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Pollen germination under microscope
Pollen germination is the process by which a pollen grain attaches to the stigma of a flower and develops a pollen tube that transports sperm to the ovule for fertilization. The document includes microscope images showing pollen grains, pollen tubes growing from grains attached to stigmas, and cellular structures within pollen tubes at magnifications from 4.5x to 400x.
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Pollen germination under microscope
- 1. Pollen Germination underMicroscopeFrank Soto02/11/2011
- 2. First of all,Germination is the development of a plant. Pollen Germination is when a pollen grain is attached to the stigma of a flower and then germinates to create a pollen tube toward the flower’s ovule. This pollen tube transports the sperm toward the ovule to fertilize it. Pollen Germination
- 3. Anther of Cruzde Malta 4.5xStereomicroscope
- 4. Cruz de maltaClosedStigma5.6x Stereomicroscope
- 5. Cruz de MaltaOpenStigma5.6x Stereomicroscope
- 6.
- 7. Pollen tubes 40xBrightfield
- 8. Pollen cellPollen TubePollentubes 100x Brightfield
- 9. Pollen tubes 100xPhase Contrast
- 10. Pollen tube 200xBrightfieldVacuole
- 11. Pollen tube 200xPhase Contrast
- 12. Pollen tube 400xBrightfieldOrganelles
- 13. Pollen tube 400xPhase Contrast
- 14.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Many aspects of Angiosperm pollen germination and tube growth are discussed including mechanisms of dehydration and rehydration, in vitro germination, pollen coat compounds, the dynamic involvement of cytoskeletal elements (actin, microtubules), calcium ion fluxes, extracellular matrix elements (stylararabinogalactan proteins), and control mechanisms of gene expression in dehydrating and germinating pollen.Pollen germinates when the stigma releases a sugar like sucrose, then it starts growing the pollen tube. Though, this only occurs if the stigma recognizes the pollen grain. Another germination event during the life cycle of gymnosperms and flowering plants is the germination of a pollen grain after pollination. Like seeds, pollen grains are severely dehydrated before being released to facilitate their dispersal from one plant to another. They consist of a protective coat containing several cells (up to 8 in gymnosperms, 2-3 in flowering plants). One of these cells is a tube cell. Once the pollen grain lands on the stigma of a receptive flower (or a female cone in gymnosperms), it takes up water and germinates. Pollen germination is facilitated by hydration on the stigma, as well as by the structure and physiology of the stigma and style.[2] Pollen can also be induced to germinate in vitro (in a petri dish or test tube).[6][7]During germination, the tube cell elongates into a pollen tube. In the flower, the pollen tube then grows towards the ovule where it discharges the sperm produced in the pollen grain for fertilization. The germinated pollen grain with its two sperm cells is the mature male microgametophyte of these plants
- #4 Anther Cruz de Malta 4.5x
- #5 Stigma Cruz de Malta 5.6xStigma stays closed until the ovule’s matured and also to avoid self-pollination.
- #6 Stigma Cruz de Malta 5.6x When the stigma has opened, it is ready to receive pollen from other flowers. The pollen cells are trapped by the adhesive fibers of the stigma. Though, the stigma doesn’t send the signal to germinate unless it is identified as pollen cell from a cruz de malta flower.
- #7 Impatiens Pollen 5.6x
- #8 Pollen tubes 40xBrightfield
- #9 Pollen Tubes 100x Brightfield
- #10 Pollen tubes 100x Phase
- #11 Pollen tube 200x BrightfieldThe pollen tube needs water and nutrients to elongate. Which these nutrients are carried by the organelles moving alongside the Vacuole.
- #12 Pollen tubes 200x phase
- #13 Pollen tube 400x brightfield
- #14 Pollen tube 400x phase