GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016 SESSION B1, Midstream

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Utilization of Chloride Bearing
High Enthalpy Geothermal Fluid
Gudrun SAEVARSDOTTIR, Steindór HJARTARSON,
Kristinn INGASON, Bjarni PALSSON, William S.
HARVEY
Reykjavik University, Mannvit Engineering,
Landsvirkjun
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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The heat source - Magma
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Fluid from Deep Roots of Geothermal systems
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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High enthalpy steam – superheated or SC?
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP)
• Purpose of IDDP:
– Drill deeper to obtain a higher enthalpy steam, preferably supercritical
• T>374 °C
• P>220 bar
– For supercritical drill a 5km deep well
• Why:
– Higher enthalpy and mass flow gives a more powerful well
• IDDP-1
– The first well, IDDP-1, 2.2 km deep
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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IDDP1 at Krafla, north Iceland
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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The wild well IDDP-1
• 12 hours after
opening:
– T=410°C,
P=40bar,
h=3150kJ/kg
• Chemicals in
the steam
– HCl, sulphur,
silica fumes
Tekið af http://georg.hi.is/files/IDDP%20-%20GOF.pdf þann 16.11.11
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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HCl in superheated steam a problem
• HCl dissolves in the first
droplets formed
• Potent hydrocloric acid
• Corrodes metal!
Must be scrubbed from the
steam before it enters
sensitive components
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Silica fumes
• Fumes from IDDP
condensed as
amorphous silica
particles
• Formed as pressure
dropped below 80 bar
• Similar to industrial
microsilica particles
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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What can be done?
• Dry scrubbing
– Steam lead through a compound which will absorb HCl before it
enters the turbine
• Wel schrubbing
– NaOH or another base sprayed into the steam to dissolve the HCl
• Binary Cycle
– Heat transferred into a binary cycle through a heat exchanger
In any case, the power plant must be designed with
regard to the gas treatment configuration.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Wet scrubbing - 1
Chemicals: NaOH
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Wet scrubbing - 2
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Wet scrubbing - 3
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Dry Scrubbing
Chemicals: K2CO3,Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, CaCO3GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Binary cycle
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Mass Flow Rate
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Thermodynamic efficiency as a
function of well head pressure
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Output as a function of well head pressure
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Wet scrubbing - 2
GEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016

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Er í lagi að ég komi við hjá þér á
morgun í staðinn fyrir í dag?
Er í lagi að ég komi við hjá þér á
morgun í staðinn fyrir í dag?
TTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONGEORG Geothermal Workshop, November
2016