Supercritical fluid chromatography was first proposed in 1958 and uses supercritical fluids like carbon dioxide as the mobile phase above their critical temperature and pressure. It allows for separation of low to moderate weight compounds that are thermally liable. Compounds without chromophores can be detected sensitively using SFC. Some advantages include faster separation speeds, ability to do chiral separations, and lower mobile phase viscosity allowing high flow rates. However, SFC also has some drawbacks like requiring expensive high pressure equipment and difficulties maintaining pressure and separating gas from liquid during collection.

1. CHROMATOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES ||
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
RITU R. HALDIVE
Roll No.- 09
(Analytical Chemistry)

2. CONTENTS
*Introduction
*Theory
*Concept of critical state of matter
*Supercritical state
*Types of supercritical fluid

3.  Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was first proposed
in 1958 by J. Lovelock.
First used in 1962 by Klesper.
It is used for the analysis and purification of low moderate
molecular weight , thermally liable molecule.
Compounds without chromophores can be sensitively
detected and the use of open-tubular and packed column is
feasible.
INTRODUCTION

4. DEFINITION
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is
define as a mode of chromatography in
which both the temperature and the
pressure in the column exceed the critical
values of the mobile phase.

5. PRINCIPLE/ THEORY
Principles are similar to those of High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), However SFC typically
utilizes carbon dioxide as the mobile phase; Therefore
the entire chromatographic flow path must be
pressurized. Because the supercritical phase represents
the state in which liquid and gas properties converge,
Supercritical fluid chromatography sometimes called
“Convergence Chromatography”.

6. Concept Of Critical State Of Matter:-
A state attainable by every chemically stable pure
substance in which the liquid and the vapor phases have
the same density.

7. Concept Of Supercritical State Of Matter:-
A supercritical state is a stat of matter at which material that
can be either liquid or gas used in state above critical
temperature and critical pressure where gases and liquid can co-
exist.

8. Sample preparation:-
A rule-of-thumb is that any molecule that will dissolve in
methanol or a less polar solvent is compatible with . Strength
can be increased by increasing density or using a polar co-
solvent. In practice, when the fraction of co-solvent is high, the
mobile phase is not truly supercritical, but this terminology is
used regardless.

9. Advantages:-
1. Separation speed.
2. The ability to achieve chiral separations.
3. Lower viscosity of the mobile phases, which allows high flow rates
with acceptable pressure drops and results in higher productivity.
4. Reduction of solvent use of as much as 90% compared with liquid
chromatography.

10. Drawbacks
There have been a few technical issues that have limited adoption of SFC
technology.
1. High pressure operating conditions.
High-pressure vessels are expensive and bulky, and special materials
are often needed to avoid dissolving gaskets and O-rings in the supercritical
fluid.
2. Difficulty in maintaining pressure.
Whereas liquids are nearly incompressible, so their densities are
constant regardless of pressure, supercritical fluids are highly compressible
and their physical properties change with pressure.
3. Difficulty in gas/liquid separation during collection of product.
Upon depressurization, the CO2 rapidly turns into gas and aerosolizes
any dissolved analyte in the process.

11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank our HOD. Dr. Pramoda mam and
our principal Dr. Pushpinder mam for giving me the
opportunity to give the presentation on the topic of
supercritical fluid chromatography .

12. REFERENCES
1. Taylor, Larry T. (2010). "Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography". Analytical Chemistry
2. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/sfc

13. THANK YOU