ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. GROUP : RAW AGENT
MEMBERS
HANISH THARWANI
HARSHIT KEWAT
NIPUN BHARDWAJ

2. CONTENTS
AI Introduction
Languages
Application
overview

3. INTRODUCTIO
N
Artificial Intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a
robot, or a product to think how smart human think. AI is a
study of how human brain think, learn, decide and work,
when it tries to solve problems. And finally this study
outputs intelligent software systems . The aim of AI is to
improve computer functions which are related to human
knowledge, for example, reasoning, learning, and problem-

4. Are there limits to how
intelligent machines can
be?
Intelligence:
The capacity to learn and solve
problems
Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is
the intelligence of machines and robots
and the branch of computer science
that
aims to create it

5. Philosophy of artificial
intelligence
The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of
the philosophy of technology that explores artificial
intelligence and its implications for knowledge and
understanding
of intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology,
and free will. Furthermore, the technology is concerned
with the creation of artificial animals or artificial people (or,
at least, artificial creatures; see artificial life) so the
discipline is of considerable interest to philosophers. These
factors contributed to the emergence of the philosophy of
artificial intelligence. Some scholars argue that the AI
community's dismissal of philosophy is detrimental.

6. Philosophy of A.l
- Searle's strong Al hypothesis:
"The appropriately
programmed computer with
the right inputs & outputs
would thereby have a mind in
exactly the same sense
human beings have minds.“
- The artificial brain argument:
The brain can be simulated.
- Technologically feasible to
copy the brain directly into
hardware and software, and
that such a simulation will be
essentially identical to the
original.

7. The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began
in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of
artificial beings endowed with intelligence or
consciousness by master craftsmen. The seeds of
modern AI were planted by classical philosophers
who attempted to describe the process of human
thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols.
This work culminated in the invention of
the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a
machine based on the abstract essence of
mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas
behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin
seriously discussing the possibility of building an
electronic brain.
HISTORY OF A.I

8. How complicated is our brain?
- Neuron
- 10^12 neurons in a human brain
- many more synapses (10^14) connecting these
neurons
- cycle time: 10^3 seconds (1 millisecond)
How complex can we make
computers?
- 10^8 or more transistors per CPU
- supercomputer: hundreds of CPUs, 1012 bits of
RAM
- cycle times: order of 10 -^9 seconds
Conclusion
- YES
- Less interconnections (wires or synapses)
Can AI System Work As Efficient
As Human Brain?

9. Programming Without and With AI
The programming without and with AI is different in following ways −
Programming Without AI Programming With AI
A computer program without AI
can answer the specific questions it
is meant to solve.
A computer program with AI can
answer the generic questions it is
meant to solve.
Modification in the program leads
to change in its structure.
AI programs can absorb new
modifications by putting highly
independent pieces of information
together. Hence you can modify even a
minute piece of information of
program without affecting its
structure.
Modification is not quick and easy.
It may lead to affecting the
program adversely.
Quick and Easy program modification.

10. Goals of AI
•To Create Expert Systems − The systems which
exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain,
and advice its users.
•To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines −
Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and
behave like humans.

11. LANGUAGES
Artificial intelligence researchers have
developed several specialized programming
languages for artificial intelligence which
include IPL, Lisp, Prolog, STRIPS, Planner,
POP-11 etc.

12. John McCarthy invented LISP in 1958, shortly after
the development of FORTRAN. It was first
implemented by Steve Russell on an IBM 704
computer.
It is particularly suitable for Artificial Intelligence
programs, as it processes symbolic information
effectively.
Common Lisp originated, during the 1980s and
1990s, in an attempt to unify the work of several
implementation groups that were successors to
Maclisp, like ZetaLisp and NIL (New Implementation
of Lisp) etc.
It serves as a common language, which can be
easily extended for specific implementation.
Programs written in Common LISP do not depend on
machine-specific characteristics, such as word
length etc.
LISP

13. Prolog, which is short for programming logic, is a
programming language used in creating artificial
intelligence. Prolog is classified as a logic
programming language and relies on the user to
specify the rules and facts about a situation along
with the end goal, otherwise known as a query. After
the rules, facts, and goal are stated, the program will
then attempt to derive the solution by analyzing the
relationship between the three.
This is in contrast to traditional programming
languages, like C# and Visual Basic, which have a
program follow a sequence of commands dictated by
the user.
PROLOG

15. APPLICATION OF
A.I
-Natural Language
Understanding
-Expert Systems
-Planning and Robotics
-Machine Learning
- Game Playing

17. DRAWBACKS OF
A.I
-Limited Ability
-Slow Real Time
Response
-Can’t Handle
Emergency
Situation
-Difficult code
-High Cost

18. THANK
S