on plants and animals

1. SADAF RASHEED
HADIA AZHAR
UMM-E-FARWA

2. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
ANIMALS AND PLANTS

3. Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into the natural
environments that cause adverse
change.

4.  Air Pollution
 Water pollution
 Land Pollution
 Noise pollution

6.  Formation of the acid rain in the air
damages fish life in lakes and streams.
 Rays from ozone layer with excessive
ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun
may cause skin cancer in animals.
 Rays from ozone in the lower atmosphere
may destroy lung tissues of the animals.

8.  Fishes and aquatic organisms are poisoned
due to industrial chemicals and
agricultural pesticides.
 Polluted water retards the reproductive
efficiency of animals.
 Increased disease incidences
 Breakdown of food chain
 Disturbance of ecosystem

10.  Polluted soil may effect metabolism of
microorganism and arthropods which may
contain the primary food chain putting
negative impact on predator species.
 Insects may eat polluted soil which hits their
biodiversity .

12.  Noise can cause serious damage to wild life.
 Ways in which animals are adversely affected
by noise pollution include:
1. Hearing loss
2. Masking
3. Physiological effects
4. Behavioral effects
5. Ecological effects

13.  Masking:
Masking is the inability to hear important
environmental clues and animal signals.
 Physiological effects:
Such as increase in heart rate,
respiratory difficulties and stress.
 Behavioral effects:
Result in abandonment of territory and
loss of ability to reproduce.
 Ecological effects:
It leads to migration of animals which
disturbs the ecosystem.

16.  Pollution does not only affect animals and
humans, it has many negative effects on
plants as well.
 Some of these effects include
1. leaf damage,
2. slower growth,
3. root damage,
4. inability to photosynthesize properly

17.  Air pollution comes from many sources
such as the smoke stack in a factory, car
exhaust, or off gassing from paint or
producing plastic.
 The effects of air pollution on plants are
widely seen and damage all plants
including our food crops and trees.

18.  The chemicals responsible for the pollution
include carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides.
 Plants usually show damage in a variety of
ways, including
 visible signs of damage like necrotic lesions,
stunted plant growth,
 or changing in color including chlorosis,
reddening, bronzing, mottling.

19.  Ozone holes in the atmosphere also harm
plants.
 Holes in the upper atmosphere allow an
excess ultraviolet light to pass through the
atmosphere leading to plant damage.
 In the lower atmosphere, ozone damages
plants by preventing photosynthesis and
obstructing stomata, restricting respiration
and stunting plant growth.

21.  Water pollution happens in various ways such
as
1. sewage leakage,
2. industrial spills or
3. direct discharge into water bodies,
4. biological contamination,
5. from farm runoff.

22.  Acid rain is formed when water from the
atmosphere is combined with sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides suspended in the air.
 When this rain reaches earth’s surface, it
causes damage to the soil and plants. It
damages leaves and makes it harder for the
plant or tree to photosynthesize and
regulate the exchange of gasses.

24.  Land pollution comes from improper waste
disposal, from sources like oil spills, landfills,
pesticides, or illegal dumping.
 These chemicals seep into the soil and strip
the land from any nutritional content, and
fill the soil with chemicals or metals
that damage plant cells and keep plants
from obtaining nutrients and growing.

25.  Furthermore, plants can be poisoned by the
toxic substances stored in contaminated
soils.
 It also can change the plant metabolism and
reduce crop yields