fulfiling water demand for a township

1. COMPUTING WATER
DEMAND FOR TOWNSHIP
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2. NEED OF WATER
• EVERYTHING IS DEPENDS ON WATER .
• ALL THE DEVELOPMENTS OF ANY TYPE DEPENDS ON WATER,SUCH
AS INDUSTRIAL ,RESIDENCIAL,COMMERCIAL.
• WATER SUPPLY SCHEME IS REQUIRED TO DESIGN TO PROVIDE IN
ADEQUATE QUANTITY AND PORTABLE QUANTITY,WHICH DOES NOT
CAUSE ADVERSE EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH.

3. WATER DEMANDS
•WATER MAY BE REQUIRED BY A VARIOUS PURPOSES
BASED ON THE PRESENT POPULATION ,SOCIAL
GROWTH ,INDUSTRIAL GROWTH ,RESIDENTIAL
GROWTH AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLANS .
•IT IS NECESSARY TO ESTIMATE THE VARIOUS
DEMANDS OF WATER FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.

4. TYPES OF WATER DEMAND:
 DOMESTIC DEMAND
 INDUSTRIAL DEMAND
 COMMERCIAL DEMAND

5. DOMESTIC WATER DEMANDS
 THIS IS THE BASIC REQUIREMENT AND ACCOUNTS FOR THE
WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSE.
 HOUSEHOLD PURPOSE INCLUDED
DRINKING,COOKING,BATHING,LAWN
SPRINKLING,,GARDENING,SANITORY PURPOSES,ETC.
 THE AMOUNT OF WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON SHALL
VERY ACCORDING TO THE LIVING CONDISITION OF THE
CONSUMERS.

6.  THE MINIMUM DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION FOR A TOWN OR CITY
WITH FULL FLUSHING SYSTEM SHOULD BE TAKEN AT 200 L/H/D
 ALTHOUGH IT CAN BE REDUCED TO 135 L/H/D FOR ECONOMICALLY
WEAKER SECTIONS AND LIG COLONIES DEPENDING UPON PREVAILING
CONDITIONS.

7. MINIMUM DOMESTIC WATER
CONSUMPTION (ANNUAL AVERAGE) FOR
INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES WITH FULL
FLUSHING SYSTEM AS PER IS : 1172-1993
USE CONSUMPTION
(L/H/D)
 DRINKING 5
 COOKING 5
 BATHING 75
 WASHING OF CLOTHES 25
 WASHING OF UTENSILS 15
 WASHING AND CLEANING OF 15
HOUSES AND RESIDENCES
 LAWN WATERING AND GARDENING 15
 FLUSHING OF WATER CLOSETS, ETC. 45
TOTAL 200

8. MINIMUM DOMESTIC WATER
CONSUMPTION (ANNUAL AVERAGE)
FOR WEAKER SECTIONS AND LIG COLONIES
IN SMALL INDIAN TOWN AND CITIES
USE IN CONSUMPTION
(L/H/D)
 DRINKING 5
 COOKING 5
 BATHING 55
 WASHING OF CLOTHES 20
 WASHING OF UTENSILS 10
 WASHING AND CLEANING OF
HOUSES AND RESIDENCES 10
 FLUSHING OF WATER CLOSET,ETC. 30
TOTAL 135

9. CALCULATION WATER DEMAND FOR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES FOR 2000 PEOPLE
 PER PERSON PER DAY =135 L/DAY
 TOTAL POPULATION OF TOWNSHIP =2000 PEOPLE
 Q=TOTAL POPULATION X WATER REQUIRED PER PERSON PER DAY
WHERE,
Q=TOTAL QUANTITY OF WATER
Q = 2000 PEOPLE X 135 L/DAY
= 2,70,000 L/D
THEREFORE,
FOR 2000 PEOPLE 2,70,000 L REQUIRED PER DAY.

