1. Endocrinology
Hormones

2. Deals
 Endocrinology-deals with synthesis,
secretion and action of hormones
 Hormones are chemical messengers
 They co-ordinate the activities of different
cells.
 Our body has two major control systems
 Allow specialized tissues to function in an
integrated way i.e., Nervous system and
Endocrine system

3.  Nervous system depends on electro
chemical signals passing via specific
neuronal pathway
 Whereas in Endocrine system the
hormones are being released into the
circulation and acting at a distant site
different to that of secretion.
 Many hormones are now known to be
neuro transmitters

4.  In addition Hormones may act an
adjacent cells known as paracrine
 Some times back on the cells of origin
known as autocrine
 This specialized system associated with
congenital and acquired abnormalities
 Most of the of the endocrine disorders are
classified based on their hormonal excess
or deficiency

5.  Hormonal excess  Example
 Primary gland over  Adrenal tumor---
production increased cortisol
production---cushings
syndrome
 Secondary to over
production of tropic  Thyroid stimulating
substances antibody---Thyroxine
—Thyrotoxicosis
 Adrenal antibodies-
 Hormonal deficiency
adrenal failure—
 Pituitary gland failure Addisons Disease

6.  Secondary to lack of  Pituitary disease---
stimulation by tropic Loss of ACTH
hormone. secretion ---Cortisol
deficiency
 Target organ  Defective aldosterone
resistance Receptor—pseudo
Hypoaldsteronism

7.  According to WHO statistics death due to
endocrine Disorder is rare (1 to 5%)
However they are an important cause for
morbidity
 Modern method diagnosis have resulted
into early diagnosis and more effective
treatment

8. Hypothalamus And Pituitary Gland
 Pituitary gland is enclosed in the sella
turcica
 It is composed of 2 lobes 1) Anterior 2)
Posterior
 It is connected to the hypothalamus by
infundibular stalk Which has portal vessels
carrying blood from the median eminance
hypothalamus to the anterior lobe and
nerve fibers to the Posterior pituitary

9.  Anterior pituitary made up of 3 main types
of cells---chromophobe,Acidophilic and
basophilic
 It has seven hormones
 Four act on target endocrine glands
 Other three act on target tissue

10.  Functions of anterior pituitary hormone
 Growth----Growth hormone
 Thyroid activity----TSH
 Sexual activity-----LH
 Lactation----------Prolactin
 Adrenal gluco corticoidproduction---ACTH
 Skin pigmentation----ACTH &beeta
lipotrophin