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1
vfB ;'/IffM ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s kIfx¿
od'gf 3n]1
k[i7e"ld
“vfB” afFRgsf] nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] . vfgf ljgf hLjg lhpg c;Dej 5 . t;y{
cflbdsfnb]lv dfgj hfltn] vfgfsf] hf]xf] ug]{ ljljw pkfox¿ cjnDjg ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 .
vfgfsf >f]tx¿ h+unL cj:yfdf kfOg] tyf v]tL u/L kl/dflh{t :j?kdf klg pkof]u x'b} uPsf]
kfOG5 . xfnsf] ljZjJofkL kl/k|]Iodf vfB pTkfbg ;Da4 k|lqmof / pkhnfO{ ;d]t Jofkfl/s
k|of]hgsf] Ps ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf JofVof / k|of]u ul/b} uPsf] kfOG5 . t;y{ ca “vfB” / o;;Fu
;Da4 k|lqmofnfO{ ;fF3'/f] bfo/fdf dfq l;ldt g/fvL km/flsnf] bfo/fleq a'emg], ljZn]if0f ug]{ /
cfufdL af6f]x¿ to ug]{ cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 .
;}4flGts kIf
vfB ;'/Iff af/]df ax; ubf{ o;leq cGt/lglxt cjwf/0ffx¿ / o;sf k[i7e"ldnfO{ s]nfpg
h?/L 5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf k|wfgtM tLg k|sf/sf cjwf/0ffx¿ :yflkt 5g . tL
cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ ;+lIfKt /mkdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
vfB clwsf/–dfgj clwsf/
“vfgf” ljgf hLjg c;Dej 5 . t;y{ vfB clwsf/nfO{ lgzt{ dfgj clwsf/ dflgG5 . tyflk
;g !($! Dff cd]l/sL /fi6««klt 8f]gfN8 ?he]N6n] rf/ k|sf/sf clwsf/x¿ “Four Feedom
Speech” nfO{ rfxgfaf6 d'lQm (Freedom from Want) sf] vfsf leq /fv]/ ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .
rf/ :jtGqtfdf jfs :jtGqtf, wfld{s :jtGqtf, rfxgfaf6 d'lQm / eoaf6 d'lQm lyP .
o;dWo] rfxgfaf6 d'lQm cGtu{t oL kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] kfOG5 .
hghLljsfsf nflu kof{Kt :t/sf Go"gtd uFf;, skf; / af;sf] ;'lglZrt x'g' k|To]s JolQmsf]
dfgj clwsf/leq JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 .
To;kZrft, bf]>f] ljZj o'4sf] Jofks c;/nfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ vfB ;'/IffnfO{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf
:yflkt clwsf/sf] vfsfdf Nofpg] k|of; ePsf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;g !($* df k|ltkflbt
ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f @% df uFf;, af; / skf;nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 cGtu{t ;g !(^^ l8;]Da/ !^ df cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cg'aGwnfO{ &! ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] kfl/t u/] . o;n] ;d]6]sf ljleGg
ljifox¿dWo] wf/f !! n] k|To]s JolQm / p;sf] kl/jf/n]] k|ofKt ?kdf uFf;, af; / skf;sf]
1
vfB ;'/Iff tyf s[lif gLlt ljZn]ifs
2
;'lglZrtf / hghLljsfdf ;'wf/ x'g kfpg' p;sf] clwsf/ xf] . o;sf nflu /fHon] pko'Qm
sbd rfNg' kb{5 elgPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ljljw ;d"xsf nflu vfB clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{'kg]{ k[ys cj:yf / sf/0fx¿ x'g]
ePsfn] ljz]if cg'aGwx¿ klg :yflkt 5g . pbfx/0fsf nflu @) gf]e]Da/ !(*( df :yflkt
afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL cg'aGwsf] wf/f @$ cGtu{t :j:Yo /xg' tyf kf]lifnf] vfgf vfg kfpg]
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .
vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gn] vfB clwsf/ ;DaGwL P]lR5s dfu{lgb]{zg tof/ u/]sf] 5, h'g ;b:o
tyf cGo /fi6«x¿n] sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg pkof]uL ;Gbe{sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; b:tfj]hn] vfB
clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg, kl/k"lt{ / ;+/If0f ug'{kg{] elg vfsf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
vfB ;'/Iff
vfB ;'/Iffsf] ljZjJofkL rf;f] bf]>f] ljZoo'4 kl5 ha/b:t d'4fsf] ?kdf cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 .
tyflk ;do–;dodf cfO{k/]sf ljljw dfgj–l;lh{t tyf k|fs[lts ljkbsf sf/0f l;lh{t
36gfS|mdn] o; d'4fnfO{ cem k]lrnf] agfpb} nu]sf] kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;g !($# df
ljZj vfB dxfd]nfdf cfly{s ;'/Iffsf bfo/fleq /x]/ vfB ;'/Iffsf] ax; u/]sf] kfOG5 .
