nutrients or consistent supply for
extended time period can be achieved through a number of
mechanisms.
• Many coating materials can be used to slow
nutrient release, including natural materials such
as clays and nano clays, non-degradable and
biodegradable polymer.
Methods or types of smart fertilizers
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11. Schematic diagram of smart fertilizer effect in the soil-plant system
Environmental
quality
Improve soil
quality
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12.  These are the substance which contains living
microorganisms.
 when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes
the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes
growth by increasing the supply or availability the host
plant.
Formulations of biofertilizers:
 Liquid formulations
 Carrier based formulations
 Granular formulations
 Encapsulated formulations
2.0 Bioformulation Fertilizer
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13. Materials Applications
Brown coal,
charcoal and
biochar
N retention, sustained release fertilizer, slow-
release N fertilizer, biochar-fertilizer composite
Peat N-controlled fertilizer, microbial carrier in
bioformulation
Polymeric
materials
Containing materials of controlled-release fertilizer,
non-environmental friendly polymers
(polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, etc.)
Chitosan and
humics
N-controlled fertilizer
Lignin, cellulose
materials
Coating in controlled-release fertilizer/pyrolyzed
lignocellulosic material in slow-release N fertilizer
Modified humic
substances
Slow-release N from modified humics
Table 01: Carriers and coating materials suitable for the development of smart fertilizers
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14.  Longer shelf life (12-24 months).
 No contamination.
 Low effect of high temperature.
 No loss of properties due to storage up to 450 C.
 Greater potentials to fight with native population.
 High population can be maintained more than 109 cells/ml
up to 12-24 months.
Advantages of using Biofertilizers
Disadvantages of using Biofertilizers
 Lack carrier protection / low viability
 during storage and on seeds
 Cool temperatures for storage (4 °C)
 Limited shelf life, More sensitive to stressful conditions 13

15.  A nano fertilizer is any product that is made with
nanoparticles or uses nanotechnology to improve
nutrient efficiency.
3.0 Nano fertilizers
 Types of nano-fertilizer using in field
Nano porous Zeolite
Zinc Nano Fertilizer
Nano Herbicide
Nano pesticide
Carbon Nano tube
Nano Aptamers
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16.  Synthetic or natural nanoparticles obtain from
various sources, including plants, soil and
microorganisms can be used.
 Naturally occurring nano-clays in this regard is
considered very important and cost effective nano-
material.
 Nano-composites on the other hand is a hybrid
material and they can be used as nutrient source or
as a coating and cementing material facilitating slow
and synchronized nutrient release.
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17.  Polymers are widely used in agriculture especially for
fertilizer development.
 Smart polymeric materials have been applied to smart
delivery systems of a wide variety of agrochemicals.
1. Polymers
Smart polymeric materials Different application
 petroleum-based polymers  Used as encapsulate water-soluble fertilizers
 Synthetic polymers poly-sulfone and
polyacrylonitrile
 Development of slow-release fertilizers
 triple polymer fertilizer  improved its water-holding capacity
Other Smart Fertilizers Formulations
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18.  These materials have increasingly been used as
substitutes of others polymers.
 Biodegradable polymers have also been used in
bioformulations, acting as microbial carriers. These
carriers protect microbial inoculants from various
stresses and prolong shelf life.
2. Biodegradable Polymers
Ex :-
• Calcium alginate gel may protect microbial cells with a
concomitant increase in shelf life.
• Sodium alginates are widely used for bioformulations
(bacterial fertilizers) and with pesticides.
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19. o Improve water quality
o reduce soil emissions of greenhouse gases
o reduce nutrient leaching
o reduce soil acidity
o reduce irrigation and fertilizer requirements.
 Biochar addition to soils also reported to have positive
effects on water-holding capacity.
 Biochar can be used as a soil amendment to improve
yield.
 Biochar can,
3. Biochar
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20. 19

21. Use of harvesting residues for smart fertilizer
formulation
 Lignocellulose straw as carrier and coating materials.
 Low-cost materials such as wheat straw are abundantly available
resources in current agricultural systems. These harvesting
residues contain lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose.
 The potential use of wheat straw for the development of slow-
release N and boron fertilizers with water-retention properties.
 Biochar as carrier and coating materials.
 Biochar was found to increase the C sequestration potential of
soil through its high stability and the reduction of native soil OM
mineralization and to be an excellent microbial habitat.
Sustainable ways to achieve smart fertilizer
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22. C
Smart Fertilizers provides significant dosage reduction
and yield improvement in an environment-friendly way.
