1. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners willAt the end of the lesson, the learners will
be able to :be able to :
1. identify techniques in paraphrasing.1. identify techniques in paraphrasing.
2. uses various techniques in2. uses various techniques in
paraphrasing.paraphrasing.
3. ParaphrasingParaphrasing
To paraphrase is to say the same thing inTo paraphrase is to say the same thing in
another way,another way, using your own wordsusing your own words..
We can successfully paraphrase byWe can successfully paraphrase by using ausing a
combination of techniques.combination of techniques.
4. ParaphrasingParaphrasing
TechniquesTechniques
1.1. Change from aChange from a ClauseClause to ato a PhrasePhrase (or(or
vice versa)vice versa)
2.2. Change fromChange from Quoted SpeechQuoted Speech toto
Indirect SpeechIndirect Speech (or vice versa)(or vice versa)
3.3. Change fromChange from Active VoiceActive Voice toto PassivePassive
VoiceVoice (or vice versa)(or vice versa)
4.4. Change toChange to SynonymsSynonyms
5.5. ChangeChange Word FormsWord Forms
5. A phrase is a group or words that express a
concept and is used as a unit within a sentence.
The bewildered tourist was lost. - Noun Phrase
He was waiting for the rain to stop.- Verb Phrase
Taking my dog for a walk is fun. - Gerund
Phrase
To make lemonade, you have to start with
lemons.- Infinitive phrase
Her horse, an Arabian, was her pride and joy.-
Appositive phrases
6. Independent ClausesIndependent Clauses are complete sentences. Theyare complete sentences. They
can stand alone and express a complete thought.can stand alone and express a complete thought.
Examples: I want some cereal.
Marie likes cats.
Joseph is a good soccer player.
Dependent ClausesDependent Clauses contain a subject and acontain a subject and a
predicate, but they do not express a completepredicate, but they do not express a complete
thought.thought.
Examples: When it is raining
Because you were late
Before you go to bed
7. Change from aChange from a ClauseClause to ato a PhrasePhrase
After he studiedAfter he studied, John took a nap., John took a nap.
AfterAfter studyingstudying, John took a nap., John took a nap.
♦The houseThe house across the streetacross the street is new.is new.
♦The houseThe house that is across the streetthat is across the street is newis new..
8. “I am readyI am ready
for lunch.”for lunch.”
Change fromChange from Quoted SpeechQuoted Speech toto
Indirect SpeechIndirect Speech
Mr. Lee said,Mr. Lee said, “I am ready for lunch.”“I am ready for lunch.”
Mr. LeeMr. Lee saidsaid he was ready for lunchhe was ready for lunch..
9. Change from Active Voice toChange from Active Voice to
Passive VoicePassive Voice
A hotel employeeA hotel employee will carrywill carry your bags.your bags.
Your bagsYour bags will be carried bywill be carried by a hotela hotel
employee.employee.
10. …………and replace words withand replace words with
synonyms.synonyms.
A hotel employee will carry your bags.A hotel employee will carry your bags.
Your bags will be carried by aYour bags will be carried by a hotelhotel
employee.employee.
♦Your luggage will be picked up by aYour luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.bell boy.
11. Change Word FormsChange Word Forms
Use anUse an adverbadverb instead of aninstead of an adjectiveadjective
Use aUse a verbverb to replace ato replace a noun.noun.
GROGGROG is anis an accurate typistaccurate typist..
GROG typesGROG types accuratelyaccurately..
12. Change to SynonymsChange to Synonyms
Replace the original words with wordsReplace the original words with words
that mean the same.that mean the same.
The stallion wasThe stallion was contentcontent with the mare.with the mare.
The stallion wasThe stallion was happyhappy with the mare.with the mare.
13. When You can’t find a SynonymWhen You can’t find a Synonym
Replace the original word with a definition.Replace the original word with a definition.
TheThe stallionstallion was content with thewas content with the maremare..
TheThe male horsemale horse was happy with thewas happy with the femalefemale
horsehorse..
14. Combine TechniquesCombine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add synonyms orChange to a phrase & add synonyms or
definitionsdefinitions
AfterAfter he ate lunchhe ate lunch,, Mike took a napMike took a nap..
AfterAfter eating luncheating lunch, Mike, Mike slept a littleslept a little..
15. Combine TechniquesCombine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add synonyms orChange to a phrase & add synonyms or
definitionsdefinitions
The houseThe house that is across the street is oldthat is across the street is old..
The houseThe house across the streetacross the street is old.is old.
The houseThe house on the other side of the streeton the other side of the street is old.is old.
TheThe dwellingdwelling on theon the other side ofother side of the roadthe road isis ancientancient..
16. Interpret Meaning…….Identify the underlyingInterpret Meaning…….Identify the underlying
meaning of a statement.meaning of a statement.
The wolf said, “The wolf said, “I am ready for lunchI am ready for lunch.”.”
I am readyI am ready
for Lunchfor Lunch
The wolf complained about being hungryThe wolf complained about being hungry
which made the sheep extremely anxiouswhich made the sheep extremely anxious..
The sheep looked very worriedThe sheep looked very worried..
17. Change transitionsChange transitions
Although it was raining, Bob walked to workAlthough it was raining, Bob walked to work..
It was raining, but Bob walked to work.It was raining, but Bob walked to work.
It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.
18. ………… and change word formsand change word forms
Although it was raining, Bob walked to work.Although it was raining, Bob walked to work.
It was raining, but Bob walked to work.It was raining, but Bob walked to work.
It was raining; however, Bob walked to workIt was raining; however, Bob walked to work..
♦Despite the rain, Bob went to work on foot.Despite the rain, Bob went to work on foot.
19. Your TurnYour Turn
Paraphrase theParaphrase the
following:following: Today, people are worried about internet security.Today, people are worried about internet security.
Advocates of internet tracking believe that it helpsAdvocates of internet tracking believe that it helps
marketers to understand what people want.marketers to understand what people want.
People who oppose internet tracking believe that itPeople who oppose internet tracking believe that it
is an invasion of privacy.is an invasion of privacy.
This information age will cause more and moreThis information age will cause more and more
people to become concerned with the level ofpeople to become concerned with the level of
personal detail that can be found from the internet.personal detail that can be found from the internet.