To;}u/L ;g !(&!–&@ df ePsf] ljZjJofkL vfB ;+s6, clk|msf dxfb]zdf !(*$–*% df ePsf]
ef]sd/L / c;Lsf] bzskl5 gj–pbf/jfbL gLltsf sf/0f ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Structural
Adjustment Programs-SAP) / ;Tj :yflkt (Intellectual Property Rights) ug]{ k|lqmofdfkm{t vfB
;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf k|efj kfb}{ nu]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{, vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn cem hl6n aGb} uPsf]
5 .
;g !((^ df vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf] kxndf ;DkGg ljZj vfB ;Dd]ngn] vfB ;'/IffnfO{
kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 –
“;j} dflg;n], ;a} ;dodf ef}lts tyf cfly{s ?kn] kof{Kt ;'/lIft tyf kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfdfly
kxF'r u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] ef]hgsf] cfjZostf / /f]hfO{sf] vfgf kl/k"lt{ eO{ ;an / :j:y hLjg
hLpg ;s'g .Æ
o; kl/efiffnfO{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :yflkt dfGotfsf ?kdf lnOG5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf ljz]iftM
kfFrj6f cfofdx¿nfO{ lng] ul/G5 – pknAwtf, kxF'r, qmozlQm, pkof]lutf / :yfloTj .
t/ o; cjwf/0ffsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] vfB ;'/Iff x'gsf nflu cfkm}n] pTkfbg u/]/, cfoft
u/]/ jf cfsl:ds kl/l:yltdf vfB cg'bfg lnP/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
vfB ;Dk|e'Qf
o;/L vfB ;'/Iff / vfBdflysf] clwsf/sf ax;sf qmddf ljz]iftM pTkfbg ;DaGwdf cfPsf]
km]/abn, pTkfbgsf >f]tx¿ / k|lqmofdf gfkmfd"ns sDkgLx¿sf] a9bf] xfjL, ;fgf tyf
l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿sf] a9bf] hf]lvd, jftfj/0fLo Åf; / k/lge{/tfsf sf/0f ljz]iftM s[lif
3
cy{tGqdf cfwfl/t b]zx¿, h}ljs ljljwtf / df}lns 1fg l;ksf cfwf/ alnof] ePsf b]zx¿ /
kof{j/0fLoo"Qm lbuf] ljsf; rfxg] ;d"x÷ju{x¿n] gj–pbf/jfbL lgtLsf sf/0f cfpg ;Sg]
/fli6«o ;fj{ef}ldstfdflysf] r'gf}tLsf] ljsNksf ?kdf lnPsf 5g . nf leof SofDk]l;gf (La Via
Campesina) elgg] ljZjJofkL ?kdf ;+ul7t ;fgf tyf u|fdL0f s[ifsx¿sf] ;+hfnn] ;g !((^
sf] ljZj vfB ;Dd]ngdf leof SofDk]l;gfn] hf/L u/]sf] cfkmgf] d'vkq (Position Paper) ævfB
;Dk|e'tfM ef]sd/L/lxt eljio” (Food Sovereignty A future without Hunger) df o:tf] pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 M
“vfB ;Dk|e'tf eg]sf] k|To]s /fi6«n] cfkmgf] nflu cfjZos cfwf/e"t vfB pTkfbg, ;+:s[lt /
pTkfbgzLn ljljwtfsf] hu]gf{ ub{} cfkmgf] IfdtfnfO{ sfod tyf ljsf; ub}{ hfg kfpg' p;sf]
clwsf/ xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] xfd|f] cfkmgf] e"efuleq cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] vfB pTkfbg ug{ kfpg'
kb{5 . t;y{ vfB ;Dk|e'Qf vfB ;'/Iffsf] oyfy{ k"j{zt{ xf] .Æ
o;}ul/ ;g @))& df k|ltkfbg u/]sf] kl/efiff o;k|sf/ 5 M
ædflg;x¿sf] ;'b[9, kof{j/0fLo ?kn] ;'b[9 / lbuf] k|lqmofdfkm{t :j:y / ;+:s[lthGo vfgf
pTkfbg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ xf] / cfkmgf] vfB / s[lif k|0ffnLsf kl/eflift ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ xf]
.Æ
t;y{ vfB ;Dk|e'Qftkm{ pGd'v x'g' eg]sf] :jflwg vfB k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{' xf] .
vfB ;Dk|e"Qfsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx¿ o:fk|sf/ 5g .
