The document discusses the endocrine system and its role in regulating processes in the body. It notes there are two types of regulators - chemical and neural. The endocrine system uses hormones as chemical messengers to help maintain homeostasis. Some key endocrine glands discussed are the adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, and gonads. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that help prepare the body for fight or flight. The pancreas has a dual function, producing insulin to regulate blood sugar and glucagon. Disorders can result from too little or too much secretion of hormones from these glands.

1. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
DR. GURMINDER RAWAL

2. Bringing about
coordination among
various systems and
their action
Two types of
regulators: Chemical
and Neural
Proper timing and
sequencing
Reflex action: Neural
Storage of glucose:
Chemical(Insulin)
NEED FOR
REGULATION

3. Hormones
Homeostasis in body
Chemical messengers
State of balance

4. Characteristics of
hormones
Released in blood
No storage of
hormones occurs
excess excreted
from body
Targets away from
site of release
Released in
traces(Adrenaline)
is active at a
conc. of 1 part in
300,000,000
Hypersecretion
and
Hyposecretion of
hormones leads to
serious
consequences.
Hormone can be
proteins(Insulin),
amines (Adrenaline)
0r steroids derived
from
cholesterol(Testoster
one)
Regulate
physiological
processes

13. ENDOCRINE
GLANDS
➢ Adrenal
➢ Pancreas
➢ Thyroid
➢ Pituitary
➢ Parathyroid
➢ Thymus
➢ Gonads

14. ADRENAL GLANDS
➢ Adrenal glands (also known
as suprarenal glands), found above
the kidneys. They are
endocrine glands that produce a
variety of hormones.
➢ From outer part Cortex -Adrenaline
and Noradrenaline.
➢ From inner part Medulla- the steroids
aldosterone and cortisol.
➢ Adrenaline also known as Emergency
hormone preparing body for fight or
flight.

15. ADRENALINE

18. DISORDERS DUE TO ADRENALS MALFUNCTIONING
Hyposecretion- Addison Disease
Hypersecretion- Cushing’s Syndrome

19. PANCREAS- DUAL FUNCTION

20. Pancreas Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

22. HYPERGLYCEMIA - (Diabetes
mellitus)(Less secretion of Insulin)
- High blood sugar levels, frequent
urination, thirsty, loss of weight,
sometimes loss of vision.
HYPOGLYCEMIA
- Low blood sugar levels, hungry,
Sleepiness, irritability, blurred vision,
weakness, fatigue.

24. THYROID
Thyroxine
Calcitonin

25. Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism

26. Pituitary gland

27. Hormones from Pituitary Gland

28. Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone
2

29. Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone

30. Negative Feedback Mechanism of Hormone Secretion

31. Stay Safe,
Stay Happy
And Enjoy
Learning