Computers are made up of both hardware and software. The hardware includes electronic components like processors, graphics cards, memory, and drives. Software consists of computer programs which are sequences of instructions that can be understood by the hardware. There are different generations of programming languages from low-level machine code to high-level languages, with each new generation providing a higher level of abstraction. Computer programs are translated from their original code into executable machine code using language translators like assemblers and compilers.

1. Computer
computers are made up of hardware and consists of the following
Hardware - Electronic chips and components,
processors,
graphics cards,
motherboard,
hard-rives,
fans,
disc drives,
data posts,
circuit-boards,
memory
Software consists of sequences of instructions called programs that can be understood by
Hardware
Computer program= a sequence of instructions
Generations of programming language
Machine Code ( 0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0)
Assembly Code Conventional linguistic grammar levels of
Abstraction zeros and ones (0,0,1,1)
Problem-oriented languages C= systems solutions/Software
PHP= Server side Scripting is to do with internet with a
website to respond to a command by the user (imperative
languages= Sequential= one command and then the next)
Declarative programming language C++ Java - declare
variables and then process them when needed
Language Translators = translate programs written in source
code into executable instructions understood by the computer
in it’s own Object code
Assembler = Translate an assembly language
into a machine code
1st Generation
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
Hardware
4th Generation
Low Level
High Level
Abstract
Source code
Slow to Process Fast Processing
Object Code Literal
Assembly Code
4th
Generation
3rd Generation
Machine Code

2. Compiler = Translates a entire program written in a high-level source code in one go.
(+) no translation required at run-time, runs faster
(-) long programs may require a long time to compile before they can run
Interpreter = Analyses and translate individual lines of code at no-time
(+) possible to test sections of code doing development
(-) slower to process at no-time