Decision Support Systems

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Decision Support Systems
Presented By: Dr. Hamdan Al-Sabri
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Out line
Decision Support Systems
Decision Making
Type of Decision-makings
Phases of Decision Making
Decision Support Framework
Components of DSS
Types of DSS
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Decision Support Systems
An interactive computer-based system that
helps decision makers in the solution of semi-
structured and unstructured problems.
Developed in the early 1970s
Primary focus: semi-structured and
unstructured decision-makings
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Decision Making
Process of choosing amongst alternative
courses of action for the purpose of attaining a
goal or goals.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Type of Decision-makings
Structured (Programmed)
 routine & repetitive, predictable problems
 standard solutions exist
Unstructured (Nonprogrammed)
 non-routine, unpredictable, “fuzzy” complex problems
 no cut-and-dried solutions
Semistructured (Programmed + Nonprogrammed)
 non-routine, but predictable
 Require a combination of standard solution procedures and individual
judgement
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Phases of Decision Making
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Phases of Decision Making
Phase 1: Intelligence
Identify the problems/opportunities and then,
collect data or information
Phase2: Design
Analyze/develop the possible solutions for
the feasibility
GO back to stage 1 if there is insufficient
data.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Stages of Decision Making …
Phase 3: Choice
Choose one alternative
Go back to stage 1 or 2 if there are no
satisfactory solutions.
Phase 4: Implementation
Implement the selected alternative
Failure of implementation  go back to stage 1 or 2 or 3
Ex) Buying a new car
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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What do Decision Support Systems
Offer?
Quick computations at a lower cost.
Group collaboration and communication.
Increased productivity.
Ability to analyze multiple alternatives and
apply risk management.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Why DSS?? “Cognitive Limits”
The human mind has limited processing and
storage capabilities.
Any single person is therefore limited in their
decision making abilities.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Decision Support Framework
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Components of DSS
Data
Management
Model
Management
Knowledge
Management
User Interface
User
Other
Systems
DSS ArchitectureDr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Components of DSS
Subsystems:
Data management
Model management
User interface
Knowledge Management
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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First Component :Data Management
Components:
Database
 Interrelated data extracted from various sources, stored for use by the organization,
and queried.
Database management system
 Use for extracts data ,Manages data and their relationships, updates (add, delete,
edit, change), retrieves data (accesses it),queries and manipulates data.
Data directory
 Catalog of all data, Contains data definitions.
Query facility
 Is to Provides the basis for access to data. Accepts requests, checks for feasibility,
provides answers.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Second Component :Model Management
Components:
Model base
 Strategic models, Tactical models , Operational, Analytical.
Model base management system
 Model creation, Model updates, Model data manipulation, Catalog of models.
Modeling language
Model execution, integration, and command
processor
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Third Component :User Interface
A user interface covers all aspects of the
communications between a user and the DSS.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Fourth Component :Knowledge Management
Any true decision requires reasoning, which
requires information.
The knowledge base is where all of this
information is stored by the DSS.
Knowledge can just be raw information, or
rules, heuristics, constraints or previous
outcomes.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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DSS Hardware
De facto standard
Web server with DBMS:
Operates using browser
Data stored in variety of databases
Can be mainframe, server, workstation, or
PC
Any network type
Access for mobile devices
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Types of DSS
Model-driven
Data-driven
Data Mining
Communication-driven
Document-driven
Knowledge-drivenDr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Model-driven DSS
A model-driven DSS emphasizes access to and manipulation
of a statistical, financial, optimization, or simulation model.
Model-driven DSS use data and parameters provided by users
to assist decision makers in analyzing a situation; they are not
necessarily data intensive.
examples:
 A spread-sheet with formulas
 A statistical forecasting model
 An optimum routing model
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Data-driven (retrieving) DSS
A data-driven DSS or data-oriented DSS emphasizes access to
and manipulation of a time series of internal company data and,
sometimes, external data.
Simple file systems accessed by query and retrieval tools
provides the elementary level of functionality. Data warehouses
provide additional functionality. OLAP provides highest level of
functionality.
Examples:
 Accessing AMMIS data base for all maintenance Jan89-Jul94 for
CH124
 Accessing INTERPOL database for crimes by …….
 Accessing border patrol database for all incidents in Sector ...
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Data Mining
Main purpose is to provide decision support to
managers and business professionals through
knowledge discovery
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Communication-driven DSS
A communication-driven DSS use network
and comminication technologies to faciliate
collaboartion on decision making. It supports
more than one person working on a shared
task.
examples include integrated tools like
Microsoft's NetMeeting or Groove (Stanhope
2002), Vide conferencing.
It is related to group decision support systems.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Document-driven DSS
A document-driven DSS uses storage and
processing technologies to document retrieval
and analysis. It manages, retrieves and
manipulates unstructured information in a
variety of electronic formats.
Document database may include: Scanned
documents, hypertext documents, images,
sound and video.
A search engine is a primary tool associated
with document drivel DSS.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Knowledge-driven DSS
A knowledge-driven DSS provides
specialized problem solving expertise stored as
facts, rules, procedures, or in similar
structures. It suggest or recommend actions to
managers.
MYCIN: A rule based reasoning program which
help physicians diagnose blood disease.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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Thank You
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU

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References
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support
Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition,
Turban, Aronson, and Liang,
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent
Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ.
Dr.Hamdan Al-Sabri, CCIS-KSU