solar installation

1. HYBRID SYSTEMS

2. Figure 4.31: Example solar-diesel mini-grid layout for Bamiyan, Afghanistan –
Courtesy: Robert Foster, 2015

3. Why hybrid?

4.  Loads: The RE plant should be able to generate
installed capacity to meet loads most of the time the
starting load can be small to reduce installation costs
and then scale up as the load grows;
 Variable costs reduction: Significant reduction of
fossil fuel consumption;
 GHG emissions reduction: Fulfillment of greenhouse
gas obligations

5.  Scalability: RE penetration rate can be scaled up as
needed and system can be scaled at all levels (DC,
high voltage, etc.);
 Energy independence: RE resources are available
on site and no synchronization is required;

6. Mini Grid adoption
 The most important criteria for mini-grid adoption
are:
 Reliability,
 Durability
 Cost effectiveness:

7. Sources of Energy
 SOLAR POWER
 WIND POWER
 HYDRO POWER
 BIOMASS

8. SOLAR MINI-GRIDS
 Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power
systems that combine solar power from a
photovoltaic system with another power generating
energy source

12. DIESEL MINI-GRID

13. HYDRO MINI-GRID

14. WIND MINI-GRID

15. MINI-GRID SYSTEM
CONFIGURATIONS
 Mini-grid can have three basic configuration.
 AC coupled system
 DC coupled system
 Hybrid system (with both)

16. DC coupled system

17. DC mini-grids: Advantages / Disadvantages

18. AC mini-grid with AC coupled system

19. AC mini-grids: Advantages / Disadvantages
 Advantages of AC coupling
 Long distance distribution of 3 phase AC electricity into
villages
 Compatible to public grid
 Easy to expand to 100kWp and 1MWp
 High reliability due to modular & redundant system design
 High efficiency during daytime use
 Disadvantages of AC coupling
 Conversion losses of up to 15%

20. SYSTEM CONTROL
 A hybrid mini-grid configuration increases system
complexity and requires a sophisticated control
strategy, which may have to integrate a variety of
generator sources such as wind, solar, diesel, micro-
hydro, or biomass generators into a DC- and/or AC-
coupled grid.

21.  SAFETY ISSUES
 Mini-grid must meet national electrical codes;
 Must stop supplying power to grid during power outages
and disturbances (e.g. over/under frequency, over-under
voltage, or phase imbalance).

22. video
SMA hybrid mini-grid system
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GlIRl8BHXo

23. Commercial use

24. PV array : generates electric power
Charge controller: regulates amount
of electrical energy charged into
battery
Battery: storage of electrical energy
DC consumer of electrical energy
AC consumer of electrical energy via
inverter
Stand alone
system

25. PV Array
Dc device
Inverter
DC
AC
Stand alone system
Charge
controller
Battery

26. Direct coupled
stand alone system
PV
Controller
Pump

27. Hybrid
system
PV
+
wind