Sources of History in Reading in Philippine History Subject

1. GE6: Reading In Philippine History

2. “To be ignorant of what
occurred before you
were born is to remain
always a child.” -
Marcus Tullius Cicero

3.  Evaluate primary
sources for their
credibility, authenticity,
and provenance

5.  Primary Sources
 Secondary Sources
 Tertiary Sources

6.  External Criticism
 Internal Criticism
 General Principles for
Determining Reliability

8.  are written or printed
materials that have been
produced in one form or
another sometimes in the
past.

9.  include any time of
numerical data in
printed or handwritten
form.

10.  include any form of
statement made orally
by someone

11. are any objects whose
physical or visual
characteristics can
provides some
information about the

13.  Primary sources give
firsthand, original, and
unfiltered information.

14.  Examples are eyewitness
accounts, personal
journals, interviews,
surveys, experiments,
historical documents, and
artifacts.

15.  These sources have a
close, direct
connection to their
subjects.

17.  Directly address
your topic and often
provide information
that is unavailable
elsewhere.

18.  Example: the
questions you
compose for an
interview or survey, a
test to a particular

19.  As eyewitness to the
accounts may be too
close to the subject,
lacking a critical
distance.

20.  Secondary sources are
one step removed from
the topic.

21.  you must remember
that secondary
information is filtered
through someone else’s
perspective and may be
biased.

23.  Provide a variety of
expert perspectives and
insights.
 Peer review usually
ensures the quality of
sources such as
scholarly articles.

24.  Researching
secondary sources is
more efficient than
planning, conducting
and analyzing certain
primary sources.

25.  In contrast, secondary
sources are not
necessarily focused on
your specific topic, you
may have to dig to find
applicable information.

26.  Information may be
colored by the writer’s
own bias or faulty
approach.

27.  Tertiary sources
provide third-hand
information by
reporting ideas &
details from secondary

28.  This does not mean that
tertiary sources have no
value, merely that they
include the potential for
an additional layer of bias.

30.  Offer a quick, easy
introduction to your
topic.
 They may point to a
high-quality primary

31.  May oversimplify or
otherwise distort a
topic.
 By rehashing
secondary sources, they
may miss new insights

33.  An autobiography is
an account of a
person’s life written by
that person.

34.  A memoir is a history
or record composed
from personal
observation and

35.  A diary is a regularly
kept record of the
diarist’s activities and
reflections.

36.  A personal letter is a
type of letter that usually
concerns personal
matters and is sent from

37.  A correspondence is a
body of letters or
communications.

38.  An interview is a
conversation where
questions are asked and
answers are given.

39.  A survey is a list of
questions aimed at
extracting specific data
from a particular group of
people.

40.  A field research or
fieldwork is the collection
of information outside a
laboratory, library or
workplace setting.

41.  Photographs and posters
can illustrate past events as
they happened and people
as they were at a particular
time.

42.  Paintings: a form of
visual art where paint
or ink is used.

43.  Drawing: a form of visual art
in which a person uses
various drawing instruments
to mark paper or another
two-dimensional medium.

44.  Literature: a body of
written works.

45.  A speech is a form of
communication in spoken
language, made by a
speaker.

47.  An annotated
bibliography Is an
organized list of sources,
each of which is followed
by a brief note or

48.  A biography is a
description of a real
person’s life, including
factual details as well as
stories from the person’s

49.  Periodicals are
newspapers, magazines,
and scholarly journals-
all of which are published
“periodically.”

50. A.Newspaper
 is a periodical
publication containing
written information about
current events.

51. B. Magazine and Journal
 Magazines journals may
be published weekly,
monthly, quarterly,
annually, or at some other
interval.

53.  A literature review is an
evaluative report of
information found in the
literature related to your
selected area of study.

54.  The film review is a
popular way for critics to
assess a film’s overall
quality and determine
whether or not they think
the film is worth

55.  A book review is a form
of literary criticism in
which a book is analyzed
based on content, style,
and merit.

57.  1. General references
such as dictionaries,
encyclopedias, almanacs,
and atlases.

58.  2. Crowd sources
Wikipedia, YouTube,
message boards, and
social media sites like
Twitter and Facebook.
 3. Search sites

60.  A library is a collection of
sources of information and
similar resources, made
accessible to a defined
community for reference or
borrowing.

61.  An archive is an
accumulation of historical
records or the physical
place they are located.

62.  A museum is an Institution
that cares for (conserves) a
collection of artifacts and
other objects of artistic,
cultural, historical, or
scientific importance.

63.  A historical society is an
organization dedicated to
preserving, collecting,
researching, and
interpreting historical
information or items.

64.  In library science, special
collections (Spec. Coll. Or
S.C.) are libraries or library
units that house materials
requiring specialized
security and user services.

66.  Document collection is
used in Historical Research
and in other research
designs in combination
with other ways of data
collection.

67.  1. Formal records:
personnel, sales records,
shareholder reports,
minutes of the meeting

68.  2. Informal
communications: notes,
memos, email

69.  3. Public records:
electoral registers,
registers of births,
marriages, and deaths

70.  1. Personal papers:
diaries, logs, letters,
phone texts, emails

71.  2. Documents from
everyday lives: shopping
lists, bus & train tickets.

72.  Academic literature
 Popular literature
 Guides, manuals

73.  1. Research data and
field notes from previous
studies.

74.  2. Publicly funded
surveys
 3. Internal
organizational research

75.  1. Photos, videos,
comic strips,
signposts, models
 2. Sound and music

76.  3. Electronic sources–
screenshots, websites,
online communities’
archives

77.  1. Field notes
 2. Photographs
 3. Diagrams

78.  4. Storyboards
 5. Use case scenarios