Kutch Basin Sequence Stratigraphy. Kutch is an east-west oriented pericratonic basin comprising of rocks ranging from Mesozoic to Cenozoic. Kutch Basin experienced various phases of marine Transgression and Regression throughout its Geological History. for More Information email at ravgou39@gmail.com

1. DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED GEOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DR. HARISINGH GOUR VISHWAVIDYALAYA (A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)
PRESENTATION ON: STRATIGRAPHY OF KUTCH WITH REFERNCE TO
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY
PROF S.H. ADIL GOURAV RAJAK
M.Tech 2nd Sem
2021-22

2. Contents
 Kutch Basin.
 Stratigraphic Classification
 Mesozoic Stratigraphy
 Cenozoic Stratigraphy
 Bibliography

3. KUTCH BASIN
• East-west oriented Pericartonic rift basin in western India.
• Evolution related to breaking up of eastern Gondwanaland from western
Gondwanaland in the Late Triassic / Early Jurassic (Norton and Scalter, 1979).
•Kutch Rift suited between the subsurface Nagar Parkar Unlift (NPU) in the north,
Radhanpur-Barmer arch in the east and Kathiawar Uplift in the south.

4. STRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION
The exposed Phanerozoic succession the of Kutch basin comprises :
• A Mesozoic Sedimentary sequence ranging in age from the Middle Jurassic to
Lower Cretaceous, rich in ammonoid fauna.
• A Volcanic Sequence of bedded basalt of Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene
transitional times.
• A Cenozoic Sequence ranging in age from Palaeocene - Lower Eocene to Mio-
Pliocene characterized by dominance of foraminifera fauna

5. MESOZOIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
• It includes three first-order sequences that are punctuated by two SBs
and three MFSs in the Mesozoic.
• The first first-order SB is between the Precambrian basement and the
interpreted Late Permian
• The second first-order SB is between the subsurface non-marine Nirona
Formation of the Ladinian–Pliensbachian
• The third first-order SB is interpreted between the Ghuneri and Ukra units
• The terminal first-order SB is placed near the close of the Madh
Formation of early Paleocene
• Among the three first-order MFSs, the first coincides with the origin of the
rift basin.
• The second first-order MFS is the most important of all the mega-
sequence MFSs/SBs and is placed at 159 MY age.
• Third, the youngest as also the last first-order MFS has been difficult to
single out.

6. MESOZOIC OF KUTCH
SB3
SB1
SB2
SB4
First-order sequence
First-order sequence
First-order sequence

7. AGE STAGE FORMATION MEMBER FOSSILS LITHOLOGY
DECCAN TRAP
U. JURASSIC
TO
L. CREATCEOUS
TITHONIAN
TO
ALBIAN
UMIA
(1000 mts)
BHUJ BEDS Palmoxylan, Ptylophyllum White, pale-brown
and variegated
sandstones with
subordinate
ferruginous, hard,
black or brown grit
and a few thin
bands of shale
with remains of
cephalopods,
brachiopods and
plants
SANDSTONE AND SHALE
UKRA BEDS Australiceras, Colombiceras
UMIA BEDS
BARREN SST AND SHALE Unfossiliferous
TRIGONIA BEDS Trigonia
BARREN SANDSTONE Unfossiliferous
UMIA AMMONITE BED Virgosphinctes, Umiatites
U. JURASSIC
KIMMERIDGIAN
TO
TITHONIAN
KATROL
(750 mts)
UPPER KATROL SHALE Sandstones and
shales with
abundant remains
of cephalopods
and some plant
fossils
GAJANSAR BEDS Phylloceras, Hildoglochiceras
UPPER KATROL SANDSTONE Unfossiliferous
MIDDLE KATROL SANDSTONE Katroliceras
LOWER KATROL SHALE Waagenia
KANTHKOT SANDSTONE Epimayaites
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UNCONFORMITY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
M. JURASSIC
CALLOVIAN
TO
MIDDLE
OXFORDIAN
CHARI
(360 mts)
DHOSA OOLITE Mayaites Sandy limestones,
marls, calcareous,
gypseous and
sandy shales and
oolitic limestones
and contains
fossils of molluscs
and brachiopods
ATHLETA BED Peltoceras athleta
ANCEPS BED Perisphinctes anceps
REHMANNI BED Reineckeia rehmanni
MACROCEPHALUS BED Macrocephalites
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UNCONFORMITY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
M. JURASSIC
BATHONIAN
TO
CALLOVIAN
PATCHAM
(300 mts)
PATCHAM CORAL BED Stylina, Sivajiceras Limestones with
some sandstones
and shales and
richly fossiliferous
(bivalves,
cephalopods,
corals are
common)
PATCHAM SHELLY LIMESTONE Trigonia
PATCHAM BASAL BED
(KUAR BET BEDS)
Corbula Lyrata
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UNCONFORMITY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PRECAMBRIAN BASEMENT (NOT EXPOSED)
Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Kutch (Source Vaidhyanadhan & Ramakrishnan 2010)

