2. CORAL BLEACHING
Coral reefs- bright colors with algae –zooxanthelle
Losses –symbiotic algae –appears white
During photosynthesis –algae make oxygen-to remove wastes
Coral under stress-expel its zooxanthellae-bleached
CORAL STRESSORS
Rising water temperature
Pollution
Natural disaster
Coral mining etc….
3. PROJECTS TO SURVEY AND PROTECT CORALS
MPAs – The Marine Protected Areas
The place –people are prohibited or resisted/use resources
NCRI- National Coral Reef Institute
CRCP- Coral Reef Conservation Program
NOAA- National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration
4. Remote sensing using aerial images-corals
sea surface temperature (SST)
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) - airborne surveys
Help environment mapping process -coral ecosystem
Monitoring plays - bleaching assessment
Survey technique in conditions of calm waters,
Low winds and minimal sun glint, to produce
multispectral and bathymetric data on shallow-water
coral reefs
5. PLATFORMS AND SENSORS
NIMBUS-7 Satellite first sensor/satellite 1978
CZCS- Coastal zone Color Scanner –
monitoring the Earths ocean/water bodies
Sensor – observe color,temperature,coastal
zones
CZCS SENSOR consist – six spectral bands in
visible ,near-IR,and thermal portions
Spatial resolution of 825m at nadir over a
1566km swath width
6. MOS - Marine Observation Satellite (MOS-1)
Launched by Japan in February, 1987
satellites carry three different sensors: a four-
channel Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning
Radiometer (MESSR), a four-channel Visible
and Thermal Infrared Radiometer (VTIR), and a
two-channel Microwave Scanning Radiometer
(MSR), in the microwave portion of the
spectrum
Sensor Wavelength Ranges
(µm)
Spatial Resolution Swath Width
MESSR 0.51 - 0.59 50 m 100 km
0.61 - 0.69 50 m 100 km
0.72 - 0.80 50 m 100 km
0.80 - 1.10 50 m 100 km
7. SeaWiFS
SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of View Sensor)
SeaStar spacecraft - advanced sensor designed for ocean monitoring
Eight spectral bands of very narrow wavelength ranges
Monitoring - ocean primary production and phytoplankton processes, ocean
influences on climate processes (heat storage and aerosol formation)
Orbit altitude is 705 km with a local equatorial crossing time of 12 PM
A higher resolution mode of 1.1 km (at nadir) over a swath of 2800 km, and a lower
resolution mode of 4.5 km (at nadir) over a swath of 1500 km
8. IMPACTS OF CORAL BLEACHING
Bleaching leaves corals vulnerable to disease
Stunts their growth, affects their reproduction
Impact other species that depend on the coral
communities
Coral Bleaching’s Impact on Wildlife
Coral Bleaching’s Impact on Humans
Source of income.