!_ vfB Mcfwf/e"t clwsf/
@_ u|fdL0f ;'wf/ (Agrarian Reform)
#_ k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f
$_ vfB Jofkf/sf] k'gu{7g (Reorganising Food Trade)
%_ ef]sd/Lsf] ljZjJoflks/0fsf] cGTo
^_ ;fdflhs zflGt
&_ k|hftflGqs lgoGq0f
o;/L xfnsf] a9bf] gj–pbf/jfbL k|lqmofn] vfB tyf s[lifsf] ;du| If]qnfO{ ufFh]sf] 5, h;nfO{
tn ;lrq k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
4
gj–pbf/jfbL pTkfbg
tyf ahf/ k|s[of
pTkfbgsf] >f]tdflysf]
clwsf/ dflysf]
lgoGq0f
pTkfbg tyf ahf/
k|s[of;Fu ;+a4
1fg÷l;k dflysf]
lgoGq0f
vfB tyf s[lif;+u
;+j4 zlQm ;+ro /
lgoGq0f
o;k|sf/ ljleGg cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ a'emgsf lglDt tn ;+If]kLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
5
cGo s]xL b]zsf pbfx/0fx¿
a|flhn
ef/t
ef/tsf] æ/fli6«o vfB ;'/Iff P]g, @)!#Æ n] dfgj hLjgrqmsf nflu cfjZos vfB tyf kf]]if0f
;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu kof{Kt / u'0f:t/Lo vfB ;a}n] lsGg ;Sg] u/L pknAw u/fO{
dof{lbt hLjg hLpg ;s"g eGg] pb]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ljleGg vfnsf nlIft
sfo{qmdx¿ / ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
s]Gof
s]Gofsf] æ/fli6«o vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff gLlt @)!!Æ n] ;j} s]Go]gx¿sf] ;jf]{td :t/sf]
:jf:Yosf nflu ;w}el/ u'0f:tl/o / cfjZos kl/df0fdf vfB pknAwtf / kx"Fr tyf hf]lvddf
/x]sf hgtfnfO{ gjLg k¢lt tyf cfly{s lx;fjn] nfu" x'g ;Sg] ldtJooL sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ug]{
p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . oL pb]Zox¿ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf nflu cjnDjg ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿ ;d;fdlos
tj/n] kl/dflh{t ub{} bL3{sflng ljsf;;Fu ;+of]hg ub{} nfg] k|lta¢tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 .
6
o;sf] ;fy} dfgj hLjgrqm cGtu{t ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf JolQmx¿, ljz]if cj:yfsf JolQmx¿,
ljleGg k|sf/sf lakb / hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d"xsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
/fli6«o kl/j]z
g]kfn /fi6« kIfw/ ePsf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cg'aGw÷b:tfj]hx¿
s|=;= dxTjk"0f{ cg'aGw÷b:tfj]hx¿ x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ldlt
! ljZjJofkL dfgjclwsf/ 3f]if0ffkq,!($*
@ afn clwsf/ cle;lGw, !(*( !$ ;]K6]Da/, !(()
# cfly{s,;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL
cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw, !(^^
!$ d] !((!
$ gfu/Ls tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o
cg'aGw, !(^^
!$ d] !((!
% dlxnf la?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj lj?4sf]
dxf;lGw, !(&(
@@ clk|n, !((!
^ h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw, !((@ !% ;]K6]Da/ !((#
& ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, !((% @# clk|n, @))$
* vfB tyf s[lif ;DaGwL jfg:klts cfg'jf+lzs >f]t
;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o ;lGw,
@ hgj/L, @))&
( cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g, !^( @@ cui6 @))&
pTkfbgsf >f]t / zlQm ;DaGwM ;dfj]zL clwsf/sf] ckl/xfo{tf
vfB ;'/Iff, vfBdflysf] clwsf/ / vfB ;Dk|e'tf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu pTkfbgsf >f]t /
zlQm ;DaGwsf] dxTj / ;dfj]zL clwsf/sf] ckl/xfo{tfaf/] k|i6ofpgsf nflu s]xL b[i6fGtx¿
tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
b[i6fGt !M cf]ofd uf=lj=;=, kfFry/ lhNnfsf] Ps blnt kl/jf/ afnL3/] k|yfdf s[lif cf}hf/
agfpFy], h;af6 cfpg] cfDbfgLn] p;sf] kfFrhgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg sl7g lyof] . pQm
kl/jf/sf] a'emfO{df o;/L ;]jf k|bfossf] ?kdf /xg' pgLx¿sf] efUo / st{Jo xf] eGg]df k'0f{
ljZj:t x'g p;nfO{ ;fdflhs k|lqmofn] l;sfPsf] ePtf klg pgLx¿df cfkm" klg e"ldsf]
7
dflns x'g kfP ;dfhdf cfkmgf] 5lj cs{} x'g] cfzf k|z:t} lyof] . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg]
pgLx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfg e"ld;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
b[i6fGt @M xl/x/k'/ uf=lj=;=, wg'iff lhNnfsf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tLdf a:g] ljz]iftM d';x/ hfltx¿
pQm 7fpFdf a;]sf] w]/} k':tf eO;Sof] t/ pQm e"ldsf] :jfldTj slt hgfdf ;l/;Sof],
pgLx¿nfO{ yfx 5}g . t/ Pp6f qf; eg] ;bf sfod 5, s'ga]nf sf] cfP/ a:tL p7fpg] xf]
. o;eGbf klg rsf]{ ;d:of eg]sf] pgLx¿n] cfkm'nfO{ g]kfnL xf}F eg]/ cfTd;Ddfgsf ;fy
a:g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg . t;y{ e"ldsf] ;jfn eg]sf] JolQmut klxrfg / cfwf/e't
cfjZostfdf kx'Fr k'/ofpgsf nflu cTofjZos >f]t xf] .
