Unit 2: Landforms (Part2)

1. 4. Landforms
• Study the
landforms with
your flashcards

3. Crust and Oceanic Relief

5. Crust and Oceanic Relief
• Continental Crust: is the part of the crust that forms the
continents (including the coastal areas called continental shelves).
• Continental Shelf: is the part of the continental crust that is under
the sea.
• Continental Slope: sharp decline that connects the continental
crust and the oceanic crust.
• Oceanic Crust: is the part of the crust that is under the sea.
• Abyssal Plain: it is an undersea plain. It is between 3000 and 5000
metres of depth.
• Mid-ocean ridge: it is an undersea mountain range. (The average
elevation is 2000-3000 metres).
• Oceanic trench: it is a long depression under the sea. Here the
oceanic crust goes under the continental crust.

6. • Glacier: accumulation of ice in cold regions. It can be accumulated
in a region like the poles or it can move very slowly through a
valley.
• Mountain: is an area of land higher than the surrounding land.
• Plain: is a flat area with an altitude under 200 m.
• Plateau: is a flat area with an altitude over 200 m.
• Valley: is a low area between hills usually with a river running
through it.
Landforms

7. Coastal landforms
• Inlet: is an entrance of the sea into the coastline. E.g. gulf, bay,
estuary, fjord…
• Outlet: is a projection of the coast into the sea. E.g. cape, delta,
headland…
• Gulf: is when the sea enters into the coastline forming an
enclosed area of sea.
• Cape: is a piece of land that projects into the sea.
• Island: is an area of land completely surrounded by water.
• Isthmus: section of land that connects two larger areas.
• Peninsula: is an area of land surrounded by water on all sides
except one.

8. River and types of mouths
• River: is a continuous current of water.
Types of mouths
• Fjord: is a valley of a glacier that is inundated by the sea.
It has steep sides or cliffs.
• Ria: is a valley of a river that is inundated by the sea.
• Delta: Accumulation of sediments at the mouth of a
river.
• Estuary: mouth of a river where the sea enters into the
river.

9. Fjords (in Norway)

11. Ría de Ortigueira

12. Delta of Nile river

13. Delta of Ebro river

14. Estuary of Tagus river