Setting out presentation by Bentil Gabriel

1. INTEGRATED PROJECT
GROUP 4
SETTING OUT

2. DEFINITION
• Setting out is the process of surveying where the positions and levels of buildings,
roads, drainages, sewers, and all other engineering projects are already marked on a
plan are transferred to the ground by a variety of methods and by specially
manufactured instruments.
• Setting out can also be defined as the physical transfer of plan into the ground.
• Also is the process of transferring the plan on paper to the actual ground or site of
construction. A building is set out in order to clearly define the outline of the
excavation and the line of the walls, so that construction can be carried exactly
according to the plan.

3. METHODS OF SETTING OUT
There are three methods used in setting out. They are;
1. 3-4-5 method
2. Builder’s square method
3. Theodolite method
In our project we used builder’s square method.

4. THE BUILDER’S SQUARE METHOD
• 1. Establish peg 1 at any convenient point according to the plan on the ground.
• 2. Drive a 3 inches nail 2 inches into the head of the 2 x 2 wooden pegs leaving an inch
above.
• 3. Tie a line to the established peg 1 then take it to the next point to establish the second
peg position. Ensure the line is straight by placing a spirit level along the line.
• 4. Drive the second peg into the ground, drive the nail into it’s head and tie the line to it.
• 5. Establish peg 3 at any close point as shown in the illustration. Tie the line to it then take it
across to establish peg 4.
• 6. Place a builder’s square at the interception of the lines. Ensure the angle formed at the
intercept is 90 then establish peg 4.

5. THE BUILDER’S SQUARE METHOD
• 7. Measure the desired distance which in this case is 2.4m, between the the centres of the
columns to be erected and establish peg 5.
• 8. To establish peg 6 from peg 5, place a builder’s square at the interception of the lines as
in step 6.
• 9. From the interception of the lines 3-4 & 5-6, measure the required distance from the
centre of the columns, which in this case is 4.8m. Establish peg 7 at this point.
• 10. Take the line across to establish peg 8. Ensure squareness using the builder’s square
before driving the peg to the ground.
• 11. From peg 8, measure the distance between the centres of two columns as in step 7 then
establish peg 9.
• 12. Take the line across to establish peg 10. Ensure squareness using builder’s square at
intercepts. Drive peg 10 to the ground and tie the line.

6. ILLUSTRATION OF THE BUILDER’S
SQUARE METHOD

7. PRECAUTIONS
• Precautions
• To prevent errors, the following are the different types of control that should be
carried out to prevent any errors during setting out building plan on ground:
• Good practice in office
• On site control
• Equipment and staff
• Checks
• Marking the ground
• Use of grid offset

8. SITE PICTURES DURING AND AFTER
SUPERVISION

12. THANK YOU