b[i6fGt #M g]kfnnfO{ s[lifk|wfg b]z elgPtf klg s[ifssf] k|i6 kl/efiff 5}g . t/ e"ldsf] :jfldTj
k'?ifdf /xg] k|rngsf sf/0f s[ifs eGgfn] k'?ifnfO{ hgfpFb5 . @)^@ ;fndf ag]sf]
æla?jfsf] gofF hftsf] k|hgs tyf s[ifssf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf]
ljw]osÆ n] klxnf]k6s s[ifsnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5M æsfg'gL JolQmafx]s cfkmgf]
hUufdf cfkm} v]tL ug]{ jf csf{sf] hUufdf v]tL ug]{ jf cfkmgf] hUufdf dhb'/L nufO{ v]tL
ug]{ / h+unL jf k/Dk/fut hft jf k|hfltsf lj?jfnfO{ JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;+/If0f
ug]{ JolQm elg ;Demg'k5{Æ . t/ klg dlxnf, cflbaf;L hghftL / blntnfO{ k'0f{ ?kdf
l:jsf/ u/]sf] tyf ;f]xL cg'?ksf] lglt lgod aGg] kl/kf6L al;;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ o:tf
l;dflGts[t ju{sf] e"ldclwsf/ :yflkt ug'{ eg]sf] s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf of]ubfg
k'/ofpg' xf] .
b[i6fGt $M s[lifdf clwsf+++++++++++z ;do latfpg] dlxnfsf] e"lddf :jfldTj eg] clt Go'g 5 . s'n
hldgsf] sl/a !( k|ltzt / s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] sl/a !% k|ltztdfq hldgdf dlxnfsf]
:jfldTj x'g'n] pgLx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ gePsf] dfq geO{ dlxnfnfO{ sdhf]/ / cfl>t
ju{sf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ yk sbd dfq xf] . ljz]iftM crn ;Dkltdf xs gePs} sf/0f
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f klg a9bf] 5 . t;y{ e"lddf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / ;jfn eg]sf] Pp6f
dlxnfdfq geO{ pgLx¿;Fu cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] eljio ;'lglZrt ug'{ klg xf] .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ -;g @)!%_ df pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx¿
efu #, df}lns xs / st{Jo cGtu{t wf/f #^ vfB ;DjGwL xsdf lgDg s'/fx? lglZrt ul/Psf]
5 M
!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .
@_ k|To]s gfful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]vLddf kg{] cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs
x'g]5 .
#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'Qfsf] xs x'g]5 .
8
o;}ul/, efu $ /fHosf lgb]{zs l;¢fGt gLlt tyf bfloTj ª_ s[lif / e"ld ;'wf/ ;DaGwL
gLltdf lgDg s'/fx? ug]{ k|lta4tf ul/Psf] 5,
!_ e"lddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTj cGTo ub}{ ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL a}1flgs e"ld;'wf/
ug]{,
@_ cg'kl:yt e"–:jfldTjnfO{ lg¿T;flxt ub}{ hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[l¢
ug]{,
#_ ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub}{{ s[lifsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg e"pkof]u
gLltsf] cjnDag u/L e"ldsf] Joj:yfkg / s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f,
ljljwLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{,
$_ e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLntf, k|s[lt tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng ;d]tsf cfwf/df lgodg /
Joj:yfkg ub}{ To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{{ ,
%_ s[ifssf nflu s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No / ahf/df kxF'rsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
cfufdL] af6f]
/fli6«o d'¢fnfO{ ;jf{]k/L lxtdf x'g] u/L /fhg}lts k|lta¢tf sfod ug]{ .
;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o tyf :yflgo :t/sf sfo{s|dx¿nfO{ ;dtfd"ns clwsf/sf] vfsfleq /x]/ sfo{s|d
th{'df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
g]kfn kIfw/ /fi6« ePsf ;lGw÷cle;lGw÷cg'aGw÷b:tfa]h h:t} ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, afn
clwsf/ cle;lGw, cfly{s,;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw cflb
;Fu tfbDo ldnfpg ul/Psf k|lta¢tfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug]{{] .
tTsflng cfjZostf ;Djf]wg / bL3{sflng cfjZostfnfO{ ;d'lrt tl/sfn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ .
pTkfbg If]q / cGo ;]jfIf]qnfO{ Psfk;df ;Dj¢ u/fO{ o;af6 ax'–cfoflds cfjZostf
kl/k"lt{ ug]{ .
ljz]if kl/l:ylt / cfjZostfdf /x]sf AoQmL tyf hf]lvdo"Qm cj:yfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{sf nflu
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{s|dnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
ax';/f]sf/jfnf kfq÷;+hfnnfO{ k|efjsf/Ltf, lj1tf / If]qut k|ltlwlgTj x'g] u/L ;sf/fTds
of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfgsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{] .
9
vfB ;'/Iff k|To]s JolQm, 3/ / ;d'bfo :t/df ;'lglZrt ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq /fi6«nfO{ vfB
;'/lIft dfGg ;lsG5 . t;y{ vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ljs]lGb|t tyf
lgIf]lkt tj/n] of]hgf th{'df, sfo{fGjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ Joa:yfsf] ;'lglZrt ug{] .
/fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx¿ h:t} s[lif ljsfz /0fgLlt, s[lif gLlt, s[lif Joj;fo k|j{¢g gLlt,
jLpljhgsf nflu /fli6«o b[li6sf]0f, s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf gLlt, k|sf]k kZrftsf] cfjZostf
klxrfg k|ltj]bg, /fli6«o ;+/If0f gLlt cflbdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ cGo
cGt/;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx¿;Fu tfnd]n ldnfP/ ;du|tfdf glthf lgsfNg] vfnsf
sfo{s|d nfu" ug]{ .

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Food Security-Yamuna for NSC

  • 1. 1 vfB ;'/IffM ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s kIfx¿ od'gf 3n]1 k[i7e"ld “vfB” afFRgsf] nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] . vfgf ljgf hLjg lhpg c;Dej 5 . t;y{ cflbdsfnb]lv dfgj hfltn] vfgfsf] hf]xf] ug]{ ljljw pkfox¿ cjnDjg ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . vfgfsf >f]tx¿ h+unL cj:yfdf kfOg] tyf v]tL u/L kl/dflh{t :j?kdf klg pkof]u x'b} uPsf] kfOG5 . xfnsf] ljZjJofkL kl/k|]Iodf vfB pTkfbg ;Da4 k|lqmof / pkhnfO{ ;d]t Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf] Ps ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf JofVof / k|of]u ul/b} uPsf] kfOG5 . t;y{ ca “vfB” / o;;Fu ;Da4 k|lqmofnfO{ ;fF3'/f] bfo/fdf dfq l;ldt g/fvL km/flsnf] bfo/fleq a'emg], ljZn]if0f ug]{ / cfufdL af6f]x¿ to ug]{ cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . ;}4flGts kIf vfB ;'/Iff af/]df ax; ubf{ o;leq cGt/lglxt cjwf/0ffx¿ / o;sf k[i7e"ldnfO{ s]nfpg h?/L 5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf k|wfgtM tLg k|sf/sf cjwf/0ffx¿ :yflkt 5g . tL cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ ;+lIfKt /mkdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . vfB clwsf/–dfgj clwsf/ “vfgf” ljgf hLjg c;Dej 5 . t;y{ vfB clwsf/nfO{ lgzt{ dfgj clwsf/ dflgG5 . tyflk ;g !($! Dff cd]l/sL /fi6««klt 8f]gfN8 ?he]N6n] rf/ k|sf/sf clwsf/x¿ “Four Feedom Speech” nfO{ rfxgfaf6 d'lQm (Freedom from Want) sf] vfsf leq /fv]/ ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . rf/ :jtGqtfdf jfs :jtGqtf, wfld{s :jtGqtf, rfxgfaf6 d'lQm / eoaf6 d'lQm lyP . o;dWo] rfxgfaf6 d'lQm cGtu{t oL kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] kfOG5 . hghLljsfsf nflu kof{Kt :t/sf Go"gtd uFf;, skf; / af;sf] ;'lglZrt x'g' k|To]s JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/leq JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;kZrft, bf]>f] ljZj o'4sf] Jofks c;/nfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ vfB ;'/IffnfO{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :yflkt clwsf/sf] vfsfdf Nofpg] k|of; ePsf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;g !($* df k|ltkflbt ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f @% df uFf;, af; / skf;nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 cGtu{t ;g !(^^ l8;]Da/ !^ df cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cg'aGwnfO{ &! ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] kfl/t u/] . o;n] ;d]6]sf ljleGg ljifox¿dWo] wf/f !! n] k|To]s JolQm / p;sf] kl/jf/n]] k|ofKt ?kdf uFf;, af; / skf;sf] 1 vfB ;'/Iff tyf s[lif gLlt ljZn]ifs
  • 2. 2 ;'lglZrtf / hghLljsfdf ;'wf/ x'g kfpg' p;sf] clwsf/ xf] . o;sf nflu /fHon] pko'Qm sbd rfNg' kb{5 elgPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ljljw ;d"xsf nflu vfB clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{'kg]{ k[ys cj:yf / sf/0fx¿ x'g] ePsfn] ljz]if cg'aGwx¿ klg :yflkt 5g . pbfx/0fsf nflu @) gf]e]Da/ !(*( df :yflkt afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL cg'aGwsf] wf/f @$ cGtu{t :j:Yo /xg' tyf kf]lifnf] vfgf vfg kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gn] vfB clwsf/ ;DaGwL P]lR5s dfu{lgb]{zg tof/ u/]sf] 5, h'g ;b:o tyf cGo /fi6«x¿n] sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg pkof]uL ;Gbe{sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; b:tfj]hn] vfB clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg, kl/k"lt{ / ;+/If0f ug'{kg{] elg vfsf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . vfB ;'/Iff vfB ;'/Iffsf] ljZjJofkL rf;f] bf]>f] ljZoo'4 kl5 ha/b:t d'4fsf] ?kdf cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . tyflk ;do–;dodf cfO{k/]sf ljljw dfgj–l;lh{t tyf k|fs[lts ljkbsf sf/0f l;lh{t 36gfS|mdn] o; d'4fnfO{ cem k]lrnf] agfpb} nu]sf] kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;g !($# df ljZj vfB dxfd]nfdf cfly{s ;'/Iffsf bfo/fleq /x]/ vfB ;'/Iffsf] ax; u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L ;g !(&!–&@ df ePsf] ljZjJofkL vfB ;+s6, clk|msf dxfb]zdf !