This document discusses the importance of establishing a systematic safety management system. It outlines several key elements that should be refined, including developing a safety policy, performing risk management and hazard identification, implementing incident management procedures, providing safety training, and establishing documentation and audit processes. Implementing an occupational health and safety management system based on the OHSAS 18001 standard can help organizations improve safety performance through a systematic, proactive approach focused on hazard prevention and risk control.

1. Why Safety is Important
• Minimize risks to passengers, the public, staff and contractors
• Meet customers and stakeholders expectations
• Business continuity and sustainable development
• Enhanced control
• Improved working environment
• Establish a responsible image within the marketplace

2.  Continual improvement by adopting Plan-Do-
Check-Act model
 Proactive measures of performance that
monitor conformance with the programmes
and effectiveness of control measures
 Risk Management - support safety-decision
making and prioritize resources to manage all
safety risks according to the risk levels
through the “hazard identification” and “risk
assessment” processes
 A recognizable safety management system
standard with certification (Occupational
Health & Safety Assessment Series 18001)
 Compliance
 Reactive measures of performance that
monitor industrial accidents
 Qualitative risk assessment for job
hazard analysis
 Factories & Industrial Undertakings
(Safety Management) Regulations
governed by Labour Dept.
Current Practices Towards a Systematic Approach
1 The Needs for a More Systematic Approach to
Manage Safety

3. General Practices Safety Management System
Detect faults Minimize errors
Reactive Monitoring Proactive Monitoring
Fire fighting & Systematic approach
legal compliance and continual improvement
Safety Management Practices

4. 3
Observations
1) Safety Management System (SMS)
- SMS shall be established to demonstrate sound safety
performance by controlling safety risks
2) Safety Policy
- The scope should demonstrate to secure
commitment and continual improvement in
achieving a high level of safety performance.
3) Risk Management
- Risk Matrix should be established in risk evaluation (i.e. risk
ranking in R1 – R4 as a result of combination of the “likelihood”
of an occurrence of a hazardous event and the “consequence” of
injury that can be caused by the event) such that all safety risks
can be assessed

5. Observations
4) Accident Investigation
- Incident organization, including roles and responsibilities
and reporting system needs to be more clearly
defined to manage major accidents
- Data base for root causes analysis needs to be
established and further refined
- Lesson learnt after the result of investigation
should be incorporated into training materials
and shared with frontline
5) Safety Training
- Managerial and supervisory staff should receive training on
safety management to enhance their safety awareness
• Safety Management System
• Accident Investigation (human factors and root causes analysis)
• Safety Auditing

6. Observations
6) Performance Monitoring and Measurement
- Consideration should be given to establish proactive KPIs
7) Follow-up Action (Safety Committees, Accident
Investigations & Safety Audits/Safety Inspections)
- Outstanding log should be in place, including responsible
parties, actions to be taken, timeframe etc. to demonstrate all
follow-up actions are properly closed-out

7. Observations
8) Industrial Accident Investigation
- Adequacy and suitability of recommended actions
need to be reviewed before implementation
- Job Hazard Analysis and local procedures/work
instructions should be reviewed after occurrence
of the accidents
- Lesson learnt after the result of investigation
should be shared with frontline
9) Safety Inspection
- Effectiveness of follow-up actions arising from industrial
accidents should be checked during scheduled safety inspection
- Lesson learnt after the result of safety inspection should be
shared with frontline

8. Safety Management System - OHSAS 18001
Standard
Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)
• First published in 1999 and revised in 2007
• OHSAS 18001 now refers to itself as a standard, not a specification,
or document, as in the earlier edition
• It provides a comprehensive framework to improve the
overall safety performance
• Designed to be applicable to all types and sizes of
companies
• Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Approach
• Auditable management system and accreditation by
certification bodies
• Compatible with ISO 9001 QMS and ISO 14001 EMS

9. Safety
Management
System - OHSAS
18001 Model Safety & Health Policy
Continual improvement
Implementation (Do)
and Operation
• Resources, roles, responsibility,
accountability and authority
• Competence, training and awareness
• Communication, participation and
consultation
• Documentation
• Control of documents
• Operational control
• Emergency preparedness and
response
Planning (Plan)
• Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining
controls
• Legal and other requirements
• Objectives & programme(s)
Checking (Check &
Act)
• Performance measurement and
monitoring
• Evaluation of compliance
• Incidents investigation,
nonconformity, corrective action
and preventive action
• Control of records
• Internal audit
Management Review
• Internal audit results,
objectives, legal compliance
• Results of participation and consultation
• Communications (e.g. complaints)
• Incident Investigations, corrective
and preventive actions
• Safety performance

10. What Should We do to Improve Safety
Performance
• Start from the Heart
• Think with Head
(Say what you do)
• Walk the talk
(Do what you say)

11. A Systematic Approach to Safety Requires the
Refinement of the Following Elements
SMS (based
on OHSAS
18001)
Safety Policy
KPIs and
Programmes
Risk
Management
Incident
Management
Safety
Management
Training
Documentation
Audit and
Management
Review

12. Safety Management System - OHSAS
18001:2007 Requirements
OH&S Policy (clause 4.2)
• demonstrate the formal commitment to prevention of injury
and ill health and continual improvement in OH&S management
and performance;
• demonstrate the formal commitment to at least comply with
applicable legal and other requirements;
• provide the framework for setting and reviewing
OH&S objectives;
• communicate to all staff;
• available to interested parties; and
• review the OH&S policy periodically to ensure that it
remains relevant and appropriate to the organization.

13. OHSAS 18001:2007 Requirements
Hazard identification, risk assessment and
determining controls (clause 4.3.1)
• develop a methodology to identify OH&S hazards
and assess organization’s risks; and
• establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the
ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment and determination
of necessary controls.

14. Risk Management - Support Safety-decision
Making and Prioritize Resources

15. Risk cannot be justified save in
extraordinary circumstances
(Intolerable)
Tolerable if cost of reduction would
exceed the improvement gained
(Tolerable)
Necessary to maintain assurance
that risk remains at this level (Negligible)
Tolerable only if risk reduction is
impractical or it its cost is grossly
disproportionate to the improvement
gained (Undesirable) Size of risk Cost/Time
in mitigating risk
High Risk
Low Risk
Indices
ALARP Region
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
R1
R3
R4
R2
Definitions Risk
3.1 Briefing: Risk Management System Review
As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
Principle

16.  Sustained success
 Business continuity
 High profile position in the
public bus transportation
 Reputation
WORLD CLASS ENTERPRISE
 To be recognized as a
world leader in
providing quality
transport services on a
commercial basis
GOAL
 Social responsibilities
 Caring company
 Enhance the brand
name
COMMUNITY
 Customer-focused
environment
 Customer satisfaction
 Excellent services
SERVICE QUALITY
 Continual improvement in
safety
 Continual improvement in
service quality
STRATEGY
 Teaming
 People Development
 Innovation
PEOPLE
 Safety-first culture
 Zero accidents
 Risk management
(Risk-based approach)
SAFETY