Smart Fertilizers have been developed for
the phosphates - Smart Phosphates and micronutrients -
Smart Micronutrients (fertilizers for zinc, boron,
manganese, etc.)
Provide food security for a growing population without
impacting environmental security.
Decrease the negative impacts on the environment
induced by chemical fertilization and by inadequate
disposal or reuse of agricultural wastes.
Important of smart fertilizer
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23. Difference between smart fertilizers &
conventional fertilizers
Smart fertilizers practices Conventional fertilizer practices
• Accurate and uniform
application of fertilizer.
• Fertilizer application is not
accurate and uniform
• Applied as a recommended
amount.
• Amount of major nutrients
(N/P/K) is decrease.
• Can be applied in Right place at
right time.
• Not increase yield per unit area
to achieve high yields.
• Uptake of nutrients by roots is
improved.
• Environmental hazards.
• Economically benefits. • Need high labor power.
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24. • Slow (urea-formaldehydes) or controlled-release (encapsulated
products) fertilizers are those containing a plant nutrient in a
form, which is available to the plant significantly longer than a
reference “rapidly available nutrient fertilizer”
Ex: Ammonium, urea, ammonium phosphate or potassium
chloride
• Nano fertilizers required in small amount which reduce the cost
of transportation and field application.
• major advantage is over accumulation of salt in soil can be
minimized as it required in small amount
• Focuses on good soil management as a long-term process to
improve soil quality.
Benefits of smart fertilizers
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25. • Providing balanced nutrition, nano fertilizers facilitate the crop plants
to fight various biotic and abiotic stresses.
• They have degradable materials and received attention because of
their low cost and low environmental damage’
• Advance controlled-release fertilizers are relatively inexpensive and
could be a front-line technology that help farmers to sustainably
increase crop production.
• By-products from paper, pulp and wood industries can be used as
feedstock for energy producing pyrolysis systems ( generates Biochar)
• The fertilizer industry and its partners are engaged in knowledge
transfer to farmers about smart fertilizers.
• Develop innovative tailored products.
• Smart fertilizers have been developed for the phosphate-smart
phosphate and micronutrients-smart micronutrients (fertilizer for zinc,
boron, manganese, etc.)
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26. • Carriers and Coating materials have suitable applications for the
smart fertilizers.
Ex:
1. Brown coal, charcoal and Biochar – Biochar-fertilizer composite
N retention
2. Peat – N-controlled fertilizer
Microbial carrier in bioformulations
3. Perlite, vermiculite,bentonite and attapulgite – In superabsorbent
composites of controlled-release fertilizers.
4. Polymeric materials – Coating materials of controlled-released fertilizers.
• Can develop smart fertilizers from agricultural residues.
• Burning crop can be used (contain lignin, hemicelluloses,
cellulose)
Potentials to achieve smart fertilization
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27. • Need greater crop management practices for used smart fertilizer
system.
• New technology to ensure food security and environmental health
for the expanding world population.
• Require knowledge about handling practices of smart fertilizer.
• Clearly identify differentiate between conventional practices and
smart fertilizer system.
• Need economically power for long shelf life.
• Raised problems in small holders.
Restraints to achieve smart fertilization
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28. • Sustainable agriculture focuses on maintaining economic stability of
farms and helping farmers improve their techniques and quality of
life.
• At Smart Fertilizer, mission is to empower growers worldwide to
make the right decisions so that they can increase profits and
improve the environment.
• In order to meet sustainable development goals, agricultural
production needs to be increased and the pollution and GHG
emissions related to farming activity need to be decreased.
• We suggest that advances in the application of biotechnology and
nanotechnology have the potential to facilitate improved nutrient
management and use efficiency in agroecosystems.
Summary
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29. • Li, P.P., Wang, X.J., Yuan, X.F., Wang, X.F., Cao, Y.Z., Cui, Z.J., 2011. nanoparticles
as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Sci. Rep. 4, 5686–569
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/what-sustainable-agriculture
• Screening of a composite microbial system and its characteristics of wheat
straw degradation. Agric. Sci. China. 10 (10), 1586–159
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321165134_Smart_Fertilizers_as_a
_Strategy_for_Sustainable_Agriculture
• Li, Z., 2003. Use of surfactant-modified zeolite as fertilizer carriers to control
nitrate release. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 61, 181–188.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211317300834
• 2015. Advances in the treatment and stabilization of composted crop residues
and their technological applications in agricultural, degraded and polluted soils
References
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