2. DEFINITION OF MONOCLONALANTIBODIES:
• Monoclonal antibodies are is a type of Antibody.
• That are identical.
• They are specific against to Ag or epitopes.
• It’s first discovered by KOHLER & MILSTEEIN in 1973.
3. PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONALANTIBODIES:
• Plasma cells will get combined
with myeloma cells to form the
hybridoma.
• This hybridoma is capacity to the
specificAb produced.It is called
Monoclonal antibodies.
4. WHAT IS MYELOMA CELLS:
• It is a abnormal plasma cells.
• It is other wise calledAbnormal white blood cells.
• The Bone marrow contain cancer(Tumour) cell is
other wise called Myeloma cells.
• Found in many bones.
6. DIAGNOSTICAPPLICATION:
1.BIOCHEMICALANALYSIS:
• Two types of assay used to analysis Biochemically one is Radioimmunoassay(RIA) another
one is Enzyme linked sorbant immunoassay(ELISA).
• These above two assay used to detect and diagnosis of the various types of
Hormones,Body fluids andTissues.
• Hormones like:Growth hormone,Insulin and etc.
• Body fluids like:Blood groupAntigen,Histocompatibility,interleukins and etc.
7. PREGNANCY & CANCER:
Pregnancy:
• It’s used to detect the HCG hormones level in urine.
Cancer:
• To detect the colorectalAg and prostate cancer.
• .This monoclonal antibodies used to recognize and detect theTumor markersThat’s like
Abnormal level of Prostatic acid phosphatase is detect used to analysis the prostate
cancer.
• At the same time Monoclonal antibodies used to treat and reduced theTumor size.
8. INFECTIVE DISEASE,SEXUALTRANSMITTEDAND
HORMONAL DISORDER:
• Infective disease:
Its caused by Fungai,Viruses,Bacteria and etc…The Monoclonal antibodies used to detect and treat
the infective disease.
• Sexual transmitted disease:
An infection transmitted through sexual contact,caused by bacteria,viruses or parasites.ex:.
Hepatitis B and syphilis.
Some MAb’s used to treat some sexual transmission disease.
• Hormonal disorder:
. MAb’s used to diagnosis and treat the thyroid hormones disorder such asThyroid cancer,Goiter and
etc….
9. II.DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES:
• Radiolabelled MAb’s used to imaging the various types of disease.This process is called
“IMMUNOSCIENTIGRAPHY”.
• Commonly used radioisotopes in MAb’s are Iodine 131 .
• SPECT(Single photon emissions computed tomography)is used for recent year .
10. A) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OR MYOCARDIAL
INFRACTION:
• The myocardial (heart) specific protein MYOSIN wherever to localized to diagnostic
imaging of the Cardiovascular disease.
• Antimyosin MAb’s with radiolabelled isotopes of Idium chloride is used to detect the site
of Cardiovascular disease.
• PROCEDURE:
The Radiolabelled MAb’s are injected intravenously the patient usually done afterv24
to 70 or 72 hours imaging the disease.
11. B.ATHEROSCLEROSISAND DEEPVEINTHROMBOSIS:
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
The MAb’s are specific against to Fibrin or platelet.The radiolabelled MAb’s are injected
intravenously, specifically binds to Place of Fibrin or platelets and after imaging to detect the
blood cloting place .
Calf ,pelvis region disease are easily diagnosis.
• DVT:
It’s similar to Atherosclerosis.This MAb’s specific against to Fibrin or platelet and after
imaging of disease.
This method used to Prognosis of Heart attack .
12. C.CANCER:
• Radiolabelled Monoclonal antibodies are used to imaging of various types of cancers.
• Specific radiolabelled MAb’s are used to detect specific type of Tumor marker.
• Tumor markers :. A tumor marker is a biomarker found in blood, urine, or body tissues thatcan
be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. There are many different tumor
markers, each indicative of a particular disease process, and they are used in oncologyto help
detect the presence of cancer.
Tumor markers Associated with cancer
Prostatic acid phosphatase Prostate cancer
Human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) Chorionic cancer
Cell surface tumor Ag Various types of cancers.
13. II.THERAPEUTICAPPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES:
• MAb’s are used to Treatment of cancer,Autoimmune disease,Bone marrow
transplantation,Cardiovascular disease and etc.
• There are two ways of therapeutic application of MAb’s:
1. Direct used in MAb’s in therapeutic agent.
2. Monoclonal antibodies in targeting agent.
14. DIRECT USED IN MONOCLONALANTIBODIES IN
THETHERAPEUTICAGENT:
• This type of Monoclonal antibodies directly enhance the immune response in host.
• It’s minimal toxicity of host.
15. A.PROTECT AGAINSTTHE PATHOGENS&
TREATMENT OF CANCER:
• Directly used in Monoclonal antibodies are enhance the immune response to destroyed
pathogens.
• It’s protect against the certain viral bacterial infection.
• Such as haepatitis B virus ,Pseudomonas SP.
• The MAb’s against the Cell surfaceAg .
• Leukemia,Colorectal cancer,Melanoma and various types of cancer treat brought out by
Antibody depends cellmediated cytotoxic and complement cytotoxic of cells.
16. B.TREAT OF AIDS ,IT’S ACT AS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
DRUG IN ORGANTRANSPLANTATION&AIDS
(AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES:
• The type of OK T4 MAb’s fight against the HIVAg.
• Immunosuppressive drugs such as Cyclosporine,Prednisone and etc….This drugs
are used to organ transplantation.
• These above any drugs combined with OKT3 MAb’s used to safe transplantation of bone
marrow , renal and etc….
• This MAb’s fight against theT cell surfaceAg to clear theTumor.
• TheAuto immune diseases like Rhematoid arthritis,Myasthenia gravis , multiple sclerosis
and etc to treated the specific monoclonal antibodies.
17. MONOCLONALANTIBODIES INTARGETING
AGENT:
• These like Some drugs ,Toxins , radioisotopes and etc…are combined with tissue
specific Monoclonal antibodies that are to carried out the target tissue to specific
extreme activity.
• This way is good efficiency action on targeting tissues.
18. MONOCLONALANTIBODIES IN IMMUNOTOXINS
AND IN DRUG DELIVERY:
• Immunotoxins:
The drugs to conjugated with MAb’s it is called Immunotoxins to treat the
Therapy.
Ex:Diptheria toxins .
• Drug delivery:
The monoclonal antibodies binds with
drugs to fight against the specificAg.
19. ANTIBODY DIRECR ENZYME PRODRUGTHERAPY:
(ADPET)
• In active form of prodrug to form the active form by the help of enzyme(direct) and next this
ADEPT binds to TargetingAg to kill immediately.
Some enzymes of ADPET:
1. Alkalin phosphatase
2. Lactamase
3. Etc.
