Super critical fluid extraction uses supercritical fluids like carbon dioxide above their critical point to extract components from solids. Key properties of supercritical fluids are that they have liquid-like densities and gas-like viscosities, allowing for deep penetration and fast extraction. The process involves grinding samples, packing them in an extraction vessel, passing supercritical carbon dioxide through the vessel to solubilize compounds, and collecting the extracts. Supercritical CO2 is commonly used but has low polarity, so modifiers like ethanol are sometimes added. Applications include food, pharmaceutical, and essential oil extractions.

1. SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
Guided by:
Dr Anil Kumar Chauhan
Professor (Food Technology)
Head of the Department
• Prepared By:
• Harinandan Dev
• 22412FST010
• M.Sc (Ag.) Food Technology
• Batch 2022-2024(1st Sem)

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Introduction
• What is Super Critical Fluid Extraction?
• Phase Diagram of Super Critical Fluid
• Physicochemical Properties of Super Critical Fluid
• Properties of Super Critical Fluid
• Working of Super Critical Fluid Extraction
• Critical Properties of selected Substance. i.e. SCF-CO2
• Applications

5. SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION?
• Definition:
• Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one
component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using
supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent.
• Supercritical fluid is any substance (liquid or gas) at a
temperature and pressure above its critical point (the end point
of phase equilibrium curve), where distinctive gas or liquid phase
don not exist and exhibit the properties of both gas and liquid.
Both the temperature and pressure of the supercritical fluid are

9. PHASE DIAGRAM OF SUPER CRITICAL FLUID
• The phase diagram of a
substance shows the
relationships between
temperature, pressure, and
the different states of matter
(solid, liquid, gas).
• In the case of a supercritical
fluid, the phase diagram
includes an additional region
beyond the critical point.

10. CONT.
• The phase diagram of a substance
can be divided into three regions:
• Solid Region: The substance is in a
solid state at low temperature and
high pressure.
• Liquid Region: The substance is in a
liquid state at moderate temperature
and pressure.
• Gas Region: The substance is in a gas
state at high temperature and low
pressure.

11. CONT.
• In addition to these three regions, a
supercritical fluid region exists beyond the
critical point of the substance. The critical
point is the point on the phase diagram
where the liquid and gas phases have the
same density, and the distinction between
the two phases disappears.
• At a certain temperature and pressure
condition, liquid and vapour phases of a
substance become indistinguishable.
Known as CRITICAL CONDITION
• Substances above critical point
“SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS” (SCF)

15. EXHIBIT PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• Liquid like: Density, negligible surface tension, solvating
characteristics (solvent power, dissolve chemical constituent like
liquid)
• Gas like: Viscosity, compressibility and relatively high diffusivity
(diffuse/transport through solid like gas)
• Because of these properties, enable supercritical fluids to
penetrate deeper and faster to solid matrices
• And thus extraction efficiency and extraction rate is enhanced
with less thermal degradation occur.

16. PROPERTIES OF SUPER CRITICAL FLUID
• High Solubility: Supercritical fluids have a high solubility for
non-polar and low-polarity compounds.
• Selectivity: The solubility of a compound in a supercritical fluid
depends on its polarity, molecular weight, and shape
• Low Viscosity: Supercritical fluids have a low viscosity.
• Adjustable Properties: The properties of a supercritical fluid,
such as density and polarity, can be easily adjusted by changing
the pressure and temperature.

20. WORKING OF SFE PROCESS

29. SUPER CRITICAL FLUID

31. SAMPLE PREPARATION
• Grinding or milling the sample: to increase its surface area and facilitate the extraction
process.
• Drying the sample: that could affect the extraction efficiency.
• Weighing the sample: to ensure that the extraction conditions are optimized. .
• Packing the sample: packed into an extraction vessel, which is typically a stainless-
steel cylinder or a glass tube.
• Preparing the extraction solvent: carbon dioxide, is pressurized to its supercritical state
using a compressor or pump.
• Performing the extraction: The supercritical fluid is passed through the sample, and the
extracted compounds are collected in a separate container.
• Post-extraction processing: The extracted compounds can be further purified or
analyzed using various techniques, such as chromatography or spectroscopy.

33. DRAWBACK AND DISADVANTAGE OF SF CARBON
DIOXIDE
• SC-CO2 is that it has low polarity (non-polar nature) and can be
less effective in extracting polar compounds from plant
materials.
• However, incorporating an organic solvents as modifier such as
methanol or ethanol can significantly enhance extraction
efficiency
• Requirement of high pressure and temperature, it increases the
operational cost of this method as compared to conventional
methods of extraction.

34. APPLICATION OF SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
(SFE)
• More versatile extraction technology for obtaining residual
solvent free extracts
• SFE has been successfully applied to the production of vegetable
oils.
• SFE has been magnificently used in pharmaceutical and food
analysis and also has polymer as well as environmental
applications.
• Commercial scale used for the decaffeination of coffee ad tea,
refining of cooking oil, recovering flavour from the spices.
• Many essential oil commercially extracted by this technology.

36. SOURCE AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF ISOLATED BY SFE