(*$–*% df ePsf] ef]sd/L / c;Lsf] bzskl5 gj–pbf/jfbL gLltsf sf/0f ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Structural Adjustment Programs-SAP) / ;Tj :yflkt (Intellectual Property Rights) ug]{ k|lqmofdfkm{t vfB ;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf k|efj kfb}{ nu]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{, vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn cem hl6n aGb} uPsf] 5 . ;g !((^ df vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf] kxndf ;DkGg ljZj vfB ;Dd]ngn] vfB ;'/IffnfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 – “;j} dflg;n], ;a} ;dodf ef}lts tyf cfly{s ?kn] kof{Kt ;'/lIft tyf kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfdfly kxF'r u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] ef]hgsf] cfjZostf / /f]hfO{sf] vfgf kl/k"lt{ eO{ ;an / :j:y hLjg hLpg ;s'g .Æ o; kl/efiffnfO{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :yflkt dfGotfsf ?kdf lnOG5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf ljz]iftM kfFrj6f cfofdx¿nfO{ lng] ul/G5 – pknAwtf, kxF'r, qmozlQm, pkof]lutf / :yfloTj . t/ o; cjwf/0ffsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] vfB ;'/Iff x'gsf nflu cfkm}n] pTkfbg u/]/, cfoft u/]/ jf cfsl:ds kl/l:yltdf vfB cg'bfg lnP/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 . vfB ;Dk|e'Qf o;/L vfB ;'/Iff / vfBdflysf] clwsf/sf ax;sf qmddf ljz]iftM pTkfbg ;DaGwdf cfPsf] km]/abn, pTkfbgsf >f]tx¿ / k|lqmofdf gfkmfd"ns sDkgLx¿sf] a9bf] xfjL, ;fgf tyf l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿sf] a9bf] hf]lvd, jftfj/0fLo Åf; / k/lge{/tfsf sf/0f ljz]iftM s[lif
  • 3. 3 cy{tGqdf cfwfl/t b]zx¿, h}ljs ljljwtf / df}lns 1fg l;ksf cfwf/ alnof] ePsf b]zx¿ / kof{j/0fLoo"Qm lbuf] ljsf; rfxg] ;d"x÷ju{x¿n] gj–pbf/jfbL lgtLsf sf/0f cfpg ;Sg] /fli6«o ;fj{ef}ldstfdflysf] r'gf}tLsf] ljsNksf ?kdf lnPsf 5g . nf leof SofDk]l;gf (La Via Campesina) elgg] ljZjJofkL ?kdf ;+ul7t ;fgf tyf u|fdL0f s[ifsx¿sf] ;+hfnn] ;g !((^ sf] ljZj vfB ;Dd]ngdf leof SofDk]l;gfn] hf/L u/]sf] cfkmgf] d'vkq (Position Paper) ævfB ;Dk|e'tfM ef]sd/L/lxt eljio” (Food Sovereignty A future without Hunger) df o:tf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M “vfB ;Dk|e'tf eg]sf] k|To]s /fi6«n] cfkmgf] nflu cfjZos cfwf/e"t vfB pTkfbg, ;+:s[lt / pTkfbgzLn ljljwtfsf] hu]gf{ ub{} cfkmgf] IfdtfnfO{ sfod tyf ljsf; ub}{ hfg kfpg' p;sf] clwsf/ xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] xfd|f] cfkmgf] e"efuleq cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] vfB pTkfbg ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . t;y{ vfB ;Dk|e'Qf vfB ;'/Iffsf] oyfy{ k"j{zt{ xf] .Æ o;}ul/ ;g @))& df k|ltkfbg u/]sf] kl/efiff o;k|sf/ 5 M ædflg;x¿sf] ;'b[9, kof{j/0fLo ?kn] ;'b[9 / lbuf] k|lqmofdfkm{t :j:y / ;+:s[lthGo vfgf pTkfbg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ xf] / cfkmgf] vfB / s[lif k|0ffnLsf kl/eflift ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ xf] .Æ t;y{ vfB ;Dk|e'Qftkm{ pGd'v x'g' eg]sf] :jflwg vfB k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{' xf] . vfB ;Dk|e"Qfsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx¿ o:fk|sf/ 5g . !_ vfB Mcfwf/e"t clwsf/ @_ u|fdL0f ;'wf/ (Agrarian Reform) #_ k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f $_ vfB Jofkf/sf] k'gu{7g (Reorganising Food Trade) %_ ef]sd/Lsf] ljZjJoflks/0fsf] cGTo ^_ ;fdflhs zflGt &_ k|hftflGqs lgoGq0f o;/L xfnsf] a9bf] gj–pbf/jfbL k|lqmofn] vfB tyf s[lifsf] ;du| If]qnfO{ ufFh]sf] 5, h;nfO{ tn ;lrq k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
  • 4. 4 gj–pbf/jfbL pTkfbg tyf ahf/ k|s[of pTkfbgsf] >f]tdflysf] clwsf/ dflysf] lgoGq0f pTkfbg tyf ahf/ k|s[of;Fu ;+a4 1fg÷l;k dflysf] lgoGq0f vfB tyf s[lif;+u ;+j4 zlQm ;+ro / lgoGq0f o;k|sf/ ljleGg cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ a'emgsf lglDt tn ;+If]kLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
  • 5. 5 cGo s]xL b]zsf pbfx/0fx¿ a|flhn ef/t ef/tsf] æ/fli6«o vfB ;'/Iff P]g, @)!#Æ n] dfgj hLjgrqmsf nflu cfjZos vfB tyf kf]]if0f ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu kof{Kt / u'0f:t/Lo vfB ;a}n] lsGg ;Sg] u/L pknAw u/fO{ dof{lbt hLjg hLpg ;s"g eGg] pb]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ljleGg vfnsf nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ / ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . s]Gof s]Gofsf] æ/fli6«o vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff gLlt @)!!Æ n] ;j} s]Go]gx¿sf] ;jf]{td :t/sf] :jf:Yosf nflu ;w}el/ u'0f:tl/o / cfjZos kl/df0fdf vfB pknAwtf / kx"Fr tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf hgtfnfO{ gjLg k¢lt tyf cfly{s lx;fjn] nfu" x'g ;Sg] ldtJooL sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . oL pb]Zox¿ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf nflu cjnDjg ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿ ;d;fdlos tj/n] kl/dflh{t ub{} bL3{sflng ljsf;;Fu ;+of]hg ub{} nfg] k|lta¢tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 .