8. PATCHAM FORMATION
• Lithology:- It is made up of principally of limestones, coral
beds and shales.
• Fossils : macrophalites, montlivalites, trigonia, etc.
• Age:- Middle Jurassic (Bathonion to Callovian).
PATCHAM FORMATION
Sub divisions Beds Leading Fossils
L. Callovian Patcham coral bed Macrocephalites,
Sivajiceras, Procerites,
Thamnastrea, Stylina,
Montlivaltia
L Callovain to Bathonian
Patcham shell
limestone
Macrocephalites,
Trigonia, Corbula
Patcam basal beds
(Kuar Bet Beds)
Corbula, Eomiodon,
Trigonia, etc.

9. • Four 3rd order transgressive-regressive cycles (RST-I, II, III, IV & TST- II, III,) bounded by
three regressive surfaces (MRSI, II and III).
•Each of these system tracts shows the presence of particular ichnoassemblages that
distinguish them.
Patcham Formation comprising of four 3rd order sequence within. The Green Line( ) separates the 3rd order
sequences.

10. CHARI FORMATION
• Lithology:- sandy limestones, calcareous, gypseous and sandy shales,
marls and oolitic limestones.
• Fossils:- Tramelliceras, mayaites, peltoceras, orionoides, belemnites,
etc.
• Age:- Middle Jurassic (M. Callovian to Up. Oxfordian).
CHARI FORMATION
Sub- divisions Beds Leading Fossils
Upper to Lower Oxfordian
Dhosa oollte (green and brown oolites)
(Transversarium zone)
Tramelliceras, Discosphlncte,
Perisphinctes, Mayaites, Eplmayaites,
Paracenoceras, Peltoceratoides
U. Callovian Athleta beds (marls and gypseous
shales)
Pettoceras, Orionoides
M.Callovlan Anceps beds (marls and gypseous
shales)
Perisphincites, lndosphinct, Reineckeia,
Kinkeliniceras, Hubertoceras
M.Callovlan
Rehmanni beds (yellow limestone) Reineckeia, Sivajiceras, Idiocycloceras,
Kellaways
M.Callovlan
Macrocephalus beds (shales with
calcareous bands, golden oolite-
diadematus zone in the upper part)
Macrocephalites, Dolichocephalites
Indocephalites, Kamptoce,
PleurocephalItes, Belemn.

11. Transgression and Regressions in Chari Formation.
•The Dhosa oolite, at the top of the Oxfordian,
is a marker horizon and represents deposition
in a warm, supersaturated, shallow Marine
setting, separating the transgressive (TST)
shales below from the thick highstand (HST)
sandstones and laminated shales above.
• The Dhosa oolite is therefore considered
maximum flooding surface (MFS).

12. KATROL FORMATION
•Lithology:- Shales ,limestones, sandstones and grits.
•Fossils:- Haploceras, sreblites, phyloceras, waagenia, trigonia, etc.
•Age:- Middle Jurassic (Kimmeridgian to Tithonion).
•Marine Regression took place during the period this period.
KATROL FORMATION
Sub- Divisions Beds Leading Fossils
M. Tithonian Up. Katrol shales Hidoqlochiceras, Dorsoplanites, Haploceras
M. Tithonlan Gajansar beds Belemnopsis, Streblites, Phyloceras,
Hidoglochiceras
L Tithonlan Upper Katrol (barren) sandstone Aulacosphinctoldes, irgatosphinctes
M. Kimmendgian Middle Katrol (red sandstone) Waagenia, Katroliceras, Panchyshinctes, Aspidoceras
M. Kimmeridgian Lower Katrol (sandstones, shales marls) Torquatlsphinctes, Aspidoceras,
Ptychophylloceras, Taramelliceras ,Streblites,
Waagenia, Hybnoticeras
U. Oxfordian Kanthkot sandstone(Bimammantum zone) Epimayaites, Prograyiceras, Ataxioceras, Biplices,
Prosophinctes, Torquantisphinctes, Trigonia

13. Sequence Stratigraphy of Katrol Formation
•Katrol Formation begins with Kanthkot
bed deposited over MFS.
•Represent HST.
•Consist of 3 second order Sequences.
•Marine Regression of 1st order took
place.
•Depositional Environment is Intertidal
to Shallow Inner shelf
3 second order sequences are
bounded by Green lines( )

