Computer networks by hm

13Jan2016
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ComputerNetworksbyRisingGroup

WHY MY GROUP NAME IS RISING GROUP?
 We are not perfect but we try to make perfect.
 We are not genius but we try to solve every
problem.
 We are not stars but our tries makes us.
 We are RISING so our Group is rising group.
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WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK?
 A large number of separate but interconnected
Computers to do the job is called Computer
Network.
 A computer network is a collection of computer
and devices connected together via
communication devices and transmission media .
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Switch
NIC
Router
Communication devices Devices
printer Scanner
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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
 Communication describes a process in which two
or more computer or devices transfer data,
instructions and information ..
Server
Client Client
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TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS:
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Campus Area Network (CAN)
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
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LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN):
 A local area network is a network that connects
computers and device in a limited geographical
area such as home, school computer laboratory,
office building etc.
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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN):
A Metropolitan Area Network is a high speed
network that connects local area networks in
metropolitan area such as city or town and handles
bulk of communication activity across the region.
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WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN):
 A wide area network is a network that covers a
large graphical area such country or the world.
 WAN combines many types of media such as
telephone lines, cables and radio wave. A WAN can
be one large network or can consist of two or more
LANs conneted together.
 The Internet is the worlds largest WAN.
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CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN):
 Multiple LAN connection in a campus is called
CAN.
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PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) :
 A personal area network (PAN) is a computer
network used for data transmission among devices
such as computers, telephones and personal digital
assistants.
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DIFFERETIATE B/W THE TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKS:
Differnet LAN MAN WAN
Cost Low Optic High Higher
Network Size Small Larger Largest
Speed Fastest Slower Slowest
Transmission
Media
Twisted pair Twisted pair Fibre
optic cables
Fibre optic
Radio wave
Satellite
Number of
Computer
Smallest Large Largest
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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:
 Network architecture is the overall design of a
computer network that describes how a computer
network is configured and what strategies are being
used.
 It is mainly focuses on the function of the networks.
 Two main network architecture:
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Client/Server
Network
Peer-to-Peer
Network
Network
Architecture

WHAT IS CLIENT/SERVER?
 Server is a computer that controls access to the
hardware,software and other resources on the
network and provides a centralized storage are for
program.
 Client is a computer that request services from a
server computer.
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WHAT IS PEER-TO-PEER ?
 Peer-to-peer is a simple , inexpensive network that
typically connects fewer than 10 computers.
 All computers in the network have equal capabilities
to the resources ( hardware, software, data and file)
available on the network.
 With Peer-to-Peer Networks, there is no centrel
server.
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THE DIFFERENCES B/W CLIENT/SERVER AND
PEER-TO-PEER:
Client/Server Peer-to-Peer
Server has to control ability while
client’s don’t .
All computer have equal ability.
Higher cabling cost Cheaper cabling cost
It is used in small and large
networks.
Normally used in small networks
with less than 10 computers.
Easy to manage Hard to manage
Install software only in the server
while the clients share the software
Install software to every computer
One powerful computer acting as
server
No server is needed
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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES:
 Network topology is the schematic description of a
network arrangement connecting various nodes
(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
 Different Types of Topologies:
 BUS Topology
 STAR Topology
 RING Topology
 MESH Topology
 TREE Topology
 HYBRID Topology
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BUS TOPOLOGY:
 Bus topology is a network type in which every
computer and network device is connected to single
cable .
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FEATURES OF BUS
TOPOLOGY:
 It transmits data only in one direction
 Every device is connected to a single cable
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ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY :
 It is cost effective.
 Cable required is least compare to other network
topology.
 Used in small networks.
 It is easy to understand.
 Easy to expand joining two cabals together.
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DISADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY
 Cable has a limited length.
 If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the
performance of the network decreases.
 Cables fails then whole network fails.
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STAR TOPOLOGY:
 In this type of topology all the computer are
connected to a single hub through a cable .
This hub is the central node and all others nodes
are connected to the central node.
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FEATURES OF STAR TOPOLOGY:
 Every node has its own dedicated connection to the
hub.
 Acts as a repeater for data flow.
 Can be used with twisted pair , optical fiber or
coaxial cable.
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ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY:
 Fast performance with few nodes and low network
traffic.
 Hub can be upgraded easily.
 Easy to troubleshoot.
 Easy to setup and modify.
 Only that node is affected which has failed rest of
the nodes can work smoothly.
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DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY:
 Cost of installation is high.
 Expensive to use.
 If the hub is affected then the whole network is
stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.
 Performance is based on the hub that is it depend
on its capacity.
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RING TOPOLOGY:
 It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as
each computer is connected to another computer ,
with the last one connected to the first . Exactly two
neighbours for each device.
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FEATURES OF RING TOPOLOGY:
 A number of repeaters are used and the
transmission is unidirectional.
 Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit
by bit.
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ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY
 Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic
or by adding more nodes , as only the nodes having
tokens con transmit data.
 Cheap to install and expand .
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DISADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY:
 Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
 Adding and deleting the computers disturbs the
network activity.
 Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.
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MESH TOPOLOGY:
 It is a point -to -point connection to other nodes or
devices , traffic is carried only between two devices
or nodes to which it is connected.
 Types of MESH Topology:
 Partial MESH Topology
 Full MESH Topology
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PARTIAL MESH TOPOLOGY:
 In this technology some of the systems are
connected in the same fashion as mesh topology
but some devices are also connected to two or
three devices.
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FULL MESH TOPOLOGY:
 Each and every nodes or devices are connected to
each other
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FEATURES OF MESH TOPOLOGY:
 Fully connected
 Not flexible.
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ADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY:
 Each connection can carry its on data load.
 It is robust.
 Fault is diagnosed easily.
 Provides security and privacy.
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DISADVANTAGES OF MESH
TOPOLOGY:
 Installation and configuration is difficult.
 Cabling cost is more.
 Bulk wiring is required.
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FEATURES OF TREE TOPOLOGY:
 Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
 Used in wide area networks.
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TREE TOPOLOGY:
 It has a root node and all other nodes are
connected to it forming a hierarchy . It is also called
hierarchical topology.
 It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.
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ADVANTAGES OF TREE TOPOLOGY:
 Extension of bus and star topologies.
 Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
 Easily manage and maintained.
 Error detection is easily done.
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DISADVANTAGES OF TREE TOPOLOGY:
 Heavily cabled
 Costly
 If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult
 Central hub fails , network fails.
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HYBRID TOPOLOGY:
 It is two different topologies which is mixture of two
or more topologies
 For example :
If in an office in one department ring topology is
used and in another star topology is used ,
connecting these topologies will result in hybrid
topology ( ring topology and star topology )
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FEATURE OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY :
 It is a combination of two or more topologies.
 Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the
topologies included
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ADVANTAGES OF HYDRID TOPOLOGY:
 Reliable as error detecting and trouble shooting is
easy.
 Effective.
 Scalable as size can be increased easily.
 Flexible.
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DISADVANTGES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY :
 Complex in design .
 Costly.
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