  • 6. 6 o;sf] ;fy} dfgj hLjgrqm cGtu{t ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf JolQmx¿, ljz]if cj:yfsf JolQmx¿, ljleGg k|sf/sf lakb / hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d"xsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fli6«o kl/j]z g]kfn /fi6« kIfw/ ePsf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cg'aGw÷b:tfj]hx¿ s|=;= dxTjk"0f{ cg'aGw÷b:tfj]hx¿ x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ldlt ! ljZjJofkL dfgjclwsf/ 3f]if0ffkq,!($* @ afn clwsf/ cle;lGw, !(*( !$ ;]K6]Da/, !(() # cfly{s,;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw, !(^^ !$ d] !((! $ gfu/Ls tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw, !(^^ !$ d] !((! % dlxnf la?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj lj?4sf] dxf;lGw, !(&( @@ clk|n, !((! ^ h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw, !((@ !% ;]K6]Da/ !((# & ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, !((% @# clk|n, @))$ * vfB tyf s[lif ;DaGwL jfg:klts cfg'jf+lzs >f]t ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o ;lGw, @ hgj/L, @))& ( cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g, !^( @@ cui6 @))& pTkfbgsf >f]t / zlQm ;DaGwM ;dfj]zL clwsf/sf] ckl/xfo{tf vfB ;'/Iff, vfBdflysf] clwsf/ / vfB ;Dk|e'tf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu pTkfbgsf >f]t / zlQm ;DaGwsf] dxTj / ;dfj]zL clwsf/sf] ckl/xfo{tfaf/] k|i6ofpgsf nflu s]xL b[i6fGtx¿ tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . b[i6fGt !M cf]ofd uf=lj=;=, kfFry/ lhNnfsf] Ps blnt kl/jf/ afnL3/] k|yfdf s[lif cf}hf/ agfpFy], h;af6 cfpg] cfDbfgLn] p;sf] kfFrhgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg sl7g lyof] . pQm kl/jf/sf] a'emfO{df o;/L ;]jf k|bfossf] ?kdf /xg' pgLx¿sf] efUo / st{Jo xf] eGg]df k'0f{ ljZj:t x'g p;nfO{ ;fdflhs k|lqmofn] l;sfPsf] ePtf klg pgLx¿df cfkm" klg e"ldsf]
  • 7. 7 dflns x'g kfP ;dfhdf cfkmgf] 5lj cs{} x'g] cfzf k|z:t} lyof] . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] pgLx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfg e"ld;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . b[i6fGt @M xl/x/k'/ uf=lj=;=, wg'iff lhNnfsf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tLdf a:g] ljz]iftM d';x/ hfltx¿ pQm 7fpFdf a;]sf] w]/} k':tf eO;Sof] t/ pQm e"ldsf] :jfldTj slt hgfdf ;l/;Sof], pgLx¿nfO{ yfx 5}g . t/ Pp6f qf; eg] ;bf sfod 5, s'ga]nf sf] cfP/ a:tL p7fpg] xf] . o;eGbf klg rsf]{ ;d:of eg]sf] pgLx¿n] cfkm'nfO{ g]kfnL xf}F eg]/ cfTd;Ddfgsf ;fy a:g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg . t;y{ e"ldsf] ;jfn eg]sf] JolQmut klxrfg / cfwf/e't cfjZostfdf kx'Fr k'/ofpgsf nflu cTofjZos >f]t xf] . b[i6fGt #M g]kfnnfO{ s[lifk|wfg b]z elgPtf klg s[ifssf] k|i6 kl/efiff 5}g . t/ e"ldsf] :jfldTj k'?ifdf /xg] k|rngsf sf/0f s[ifs eGgfn] k'?ifnfO{ hgfpFb5 . @)^@ ;fndf ag]sf] æla?jfsf] gofF hftsf] k|hgs tyf s[ifssf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljw]osÆ n] klxnf]k6s s[ifsnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5M æsfg'gL JolQmafx]s cfkmgf] hUufdf cfkm} v]tL ug]{ jf csf{sf] hUufdf v]tL ug]{ jf cfkmgf] hUufdf dhb'/L nufO{ v]tL ug]{ / h+unL jf k/Dk/fut hft jf k|hfltsf lj?jfnfO{ JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;+/If0f ug]{ JolQm elg ;Demg'k5{Æ . t/ klg dlxnf, cflbaf;L hghftL / blntnfO{ k'0f{ ?kdf l:jsf/ u/]sf] tyf ;f]xL cg'?ksf] lglt lgod aGg] kl/kf6L al;;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ o:tf l;dflGts[t ju{sf] e"ldclwsf/ :yflkt ug'{ eg]sf] s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf of]ubfg k'/ofpg' xf] . b[i6fGt $M s[lifdf clwsf+++++++++++z ;do latfpg] dlxnfsf] e"lddf :jfldTj eg] clt Go'g 5 . s'n hldgsf] sl/a !( k|ltzt / s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] sl/a !