14. UMIA FORMATION
• Lithology:- white, pale-brown, sometimes variegated sandstones with
subordinate ferruginous, hard, black or brown grit and a few thin bands of
shale.
• Fossils:- Colombiceras, topaeum, trigonia,australiceras, etc.
• Age:- Middle Jurassic (U. Tithonian to Aptian ).
UMIA FORMATION
Sub- Divisions Beds Leading Fossils
Post- Aptian
Bhuj beds (Umia Plant beds) Sandstones and
shales
Palmoxylan in upper beds Ptylophyllum
flora, similar to Jabalpur flora in lower beds
Aptian
Ukra beds-Marine calcareous shales Australliceras, Colombiceras Cheloniceras,
Topaeum etc
U. Neocomian
Umia beds Barren sandstones and shales Unfossiliferous
Valanginian
Trigonia beds, Barren sandstones Trigonia
Unfossiliferous
U. Tithonian
Umia ammonite bed Virgo tosphinctes, Micracon thoceras,
Ptychophylloceras, Hemilytoceras,
Umiatites, etc.

15. Sequence Stratigraphy of Umia Formation
Cretaceous Of Kutch consist of total 12
second Order Sequences.
•Early Creatceous -7 Second Order Seq
•Late Creatceous- 5 Second Order Seq
Marine Regression Started at Middle
Turonion
3 second order sequences are bounded by
Green lines( )

16. CENOZOIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY

17. MATANMADH FORMATION
• Lithology:- comprises alternations of green shale and red shale in the lower part,
calcareous mudstone and limestone in the middle and ripple laminated sandstone
at the top.
• Age:- Paleocene.
Matanmadh Formation is bounded by 2 Second order sequence C II 10 and C II 20.
• C II 10 coincides with Upper Boundary Of Deccan Trap.
• C II 20 is Upper Limit of Matanmadh formation.
• Fluvial facies above the basalt are attributed to a lowstand systems tract (LST),
followed by transgressive (TST) and highstand (HST) backshore and shallow-water
sedimentary rocks.
Deccan Trap

18. NAREDI FORMATION
• Lithology:- Shales ,limestones, sandstones and grits.
• Age:- Lower Eocene (Ypressian).
• Naredi Formation is bounded by 2 Second order sequence C II 20 and C II 30 .
• C II 20 is Upper Limit of Matanmodh formation.

19. FULRA LIMESTONE AND HARUDI FM
Fulra Limestone Harudi Fm
Lithology Foraminiferal Limestone Shale and Lignite
Fossils Discocyclina dispansa,
D. augustae
Truncorotaloides rohri
Age Late Middle Eocene Late Middle Eocene

20. MANIYARA FORT
• Lithology:- shale, claystone, sandstone and limestone.
• Fossils:- Nephrolepidina, Corals, Eulepidina.
• MFS is represented by abundance of Nummulites fichteli
• TST is represented by Alveolina sp.
• Age:- Oligocene
• Bounded by C III 30 and C III 40 comprising of TST sequences of 3rd order

21. KHARI NADI AND CHHASRA FORMATION
Khari Nadi Formation Chhasra Formation
Lithology Siltstone, Claystone and
Sandstone
Claystone and Siltstone
Fossil Miogypsina,Turritella, Ostrea Turritella, murex, conus
Age Lower Miocene Lower Miocene
SANDHAN FORMATION
Lithology:- sandstone overlain by fossiliferous limestone
Age:- Mid to Upp Miocene

22. CENOZOIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY

23. Conclusion
•Kutch is a pericratonic rift basin.
•Affected by various phases and cycles of Marine Transgression and
Regression From Mesozoic to Cenozoic.
•Successions from Mesozoic to Cenozoic are developed.

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• R Vaidhyanadhan and M Ramakrishnan(2010), Geology of India, Vol 2, Geological
Society Of India
• Krishna Jai (2017), The Indian Mesozoic Chronicle, Springer , Pg No 148,158, 212,
249, 254.
• Kumar Ravindra(2005), Fundamentals Of Historical Geology and Stratigraphy Of
India, New Age International (p) Limited Publishers.
• Geological evolution of Kachchh: an epitome of successive Phanerozoic Events A. B.
Roy, Alokesh Chatterjee and N. K. Chauhan
• Biswas S. K, Tertiary Stratigraphy Of Kutch.
• Biswas S. K., Tectonic Framework(2016), Structure and Tectonic Evolution of Kutch
Basin, Western India,GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA No.6, 2016, pp.129-150

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