Here its a technical report on (E-waste Management) ppt . and its a 28 pages professional level representation

1. By K. GOUTHAM RATHOD
19E31A0428
ECE 4-1
Oct.2022 - 28 slides

2.  What is electronic waste?
 Why is it a problem?
 What is being done about e-waste?
 Lead vs. Lead free

3.  American definition
◦ Anything with a PCB or slightly complicated electronic
components
 European
◦ Anything with a plug

4.  More than 4.6 million tons of electronic waste
(e-waste) was produced in the US in the year
2000 [Bhuie]
◦ EPA has it that we disposed of 2.4 million tons in
2012.
 In Europe, quantity of e-waste increases 3 to
5% a year [Bhuie]
◦ 3 times larger growth than other waste growth

5.  Electronics are becoming more and more a
part of everyday life
 Embedded systems are every place
◦ Microwaves, printers, key fobs, cars, appliances,
cell phones

6.  Electronics becoming disposable
 Cell phones
◦ Life span is about 1.5 years now
◦ 130 million are retired a year
◦ Over 500 million are stockpiled [Bhuie]
 Computers
◦ 20 million retired a year
◦ 240 million already stockpiled [Bhuie]
 Estimated that for every new cell phone or
computer one becomes obsolete [Bhuie]

7.  Hazardous materials found in electronics
◦ Examples: Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Nickel,
Zinc, Antimony, Lead
◦ Can cause damage to brain, lungs, and other
organs
◦ Lead especially toxic to developing children
[Jackson]

8.  Hazardous materials not only found in
electronic components
 Toxins are found in the plastics
◦ Brominated flame-retardants (BFR) added to
plastics to reduce chance of fire
◦ Damage to sexual development and growth
attributed to some BFRs

9.  Recycling programs
 Many programs try to refurbish and sell old
equipment
 Programs in place to mine precious metals
from old equipment

10.  Computer companies have started recycling
programs
◦ Some charge fee
◦ Some give customers rebates on new products
 Cell Phone recycling
◦ Largest programs are Verizon’s Hopeline and
Wireless Foundation’s Donate-a-Phone programs

11.  Cell phone rates of recycling appear to be at
15% in the US in 2009. [EPA]
◦ 5.3 billion cell phones to become waste in 2022
 PCs are 38% by EPA
◦ The estimated 16 billion pc/ phones possessed
worldwide will likely be discarded or stashed away
in 2022

12. Cost (US $) Cell Phone PC
Collection 6.00 23.50
Transportation 0.35 0.43
Sorting - 3.50
Dismantling 0.03 2.75
Refining 0.32 7.87
Disposal of
non-hazardous
0.01 0.83
Disposal of
hazardous
0.03 5.00
Bhuie, A. K., O. A. Ogunseitan, et al. (2004).

13.  High cost of labor for recycling
 Outsource to China
◦ Cheap labor
◦ Laws are less strict
 City of Guiyu: e-waste hub of world
◦ Drinking water has to be brought in [Johnston]
◦ Horrible working conditions [Grossman]
◦ Studies show problems in workers from recycling
[Grossman]

14. Natalie Behring, www.nataliebehring.com

15. Natalie Behring, www.nataliebehring.com

16. Natalie Behring, www.nataliebehring.com

17.  There is a lot of money to be had processing
electronic waste
 Chinese government trying to come up with
system
 Laws have been passed
 Electronics companies taking some
responsibility in making sure waste handled
properly [Johnston]

18.  Poor conditions not only overseas
 Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR) run
electronic waste processing in prisons
[Jackson]
◦ The Department of Justice’s Inspector General in
2010 found:
 Numerous violations of health, safety, and
environmental laws and regulations
 “Gross misconduct” by staff working for the Federal
Prison Industries, also known as UNICOR. [ETB]

19.  Some take old equipment and pass on to schools
and nonprofits
 Others mine for metals
◦ 30 to 50% circuit is made of metal [Grossman]
 950 e-waste processors in North America
◦ 400 to 500 in the United States [Grossman]
 700 million dollar industry in 2003 [Grossman]
 Estimated that by 2010 the industry will have $3.5
billion dollars in revenue [Grossman]

20.  Two directives have been passed
◦ Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
◦ Restrictions of the Use of Certain Hazardous
Substances (RoHS)
 Move responsibility of end of life impact to
producer (“producer responsibility”) [Tetra
Tech]

21.  Producers responsible for collection, treatment,
and disposal of e-waste [Tetra Tech]
 Logos must be placed on products alerting
customers not to throw away in normal trash
[Tetra Tech]
 Provide list of materials in products to recyclers
[Tetra Tech]

22.  The name is fitting
 Restricts:
◦ Lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, cadmium,
and some brominated flame retardants [Tetra Tech]
◦ If there is no alternative you can use the above
 Every 4 years review to see if you can stop using
restricted substance [Grossman]

23.  Has a large impact on electronics
 Lead is used in practically everything
 Getting rid of lead clearly makes end of life
better
 Yet some environmentalists are opposed to
lead ban

24.  SnAgCu is common replacement to SnPb
 US EPA finds that SnAgCu has greater
environmental impact on:
◦ Non-renewable resources
◦ Energy use
◦ Water Quality
◦ Ozone depletion
◦ Global Warming
 Per 1000 cc of solder, lead free uses an
energy equivalent of 162 gallons more of
gasoline [United States EPA]

25.  Increased environmental impact comes
from material and process related issues
[United States EPA; Mueller]
 Metals used are more costly to extract
[Mueller]
 Melting point is higher which results in
more energy use [Mueller]
 Tin based solders form whiskers [Mueller]

26.  Improvements cannot be made to impact of
lead at end of life
 Processes used to produce and use lead free
solder could be improved
 Forcing lead free could force companies to
come up with recycling friendly designs to
reduce cost

27.  Electronics are becoming more and more of
part of everyday life
 New legislature is forcing electronic industry
to pay attention to environmental impact
 It is unsure if such laws are beneficial