10. CAPACITY OF WATER TANK
 CAPACITY OF WATER =TOTAL POPULATION X WATER
REQUIRED TANK 2000 PEOPLE PER PERSON PER DAY
= 2000 X 135 L/DAY
= 2,70,000 L/DAY
 135 L/DAY WATER REQUIRED PER PERSON.
 WE ASSUME 5 PERSON PER RESIDENCE.
CAPACITY OF WATER = NO. OF PEOPLE X WATER
REQUIRED PER TANK PER RESIDENCE PERSON
= 5 X 135 L/DAY
= 675 L/DAY

11. WATER SUPPLY IN RESIDENCES IN
TOWNSHIP:
 THERE ARE VARIOUS WAYS IN WHICH IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO
OBTAIN THE WATER SUPPLY FOR A BUILDING.
 THE USUAL COURSE IN CITIES AND TOWNS IS TO EMPLOY THE
MUNICIPAL WATER WORKS SERVICE.
 THIS, OF COURSE, SETTLES THE SUPPLY FEATURE, AND THE
PLUMBER SIMPLY PROVIDES THE HOUSE AND YARD PIPE, 5/8-
INCH OR LARGER MAIN, ACCORDING TO THE CHARACTER OF
THE WORK. IF OF LEAD, THE PIPE MUST BE OF STRENGTH
ACCORDING WITH THE PRESSURE

12. THE TWO GENERAL METHODS OF SUPPLYING BUILDINGS WITH WATER
ARE: (1) THE DIRECT SYSTEM ; AND (2) THE INDIRECT OR TANK SYSTEM.

13. RAILTOTY, GONDIA

14. DIRECT SYSTEM:
 THE DIR ECT METHOD, GENERALLY EMPLOYED IN CITIES,
PLACES EACH FIXTURE CONNECTED WITH THE SUPPLY
UNDER THE SAME PRESSURE AS THE STREET MAIN, UNLESS A
REDUCING VALUE IS INTRODUCED, THUS OFTEN
SUBJECTING THE WORK TO NEEDLESS HIGH PRESSURE AND
ALWAYS TO THE WIDELY VARYING CONDITIONS AND
QUALITY OF SERVICE INCIDENTAL TO SUCH USE.
 IN THE DIRECT SYSTEM IT IS GOOD PRACTICE, WHERE AT
ALL PRACTICABLE, TO PIPE AND FIT THE WORK GENERALLY
FOR PRESSURE NOT EXCEEDING 50 POUNDS PER SQUARE
INCH, AND THEN USE A REDUCING VALVE TO MAINTAIN
SUCH PRESSURE AS IS REQUIRED.

15. DIRECT WATER SUPPLY:

16. INDIRECT METHOD:
 With the indirect system, the connection with the street main is
carried directly to a tank placed in the attic, or at some point
above the highest fixture.
 The indirect method is almost always necessarily employed in
isolated work; and even where municipal service is available, it
is generally better for ordinary domestic purposes.
 The supply to tank is regulated by a ball-cock which
automatically shuts off the water when the tank becomes full,
and opens and refills it again when water is drawn out.
 All the plumbing fixtures are supplied directly from the tank,
and are therefore under a constant minimum pressure
depending on the distance the fixtures are situated below the
tank.
 The tank storage is a matter of great convenience during
repairs to street mains, aside from its advantages of uniform
pressure, reduced expense of fitting and maintaining low-
pressure work, etc.

17. INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY:

18. TYPES
THERE ARE TWO
TYPES OF STORAGE
TANKS IN WHICH
WATER CAN BE
STORED FOR
SUPPLY.
UNDERGROUN
D STORAGE
OVERHEAD
STORAGE

21. IMPORTANT POINTS
• NECESSARILY
REQUIRED TO COLLECT
WATER FROM
MUNICIPAL MAINS, IF
THE WATER PRESSURE IS
INSUFFICIENT FOR
DIRECT SUPPLY TO THE
POINT OF USE OR TO
REACH THE OVERHEAD
TANK.

22. • RESERVOIRS AND
TANKS FOR THE
RECEPTION AND
STORAGE OF WATER
SHALL BE
CONSTRUCTED OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE BRICK
MASONRY, FERRO
CEMENT PRECAST,
MILD STEEL,
STAINLESS STEEL OR
PLASTIC.

23. FERRO CEMENT PRECAST,

24.  DESIGN OF THE TANK SHALL BE SUCH AS TO PROVIDE FOR
THE DRAINING OF THE TANK WHEN NECESSARY
 WATER SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED TO COLLECT AROUND
THE TANK.

25.  THE TANK SHALL BE
PERFECTLY WATER-
PROOF AND SHALL BE
PROVIDED WITH A
CEMENT CONCRETE
COVER, HAVING A
MANHOLE OPENING,

26.  THE UNDERGROUND
TANKS SHOULD NOT
BE LOCATED IN LOW
LYING AREAS OR
NEAR ANY PUBLIC
OR PRIVATE SEWER,
SEPTIC TANK,