% k|ltztdfq hldgdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj x'g'n] pgLx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ gePsf] dfq geO{ dlxnfnfO{ sdhf]/ / cfl>t ju{sf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ yk sbd dfq xf] . ljz]iftM crn ;Dkltdf xs gePs} sf/0f dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f klg a9bf] 5 . t;y{ e"lddf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / ;jfn eg]sf] Pp6f dlxnfdfq geO{ pgLx¿;Fu cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] eljio ;'lglZrt ug'{ klg xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ -;g @)!%_ df pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx¿ efu #, df}lns xs / st{Jo cGtu{t wf/f #^ vfB ;DjGwL xsdf lgDg s'/fx? lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 M !_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 . @_ k|To]s gfful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]vLddf kg{] cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g]5 . #_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'Qfsf] xs x'g]5 .
  • 8. 8 o;}ul/, efu $ /fHosf lgb]{zs l;¢fGt gLlt tyf bfloTj ª_ s[lif / e"ld ;'wf/ ;DaGwL gLltdf lgDg s'/fx? ug]{ k|lta4tf ul/Psf] 5, !_ e"lddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTj cGTo ub}{ ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL a}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ug]{, @_ cg'kl:yt e"–:jfldTjnfO{ lg¿T;flxt ub}{ hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[l¢ ug]{, #_ ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub}{{ s[lifsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg e"pkof]u gLltsf] cjnDag u/L e"ldsf] Joj:yfkg / s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, ljljwLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{, $_ e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLntf, k|s[lt tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng ;d]tsf cfwf/df lgodg / Joj:yfkg ub}{ To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{{ , %_ s[ifssf nflu s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No / ahf/df kxF'rsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . cfufdL] af6f] /fli6«o d'¢fnfO{ ;jf{]k/L lxtdf x'g] u/L /fhg}lts k|lta¢tf sfod ug]{ . ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o tyf :yflgo :t/sf sfo{s|dx¿nfO{ ;dtfd"ns clwsf/sf] vfsfleq /x]/ sfo{s|d th{'df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / kl/dfh{g ug]{ . g]kfn kIfw/ /fi6« ePsf ;lGw÷cle;lGw÷cg'aGw÷b:tfa]h h:t} ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, afn clwsf/ cle;lGw, cfly{s,;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw cflb ;Fu tfbDo ldnfpg ul/Psf k|lta¢tfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug]{{] . tTsflng cfjZostf ;Djf]wg / bL3{sflng cfjZostfnfO{ ;d'lrt tl/sfn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ . pTkfbg If]q / cGo ;]jfIf]qnfO{ Psfk;df ;Dj¢ u/fO{ o;af6 ax'–cfoflds cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ . ljz]if kl/l:ylt / cfjZostfdf /x]sf AoQmL tyf hf]lvdo"Qm cj:yfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{s|dnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] . ax';/f]sf/jfnf kfq÷;+hfnnfO{ k|efjsf/Ltf, lj1tf / If]qut k|ltlwlgTj x'g] u/L ;sf/fTds of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfgsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{] .
  • 9. 9 vfB ;'/Iff k|To]s JolQm, 3/ / ;d'bfo :t/df ;'lglZrt ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq /fi6«nfO{ vfB ;'/lIft dfGg ;lsG5 . t;y{ vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ljs]lGb|t tyf lgIf]lkt tj/n] of]hgf th{'df, sfo{fGjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ Joa:yfsf] ;'lglZrt ug{] . /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx¿ h:t} s[lif ljsfz /0fgLlt, s[lif gLlt, s[lif Joj;fo k|j{¢g gLlt, jLpljhgsf nflu /fli6«o b[li6sf]0f, s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf gLlt, k|sf]k kZrftsf] cfjZostf klxrfg k|ltj]bg, /fli6«o ;+/If0f gLlt cflbdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ cGo cGt/;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx¿;Fu tfnd]n ldnfP/ ;du|tfdf glthf lgsfNg] vfnsf sfo{s|d nfu" ug]{ .